Peripheral Blood TCRβ Repertoire, IL15, IL2 and Soluble Ligands for NKG2D Activating Receptor Predict Efficacy of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Lung Cancer.

The development of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has changed the therapeutic paradigm of lung cancer (LC), becoming the standard of treatment for previously untreated advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) without actionable mutations. It has allowed the achievement of durable responses and resulted in significant survival benefits. However, not all patients respond; hence, molecular biomarkers are needed to help us predict which patients will respond.

Biological Properties of Extract on Caco-2 Cells: Antioxidant, Anticancer, and Anti-Inflammatory Effects.

(BE) is a mushroom well known for its taste, nutritional value, and medicinal properties. The objective of this work was to study the biological effects of BE extracts on human colon carcinoma cells (Caco-2), evaluating parameters related to oxidative stress and inflammation. In this study, a hydroethanolic extract of BE was obtained by ohmic heating green technology.

Gestational diabetes mellitus management according to ultrasound fetal growth versus strict glycemic treatment in singleton pregnancies: A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials.

Aim: The objective of this meta-analysis was to evaluate obstetric outcomes in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) patients treated with flexible management based on intrauterine ultrasound fetal growth (FMIUFG) or strict maternal glycemic adjustment (SMGA).

Methods: We performed a comprehensive systematic review of electronic databases for randomized clinical trials (RCTs) comparing obstetrics outcomes of singleton GDM patients managed according to FMIUFG or SMGA. The review protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD497888).

Knowledge Gaps in Gluten-Free Diet Awareness among Patients and Healthcare Professionals: A Call for Enhanced Nutritional Education.

Diet is the only treatment for celiac disease (CeD), and good adherence to a gluten-free diet (GFD) is the only way to ensure complete remission and to prevent complications. Limited education about the disease and a GFD is an attributing factor to inadequate adherence. Thus, our aim was to assess the current knowledge about a GFD and the clinical monitoring of adherence to the diet among CeD people and HCPs.

Validation and Comparison of Prognostic Models in Renal Carcinoma in a Tertiary Hospital.

Background: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the third most frequent urological neoplasia. Proper risk stratification is essential for adequate management. Various calculators are available.

When metabolic comorbidities and risk of malnutrition coexist: The new era of inflammatory bowel disease.

Background: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and risk of malnutrition can coexist in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We performed a malnutrition risk assessment as part of the standard follow-up of IBD patients and studied the potential risk factors for being at risk of malnutrition based on the presence or absence of MASLD.

Methods: The Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST) was used to screen malnutrition risk (MUST ≥1) and controlled attenuation parameter (CAP ≥248 dB/min) to assess MASLD.

The role of vitamin C in the prevention of pancreatic cancer: a systematic-review.

Introduction And Aim: The aim of this systematic review was to assess the role of vitamin C in the prevention of pancreatic cancer (PC).

Methods: A comprehensive literature search was performed in PubMed, Embase and Web of Science up to August 2023, to identify randomized controlled trials (RCT), cohort studies and mendelian randomization studies based on prospective databases assessing the role of vitamin C in PC prevention.

Results: A total of twelve studies including European and North-American participants were included: two RCT, three mendelian randomization (MR) studies and seven cohort studies.

Advanced Kidney Models In Vitro Using the Established Cell Line Renal Proximal Tubular Epithelial/Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase1 for Nephrotoxicity Assays.

Nephrotoxicity stands as one of the most limiting effects in the development and validation of new drugs. The kidney, among the organs evaluated in toxicity assessments, has a higher susceptibility, with nephrotoxic potential frequently evading detection until late in clinical trials. Traditional cell culture, which has been widely used for decades, does not recapitulate the structure and complexity of the native tissue, which can affect cell function, and the response to cytotoxins does not resemble what occurs in the kidney.

In-depth analysis of the interplay between oncogenic mutations and NK cell-mediated cancer surveillance in solid tumors.

Natural killer (NK) cells play a crucial role in antitumoral and antiviral responses. Yet, cancer cells can alter themselves or the microenvironment through the secretion of cytokines or other factors, hindering NK cell activation and promoting a less cytotoxic phenotype. These resistance mechanisms, often referred to as the "hallmarks of cancer" are significantly influenced by the activation of oncogenes, impacting most, if not all, of the described hallmarks.

Proteomic profiling of human plasma extracellular vesicles identifies PF4 and C1R as novel biomarker in sarcopenia.

Background: Sarcopenia, the gradual and generalized loss of muscle mass and function with ageing, is one of the major health problems in older adults, given its high prevalence and substantial socioeconomic implications. Despite the extensive efforts to reach consensus on definition and diagnostic tests and cut-offs for sarcopenia, there is an urgent and unmet need for non-invasive, specific and sensitive biomarkers for the disease. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are present in different biofluids including plasma, whose cargo reflects cellular physiology.

