Reliability generalization meta-analysis of orthorexia nervosa using the ORTO-11/12/15/R scale in all populations and language versions.

Background: The ORTO scale was developed in 2004 as a self-report questionnaire to assess symptoms of orthorexia nervosa (ON). ON is an unhealthy preoccupation with eating healthy food. The scale aims to measure obsessive attitudes and behaviors related to the selection, purchase, preparation, and consumption of pure, healthy food.

Laparoscopic Management of Inguinal Hernia: A Systematic Review and Updated Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Various surgical approaches for inguinal hernia repair have been outlined in medical literature. In most cases, these lesions are repaired by general surgeons. A variety of surgical techniques for the treatment of inguinal hernias have been documented in the medical literature.

The Role of Tranexamic Acid in Sleeve Gastrectomy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Tranexamic acid (TXA) is an essential procoagulant drug used in various intra- and postoperative situations. Its efficacy and safety profile in obese cases undergoing laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) is still unresolved. Therefore, this meta-analysis evaluated and investigated the current intra- and postoperative effects and hazards of TXA on patients undergoing LSG.

Optimizing Short-Term Maximal Exercise Performance: The Superior Efficacy of a 6 mg/kg Caffeine Dose over 3 or 9 mg/kg in Young Female Team-Sports Athletes.

Caffeine (CAF) is among the most extensively researched dietary supplements worldwide. However, little is known about the relationship between dosage and performance enhancement, particularly in female athletes. This study aimed to explore the effects of three different CAF dosages (3 mg·kg, 6 mg·kg, and 9 mg·kg) on high-intensity exercise and the prevalence of undesirable side effects related to these doses among female team-sports athletes.

Ethnic-Based Assessment of Vitamin D and Magnesium Status in the Kingdom of Bahrain.

Background: Vitamin D deficiency is a major global health problem. Most previous studies focused attention on the significant role of sunlight exposure in the homeostasis of vitamin D and calcium blood levels. Magnesium is pivotal in the proper functioning of vitamin D, and the physiologic functions of different organs require a balanced vitamin D and magnesium status.

Expanding the Genotype-Phenotype Correlations and Mutational Spectrum in Inherited Retinal Diseases: Novel and Recurrent Mutations.

Background Inherited retinal diseases (IRD) represent a prominent etiology of visual impairment on a global scale. The lack of a clear definition of the etiology and genotypic spectrum of IRD is attributed to the significant genetic variability seen. Additionally, there is a scarcity of available data about the correlations between genotypes and phenotypes in this context.

Knowledge and attitudes of medical students toward death: a cross-sectional comparative study between an Arab and a Western University.

Background: Cultural factors influence attitudes toward death, and gender disparities are evident. Prior studies show that medical students have limited knowledge about death and are uncomfortable with it. Moreover, there is limited research that has examined factors that influence medical students' knowledge and attitudes toward death.

Public misconceptions and attitudes towards persons diagnosed with epilepsy in the Kingdom of Bahrain: A cross-sectional study.

Background: Despite significant advancements in the understanding and treatment of epilepsy, the quality of life for persons diagnosed with Epilepsy (PdwE) can still be negatively impacted due to prevalent misconceptions and societal attitudes. This study aimed to investigate the knowledge, misconceptions, and attitudes towards epilepsy in Bahrain.

Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 1079 participants aged ≥ 18 years living in Bahrain.

Comparative Analysis of Machine Learning Algorithms Evaluating the Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of Metabolizing Enzymes with Clinical Outcomes Following Intravenous Paracetamol in Preterm Neonates with Patent Ductus Arteriosus.

Aims: Pharmacogenomics has been identified to play a crucial role in determining drug response. The present study aimed to identify significant genetic predictor variables influencing the therapeutic effect of paracetamol for new indications in preterm neonates.

Background: Paracetamol has recently been preferred as a first-line drug for managing Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) in preterm neonates.

Isorhamnetin as a potential therapeutic agent for diabetes mellitus through PGK1/AKT activation.

