Psychological distress in Nepalese residents during COVID-19 pandemic: a community level survey.

Background: COVID-19 pandemic has created unprecedented health and economic impact. Psychological stress, anxiety and depression are affecting not only COVID-19 patients but also health professionals, and general population. Fear of contracting COVID-19, forced restrictive social measures, and economic hardship are causing mental trauma.

Efficacy and safety of a single-tablet regimen containing tenofovir disoproxil fumarate 300 mg, lamivudine 300 mg and efavirenz 400 mg as a switch strategy in virologically suppressed HIV-1-infected subjects on nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-containing first-line antiretroviral therapy in Pune, India.

Objectives: As per National AIDS Control Organization (NACO) estimates, there are 2.1 million people living with HIV (PWH) in India, of whom 1.2 million are on first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART).

Complications after bariatric surgery: A multicentric study of 11,568 patients from Indian bariatric surgery outcomes reporting group.

Background: Complications after bariatric surgery are not uncommon occurrences that influence the choice of operations both by patients and by surgeons. Complications may be classified as intra-operative, early (<30 days post-operatively) or late (beyond 30 days). The prevalence of complications is influenced by the sample size, surgeon's experience and length and percentage of follow-up.

Retrieval of a retained guide wire from the deltoid muscle-A rare and delayed presentation post cardiac resynchronization therapy lead replacement.

Background And Aims: Fracture and retention of a guidewire after cardiac resynchronization therapy device implantation has not been reported in the literature so far, although it is an uncommon but known complication during cardiac interventions like percutaneous coronary interventions and other cardiac catheterization procedures.

Methods: A 53 years old female patient presented with severe pain over the left arm and shoulder for a period of 1 to 2 days. The patient had a history of dilated cardiomyopathy with severe left ventricular dysfunction and underwent cardiac resynchronization therapy device implant 3 years back with subsequent lead replacement 6 months back due to lead dysfunction.

Two treatment strategies for management of Neurosymptomatic cerebrospinal fluid HIV escape in Pune, India.

Symptomatic cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) viral escape (sCVE) is reported in people with HIV, who are on ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitor (PI/r) containing antiretroviral therapy (ART). Management of sCVE includes performing genotypic HIV-1 resistance testing (GRT) on CSF and plasma HIV and changing ART accordingly. Neither GRT nor newer drugs (Dolutegravir and Darunavir/ritonavir) are routinely available in India.

Colesevelam in the management of type 2 diabetes.

Colesevelam is a bile acid sequestrant, approved for the management of both dyslipidaemia and type 2 diabetes. This review discusses the potential for the use of colesevelam in the management of type 2 diabetes. Expert opinion suggests possible indications where colesevelam may add value as a glucose lowering agent.

Incidence of tuberculosis among HIV infected individuals on long term antiretroviral therapy in private healthcare sector in Pune, Western India.

Background: Despite rapid scale up of antiretroviral therapy (ART), Tuberculosis (TB) remains the commonest opportunistic infection and cause of death among HIV infected individuals in resource limited settings like India. Incidence of TB in individuals on ART in private healthcare sector in India is infrequently studied.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study conducted between 1st March 2009 and 1st March 2017 aimed to evaluate rate of incident TB in individuals initiated on ART at 3 private sector ART clinics in Pune, India.

Video Surveillance of Hand Hygiene: A Better Tool for Monitoring and Ensuring Hand Hygiene Adherence.

Introduction: Hand hygiene practice, as correctly said, is the backbone of infection control and it has been proven to limit infections in hospital settings. Currently most healthcare facilities monitor hand hygiene compliance by direct observation technique.We decided to use video surveillance as a tool to monitor hand hygiene compliance and its impact.

Atrial fibillation in diabetes: Need for cardiovigilance.

Atrial fibrillation (AF), the commonest arrhythmia in clinical practice, is also the commonest arrhythmia for which hospitalization is required. AF is associated with a 5 fold increase in stroke, a 2 fold increase in all-cause mortality, and a higher risk of heart failure. Hence, it is imperative to focus on the risk factors and clinical features of this condition, so that it can be prevented and managed in a timely manner.

