Comorbidities Associated with Vitiligo: Results from the EpiChron Cohort.

Vitiligo is a pigmentation disorder that impacts approximately 0.5% to 2% of the global population. Growing interest surrounds the comorbidities associated with vitiligo.

Hereditary Pancreatic Cancer: Advances in Genetic Testing, Early Detection Strategies, and Personalized Management.

: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly lethal malignancy with a five-year survival rate of approximately 13% for advanced stages. While the majority of PDAC cases are sporadic, a significant subset is attributable to hereditary and familial predispositions, accounting for approximately 25% of cases. This article synthesizes recent advancements in the understanding, detection, and management of hereditary pancreatic cancer (PC).

Optimization of a Sonotrode Extraction Method and New Insight of Phenolic Composition of .

The optimization of bioactive compound extraction from using ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) via sonotrode was investigated to maximize phenolic recovery and antioxidant activity while promoting a sustainable process. Optimal conditions (40% / ethanol in water, 38 min, 36% amplitude) were selected to maximize phenolic recovery while considering environmental and energy sustainability by optimizing extraction efficiency and minimizing solvent and energy usage. HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS analysis tentatively identified 25 phenolic compounds, including sulfated phenolic acids, phlorotannins, flavonoids, and halophenols, with some reported for the first time in , underscoring the complexity of this alga's metabolome.

Drug Delivery Applications of Hydrophobic Deep Eutectic Solvent-in-Water Nanoemulsions: A Comparative Analysis of Ultrasound Emulsification and Membrane-Assisted Nanoemulsification.

The emergence of green chemistry and engineering principles to enforce sustainability aspects has ensured the prevalence of green solvents and green processes. Our study addresses this quest by exploring drug delivery applications of hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents (DESs) which are alternative green solvents. Initially, this work showcases the hydrophobic drug solubilization capabilities of a natural hydrophobic DES, menthol, and decanoic acid.

Human miR-1 Stimulates Metabolic and Thermogenic-Related Genes in Adipocytes.

MicroRNAs play a pivotal role in the regulation of adipose tissue function and have emerged as promising therapeutic candidates for the management of obesity and associated comorbidities. Among them, miR-1 could be a potential biomarker for metabolic diseases and contribute to metabolic homeostasis. However, thorough research is required to fully elucidate the impact of miR-1 on human adipocyte thermogenesis and metabolism.

Practical Recommendations for the Diagnosis and Management of Lysosomal Acid Lipase Deficiency with a Focus on Wolman Disease.

Lysosomal acid lipase deficiency (LAL-D) is an ultra-rare lysosomal storage disease with two distinct phenotypes, an infantile-onset form (formerly Wolman disease) and a later-onset form (formerly cholesteryl ester storage disease). The objective of this narrative review is to examine the most important aspects of the diagnosis and treatment of LAL-D and to provide practical expert recommendations. The infantile-onset form occurs in the first weeks of life and is characterized by malnourishment and failure to thrive due to gastrointestinal impairment (vomiting, diarrhea, malabsorption), as well as systemic inflammation, hepatosplenomegaly, and adrenal calcifications.

Acrylamide Exposure and Cardiovascular Risk: A Systematic Review.

Acrylamide is a food contaminant formed during high-temperature cooking processes, leading to unintentional human exposure. Diet is the primary source for non-smokers, with potatoes, cereals, and coffee being the main contributors. While animal studies have demonstrated that acrylamide is neurotoxic, genotoxic, mutagenic, and cardiotoxic, its effects on human cardiovascular health remain poorly understood.

Impact of Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment on Macular Vascular and Functional Integrity.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the correlations between optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA), best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), and macular integrity assessment (MAIA) microperimetry (MP) in both a control group and patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD). Additionally, it assessed differences between the groups and examined whether the time from symptom onset to surgery influenced microvascular or functional changes in the RRD group.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 47 patients who had undergone successful RRD surgery with pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) and sulfur-hexafluoride (SF6) gas injection, with or without scleral buckling (SB), and a control group of 136 healthy eyes.

Identifying Hub Genes and miRNAs Associated with Alzheimer's Disease: A Bioinformatics Pathway to Novel Therapeutic Strategies.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that mainly affects the elderly population. It is characterized by cognitive impairment and dementia due to abnormal levels of amyloid beta peptide (Aβ) and axonal Tau protein in the brain. However, the complex underlying mechanisms affecting this disease are not yet known, and there is a lack of standardized biomarkers and therapeutic targets.

Multimorbidity in Patients with Chronic Liver Disease: A Population-Based Study in the EpiChron Cohort, Spain.

: Chronic liver disease (CLD) is highly relevant in clinical practice due to its increasing incidence and associated mortality. We aimed to exhaustively characterize the multimorbidity of patients with CLD. : This is a retrospective observational study of patients aged 18 years and older with a diagnosis of CLD in 2015 in the EpiChron Cohort (Spain).

Preliminary steps for fabrication of microfluidic systems for swine sperm sorting: Materials, perfusing systems and flow.

The success rate of assisted reproductive techniques in the livestock production can be optimized by improving the quality of the semen sample by selecting only the good quality sperm from the ejaculate. Microfluidic technology has been studied for sperm sorting mainly in human ejaculates but has not been studied for boar sperm. Spermatozoa have been proven to be highly sensitive to different microplastics, but the potential toxic effects of the materials used to set up microfluidic systems have not been studied.

Incidence of SARS-CoV-2 Infection Among European Healthcare Workers and Effectiveness of the First Booster COVID-19 Vaccine, VEBIS HCW Observational Cohort Study, May 2021-May 2023.