Context: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2D) is a significant health concern worldwide, necessitating novel therapeutic approaches beyond conventional treatments.

Objective: To assess isorhamnetin's potential in improving insulin sensitivity and mitigating T2D characteristics through oxidative and glycative stress modulation.

Materials And Methods: T2D was induced in mice with a high-fat diet and streptozotocin injections.

Leveraging artificial intelligence to detect ethical concerns in medical research: a case study.

Background: Institutional review boards (IRBs) have been criticised for delays in approvals for research proposals due to inadequate or inexperienced IRB staff. Artificial intelligence (AI), particularly large language models (LLMs), has significant potential to assist IRB members in a prompt and efficient reviewing process.

Methods: Four LLMs were evaluated on whether they could identify potential ethical issues in seven validated case studies.

Assessing Physician Confidence in Counseling Patients on COVID-19 Disease and Vaccination: A Survey of Physicians' Perspectives in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Background: The COVID-19 vaccine has been available and well acceptable among the Saudi population since its introduction in 2020; however, concerns still remain regarding the confidence of doctors in giving such vaccines.

Research Question: How confident are physicians in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia about giving counseling and advice for patients regarding COVID-19 disease and COVID-19 vaccines?

Objective:  To determine how confident Saudi Arabian doctors are in their ability to advise patients on the COVID-19 illness and COVID-19 vaccines.

Aim: To assist the health authorities in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in developing and implementing programs to improve doctors' skills and knowledge in giving advice to patients about the COVID-19 vaccine.

Optimized mucoadhesive niosomal carriers for intranasal delivery of carvedilol: A quality by design approach.

Carvedilol (CV), a β-blocker essential for treating cardiovascular diseases, faces bioavailability challenges due to poor water solubility and first-pass metabolism. This study developed and optimized chitosan (CS)-coated niosomes loaded with CV (CS/CV-NS) for intranasal (IN) delivery, aiming to enhance systemic bioavailability. Utilizing a Quality-by-Design (QbD) approach, the study investigated the effects of formulation variables, such as surfactant type, surfactant-to-cholesterol (CHOL) ratio, and CS concentration, on CS/CV-NS properties.

Mid-Term and Long-Lasting Psycho-Cognitive Benefits of Bidomain Training Intervention in Elderly Individuals with Mild Cognitive Impairment.

This study investigated whether combining simultaneous physical and cognitive training yields superior cognitive outcomes compared with aerobic training alone in individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and whether these benefits persist after four weeks of detraining. Forty-four people with MCI (11 males and 33 females) aged 65 to 75 years were randomly assigned to an 8-week, twice-weekly program of either aerobic training (AT group, = 15), aerobic training combined with cognitive games (ACT group, = 15), or simply reading for controls (CG group, = 14). Selective attention (Stroop), problem-solving (Hanoi Tower), and working memory (Digit Span) tasks were used to assess cognitive performances at baseline, in the 4th (W4) and 8th weeks (W8) of training, and after 4 weeks of rest (W12).

Banded Versus Non-banded Sleeve Gastrectomy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Standard bariatric surgeries include biliopancreatic diversion (BPD), sleeve gastrectomy (SG), Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), and adjustable gastric banding (AGB). Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) is currently favored due to safety, efficacy, and shorter operation time. However, previous literature shows 75.

Lauric acid-based thermosensitive delivery system for the treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Traditional treatments for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy, often have severe side effects. Local delivery of chemotherapeutic agents can be a promising approach to minimise systemic toxicity and improve efficacy. Lauric acid (LA), was explored as a novel injectable thermosensitive drug reservoir as a depot for sustained release of anticancer drugs to treat HNSCC.

Moral approval of xenotransplantation in Egypt: associations with religion, attitudes towards animals and demographic factors.