A novel triple oral regime provides effective analgesia during extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy for renal stones.

Context: Analgesia during extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy for renal stone is an essential component. It not only makes the procedure comfortable but also increases the stone-free rate.

Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of triple oral analgesic agents on stone fragmentation and pain relief in comparison to injectable analgesic agents.

Continuation of oral nutritional supplementation supports continued growth in nutritionally at-risk children with picky eating behaviour: A post-intervention, observational follow-up study.

Objectives To evaluate the 120-day post-intervention growth trajectory of picky-eating children aged 2 to 6 years who previously completed a 90-day, randomized, controlled trial of oral nutritional supplementation (ONS) plus dietary counselling (DC) (SDC, n = 98) compared with DC alone (n = 105). Methods A total of 203 children were included. Children were free to consume ONS during follow-up.

Effect of oral nutritional supplementation on growth and recurrent upper respiratory tract infections in picky eating children at nutritional risk: a randomized, controlled trial.

Objectives To evaluate the effect of oral nutritional supplementation (ONS) plus dietary counselling (DC) (intervention) versus DC alone (control) on growth and upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) in nutritionally at-risk, picky eating children in India. Methods We performed a 90-day, prospective, randomized, controlled trial. A total of 255 children aged 24-72 months with a weight-for-age z-score ≥-2 and <-1, picky eating behaviour, and acute URTI were randomized to the control (n = 128) or intervention group (n = 127).

Discordant CSF/plasma HIV-1 RNA in individuals on virologically suppressive antiretroviral therapy in Western India.

Aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)/Plasma HIV-1 RNA discordance in virologically suppressed individuals presenting with incident neurologic symptoms.In this retrospective cohort study conducted between March 1, 2009, and March 1, 2017, HIV-1 infected adults exposed to atleast 12 months of antiretroviral therapy (ART) and having plasma viral load (VL) <1000 copies/mL (virologically suppressed) were included. Among these, individuals presenting with neurologic symptoms during follow-up were assessed for CSF/Plasma HIV-1 RNA discordance by measuring HIV-1 RNA in collected plasma and CSF samples.

Tropical Fevers in Indian Intensive Care Units: A Prospective Multicenter Study.

Background And Aims: Infections in tropics often present as undifferentiated fevers with organ failures. We conducted this nationwide study to identify the prevalence, profile, resource utilization, and outcome of tropical fevers in Indian Intensive Care Units (ICUs).

Materials And Methods: This was a multicenter prospective observational study done in 34 ICUs across India (July 2013-September 2014).

Management of Pregnancy in Lupus Patients.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) mostly affects young women of reproductive age group. SLE patients may conceive as any normal woman but complication may occur in these patients if the disease is active. Pregnancy in SLE may lead to 1.

Pathogenesis and Clinical Management of Gouty Arthritis.

Gout, the most common of the crystal arthritides is a result of disturbed uric acid metabolism and precipitation of urate crystals in extra cellular space of joints, periarticular tissue, bones and other organs. In the West, gout affects around 1% of adult men over 45 years of age. The estimated incidence being 0.

Polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, M-protein and skin changes (POEMS syndrome): a paraneoplastic syndrome.

POEMS syndrome (Crow-Fukase syndrome) is a rare paraneoplastic disorder. It is characterized by peripheral neuropathy, elevated vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs), monoclonal gammopathy, sclerotic bone lesions and Castleman disease. Other important clinical features are organomegaly, edema, ascites, papilledema, endocrinopathy, skin changes and thrombocytosis.

Oral conditions in renal disorders and treatment considerations - A review for pediatric dentist.

This article reviews the current understanding of the oral and dental aspects of chronic renal disease (CRD). A PubMed literature search was performed and all relevant studies were assessed. As the number of people suffering from CRD increases worldwide, dentists are expected to encounter more patients with CRD who need oral care.