European countries have included healthcare workers (HCWs) among priority groups for COVID-19 vaccination. We established a multi-country hospital network to measure the SARS-CoV-2 incidence and effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines among HCWs against laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. HCWs from 19 hospitals in 10 countries participated in a dynamic prospective cohort study, providing samples for SARS-CoV-2 testing at enrolment and during weekly/fortnightly follow-up.

The Effect of Carbodiimide Crosslinkers on Gelatin Hydrogel as a Potential Biomaterial for Gingival Tissue Regeneration.

Connective tissue grafts for gingival recession treatment present significant challenges as they require an additional surgical site, leading to increased morbidity, extended operative times, and a more painful postoperative recovery for patients. Gelatin contains the arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) sequence, which supports cell adhesion and interactions. The development of gelatin hydrogels holds significant promise due to their biocompatibility, ease of customization, and structural resemblance to the extracellular matrix, making them a potential candidate for gingival regeneration.

Exploring Eye, Hair, and Skin Pigmentation in a Spanish Population: Insights from Hirisplex-S Predictions.

Background/objectives: Understanding and predicting human pigmentation traits is crucial for individual identification. Genome-wide association studies have revealed numerous pigmentation-associated SNPs, indicating genetic overlap among pigmentation traits and offering the potential to develop predictive models without the need for analyzing large numbers of SNPs.

Methods: In this study, we assessed the performance of the HIrisPlex-S system, which predicts eye, hair, and skin color, on 412 individuals from the Spanish population.

Plant miR6262 Modulates the Expression of Metabolic and Thermogenic Genes in Human Hepatocytes and Adipocytes.

Background: Edible plants have been linked to the mitigation of metabolic disturbances in liver and adipose tissue, including the decrease of lipogenesis and the enhancement of lipolysis and adipocyte browning. In this context, plant microRNAs could be key bioactive molecules underlying the cross-kingdom beneficial effects of plants. This study sought to explore the impact of plant-derived microRNAs on the modulation of adipocyte and hepatocyte genes involved in metabolism and thermogenesis.

Novel Drug-like HsrA Inhibitors Exhibit Potent Narrow-Spectrum Antimicrobial Activities against .

infection constitutes a silent pandemic of global concern. In the last decades, the alarming increase in multidrug resistance evolved by this pathogen has led to a marked drop in the eradication rates of traditional therapies worldwide. By using a high-throughput screening strategy, in combination with in vitro DNA binding assays and antibacterial activity testing, we identified a battery of novel drug-like HsrA inhibitors with MIC values ranging from 0.

Weight Status Determines the Impact of a School-Based Nutrition Education Intervention on Lifestyle Behaviors in Children.

Background/objectives: This study investigated the impact of the FLUYE school-based intervention on children's lifestyle behaviors, Mediterranean diet adherence, and emotional well-being in Spain. The objective was to promote healthy habits through nutrition education, physical activity, and emotional support within the school environment, with a focus on addressing the needs of both normal-weight and overweight/obese children.

Methods: A total of 552 children aged 3 to 12 years participated in the study, with data collected at baseline (T0) and follow-up (T1).

Comparison between Different Visual Acuity Tests and Validation of a Digital Device.

Purpose: To compare different visual acuity (VA) tests (printed and digital, symbols and letters) and to validate a new device for VA testing called DIVE (Devices for an Integral Visual Examination).

Methods: VA was tested in a wide spectrum of adult people with printed tests (ETDRS and LEA Symbols) and with two implemented tests in DIVE (HOTV and DIVE Symbols). We measured agreement between the different VA tests using the intraclass correlation coefficient and Bland-Altman method.

Analysis of the effectiveness of a computerized cognitive stimulation program designed from Occupational Therapy according to the level of cognitive reserve in older adults in Primary Care: Stratified randomized clinical trial protocol.

Normal aging presents subtle cognitive changes that can be detected before meeting the criteria for Mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Older people with low cognitive reserve and who receive limited cognitive stimulation are at greater risk of deterioration. In this regard, cognitive stimulation (CS) has been identified as an intervention that reduces this risk, provided that its design takes into account the differences in the level of cognitive reserve (CR) acquired throughout life and the baseline level of cognitive functioning.

The Role of the Pharmacist in a Patient's Care for Individuals Undergoing Anticoagulant Therapy: A Case Report.

Achieving clinical effectiveness with vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) requires a Time in Therapeutic Range (TTR) above 65%. TTR is influenced by genetics (CYP2C9, VKORC1, CYP4F2), treatment adherence, and knowledge. The SAMe-TT2R2 algorithm is used to assess VKA treatment suitability.

Retinochoroidal Vascular Changes in Long-Term Type 1 Diabetic Patients Assessed by Optic Coherence Tomography Angiography.

To study retinal and choriocapillaris (CC) alterations using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in long-term type 1 diabetic (DM1) patients without diabetic retinopathy (DR). Seventy-eight eyes from 78 well-controlled DM1 patients diagnosed at least 15 years prior and 130 eyes of 130 healthy subjects were included in a cross-sectional descriptive study. Six eyes were excluded from the DM1 group.

Peripheral Blood TCRβ Repertoire, IL15, IL2 and Soluble Ligands for NKG2D Activating Receptor Predict Efficacy of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Lung Cancer.

The development of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has changed the therapeutic paradigm of lung cancer (LC), becoming the standard of treatment for previously untreated advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) without actionable mutations. It has allowed the achievement of durable responses and resulted in significant survival benefits. However, not all patients respond; hence, molecular biomarkers are needed to help us predict which patients will respond.