The Influence of Accommodative Demand on Ocular Aberrations: A Study of Zernike Coefficients Repeatability and Variability.

Purpose: To evaluate the repeatability of the Zernike coefficients in healthy eyes when monocular accommodation was stimulated at different vergences demands.

Methods: A total of 36 right eyes from healthy volunteers were prospectively and consecutively recruited for this study. Wavefront aberrometry was conducted to objectively characterize the ocular optical quality during accommodation, from the individual's far point to a 5 D accommodation demand in steps of 0.

Prevalence and characteristics of chronic kidney disease in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Autonomous Community of Aragon.

Aims: The main objective in this study was to determine the prevalence of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) in people with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) in the Autonomous Community (AC) of Aragon (Spain) and to detect whether or not there is under-registration in the patient's history. As a secundary objetive, it was proposed to study the most relevant demographic and clinical characteristics of people with CKD.

Methods: Observational and retrospective real world data study of the population over 18 years of age with a diagnosis of T2DM, between January 2017 and December 2021.

Cognitive and behavioral weight management strategies during the menopausal transition: Insights from the Menopause and Weight Loss (ME-WEL) project.

Objective: Most women experience weight gain during the menopausal transition, often attributed to behavioral factors. Nevertheless, some women successfully maintain a healthy weight during this phase. This study aims to identify the successful cognitive and behavioral weight management strategies employed by postmenopausal women who effectively maintained a healthy weight during the menopausal transition (from premenopause to postmenopause).

Differences in tumor-associated T-cell receptor repertoires between early-onset and average-onset colorectal cancer.

The incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) among individuals younger than age 50 (early-onset CRC [EOCRC]) has substantially increased, and yet the etiology and molecular mechanisms underlying this alarming rise remain unclear. We compared tumor-associated T-cell repertoires between EOCRC and average-onset CRC (AOCRC) to uncover potentially unique immune microenvironment-related features by age of onset. Our discovery cohort included 242 patients who underwent surgical resection at Cleveland Clinic from 2000 to 2020.

High Gastric Cancer Mortality and Years of Life Lost in Nicaragua: A Population-Based Study 1997 to 2012.

Background: Gastric adenocarcinoma is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related mortality and leading infection-associated cancer. Gastric adenocarcinoma has striking geographic variability, with high incidence in East Asia and mountainous Latin America. Reliable cancer data and population-based cancer registries are lacking for the majority of low- and middle-income countries, including the Central American Four region (CA-4, Nicaragua, El Salvador, Honduras, and Guatemala).

Multimorbidity patterns and trajectories in young and middle-aged adults: a large-scale population-based cohort study.

Introduction: The presence of multiple chronic conditions, also referred to as multimorbidity, is a common finding in adults. Epidemiologic research can help identify groups of individuals with similar clinical profiles who could benefit from similar interventions. Many cross-sectional studies have revealed the existence of different multimorbidity patterns.

PLGA nanoparticle-encapsulated lysostaphin for the treatment of Staphylococcus aureus infections.

Staphylococcus aureus possesses the ability to become pathogenic, leading to severe and life-threatening infections. Its methicillin-resistant variant MRSA has garnered high-priority status due to its increased morbidity and associated mortality. This emphasizes the urgency for novel anti-staphylococcal agents.

Selective Detection of Active Extracellular Granzyme A by Using a Novel Fluorescent Immunoprobe with Application to Inflammatory Diseases.

Granzymes (Gzms), a family of serine proteases, expressed by immune and nonimmune cells, present perforin-dependent and independent intracellular and extracellular functions. When released in the extracellular space, GzmA, with trypsin-like activity, is involved in the pathophysiology of different inflammatory diseases. However, there are no validated specific systems to detect active forms of extracellular GzmA, making it difficult to assess its biological relevance and potential use as a biomarker.

L-Thyroxine and L-thyroxine-based antimicrobials against Streptococcus pneumoniae and other Gram-positive bacteria.

Objectives: The rise of antibiotic-resistant () poses a significant global health threat, urging the quest for novel antimicrobial solutions. We have discovered that the human hormone l-thyroxine has antibacterial properties. In order to explore its drugability we perform here the characterization of a series of l-thyroxine analogues and describe the structural determinants influencing their antibacterial efficacy.

Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy Using Encapsulated Protoporphyrin IX for the Treatment of Bacterial Pathogens.

Herein, we report on the antimicrobial photodynamic effect of polymeric nanoparticles containing the endogenous photosensitizer protoporphyrin IX. Compared to equivalent doses of the free photosensitizer, we demonstrated that the photodynamic antimicrobial efficacy of PLGA (polylactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles containing protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) against pathogenic () is preserved after encapsulation, while photobleaching is reduced. In addition, compared to equivalent doses of the free porphyrin, we show that a reduction in the cytotoxicity in mammalian cell cultures is observed when encapsulated.