Xenotransplantation has great potential as an alternative to alleviate the shortage of organs for donation. However, given that the animal most suited for xenotransplantation is the pig, there are concerns that people in Muslim countries may be more hesitant to morally approve of these procedures. In this study, the moral approval of xenotransplantation was assessed in a group of 895 participants in Egypt.

Body Mass Index as a Predictor of COVID-19 Severity in ICU Patients in Saudi Arabia: A Retrospective Analysis.

Introduction The global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has prompted research into various risk factors, including the role of body mass index (BMI) in disease severity. This study specifically examines the correlation between BMI and the severity of COVID-19 among intensive care unit (ICU) patients in Saudi Arabia, addressing a gap in region-specific data. The study aims to assess the impact of BMI on the severity of COVID-19 in a Saudi Arabian ICU patient cohort, providing insights into how this relationship varies in different demographic contexts.

Quality of Life in Kidney Donors: A Single-Center Experience.

Background: Live kidney donation is used to treat end-stage renal disease, but it poses risks and decision-making challenges for donors. This study examines kidney donors' long-term quality of life (QOL).

Methods:  We conducted a cross-sectional survey on kidney donors between 1982 and 2018.

Exploring the promising potential of noscapine for cancer and neurodegenerative disease therapy through inhibition of integrin-linked kinase-1.

Integrin-linked kinase (ILK), a β1-integrin cytoplasmic domain interacting protein, supports multi-protein complex formation. ILK-1 is involved in neurodegenerative diseases by promoting neuro-inflammation. On the other hand, its overexpression induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which is a major hallmark of cancer and activates various factors associated with a tumorigenic phenotype.

Health trends in Canada 1990-2019: An analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study.

Objective: Monitoring trends in key population health indicators is important for informing health policies. The aim of this study was to examine population health trends in Canada over the past 30 years in relation to other countries.

Methods: We used data on disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), years of life lost (YLL), years lived with disability, life expectancy (LE), and child mortality for Canada and other countries between 1990 and 2019 provided by the Global Burden of Disease Study.

Nurse Who Had MERS-CoV Complications with A Near-Death Experience during Pregnancy: A Narrative Analysis.

Background: According to prevailing views in neuroscience, near-death experiences (NDE) occurring after severe head trauma, critical illness, or coma are often life-transforming experiences in which no awareness or sensory experience of any kind is possible. Although there are general patterns, each case is quite different from the other and requires accurate recording and reporting to potentially explain the phenomenon.

Aim: This narrative study aimed to explore a pregnant woman's NDE due to complications from MERS-CoV.

An umbrella review and meta-analysis of meta-analyses of the impact of Ramadan fasting on the metabolic syndrome components.

Context: Ramadan is a holy month of fasting, spiritual reflection, and worship for Muslims worldwide. However, the Ramadan fast - which involves abstaining from all food and drink, sunrise to sunset for 29 days-30 days annually - may also influence physical health outcomes, especially relating to the risk of metabolic syndrome.

Objective: The literature from the top of the pyramid of evidence was gathered and synthesized for this comprehensive umbrella review and meta-analysis of meta-analyses in order to provide an overall conclusion on the impact of Ramadan fasting with regard to metabolic syndrome components.

A Case Report of a Cold Chest Wall Abscess Following Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Vaccination.

The Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine, a cornerstone in global immunization programs for tuberculosis prevention, has generally proven to be safe and effective. However, rare complications, including localized abscess formation, have been reported. This case report highlights a two-year-old male who developed a painless swelling on the left chest wall, noticed six weeks post-BCG vaccination.

A systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression of the prevalence of self-reported disordered eating and associated factors among athletes worldwide.

Background: The purpose of this meta-analysis was to provide a pooled prevalence estimate of self-reported disordered eating (SRDE) in athletes based on the available literature, and to identify risk factors for their occurrence.

Methods: Across ten academic databases, an electronic search was conducted from inception to 7th January 2024. The proportion of athletes scoring at or above predetermined cutoffs on validated self-reporting screening measures was used to identify disordered eating (DE).