86 results match your criteria: "Anxiety Disorder Social Phobia and Selective Mutism"
Sensory Processing Sensitivity as a trait of temperament - evolutionary, socio-cultural, biological context and relation to mental disorders.
Psychiatr Pol
April 2024
Klinika Psychiatrii Dorosłych w Poznaniu Uniwersytet Medyczny im. K. Marcinkowskiego w Poznaniu.
Article Synopsis
- The article discusses sensory processing sensitivity (SPS), highlighting its characteristics, assessment methods, and link to psychiatric disorders through a review of literature since 1997.
- It explores SPS from various perspectives, including evolutionary, socio-cultural, temperamental, and biological factors, with an emphasis on genetic influences and brain activity related to emotional and cognitive processing.
- SPS affects 20-35% of the population, leading to deeper stimulus processing, vulnerability to overstimulation, heightened emotional responses, and a predisposition to several psychiatric issues like depression, anxiety, and social phobia.
Identifying complementary and alternative medicine recommendations for anxiety treatment and care: a systematic review and critical assessment of comprehensive clinical practice guidelines.
Front Psychiatry
December 2023
School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia.
Article Synopsis
- - The systematic review analyzed clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) regarding complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) used for anxiety management, finding that ten guidelines had reporting rates between 51.4% and 88.6%.
- - Out of the ten CPGs, seven had moderate to high methodological quality and recommended 17 different CAM modalities, with applied relaxation being the most supported for generalized anxiety disorder.
- - The review highlighted significant gaps in CAM recommendations for specific anxiety disorders and emphasized the need for high-quality evidence and broader interdisciplinary collaboration in guideline development.
Efficacy and Safety of Psychedelics in Treating Anxiety Disorders.
Ochsner J
January 2023
The University of Queensland Medical School, Ochsner Clinical School, New Orleans, LA.
Article Synopsis
- Anxiety disorders are prevalent and can significantly impair daily functioning, with traditional treatments sometimes falling short for patients.
- Recent studies have explored the use of psychedelics, such as ayahuasca, ketamine, LSD, MDMA, and psilocybin, showing promising results in reducing anxiety symptoms and improving quality of life.
- The research indicates that psychedelics may offer a safe and effective alternative treatment for those who do not respond to standard therapies, with effects lasting for weeks and no severe side effects reported.
Article Synopsis
- Selective mutism (SM) is a rare anxiety disorder in children that can negatively impact their social and academic lives if not treated.
- The study explored the effectiveness of a 16-session treatment called Integrated Behavior Therapy for Selective Mutism (IBTSM) carried out by novice clinicians, finding high adherence rates and notable individual improvements in social anxiety and speaking behaviors.
- After therapy, 60% of the children no longer met the criteria for SM, and caregivers reported the treatment as acceptable, particularly in terms of time commitment and quality.
Silence and related symptoms in children and adolescents: a network approach to selective mutism.
BMC Psychol
November 2022
Department of Special Needs Educational and Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Otto-Behaghel-Straße 10 E, 35394, Giessen, Germany.
Article Synopsis
- Selective mutism (SM) is characterized primarily by silence in specific situations, but it is unclear which other symptoms are associated with it, especially in comparison to social anxiety disorder (SAD).
- A network analysis of 899 children, some showing SM symptoms, was conducted to identify potential symptom clusters and their relationships, revealing that silence is the most central symptom.
- The analysis found two main symptom clusters for SM: one relating to fear responses and another to speech avoidance, with limited overlap with SAD symptoms, except for speaking selectivity which was common to both.
Long-term outcome of selective mutism: factors influencing the feeling of being cured.
Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry
November 2023
Department of Clinical Psychology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, 683-8503, Japan.
Article Synopsis
- * The study compared three groups: those who felt cured of SM, those who did not, and those without SM, finding that both SM groups had higher anxiety and lower communication skills than the non-SM group.
- * It was found that feelings of being cured were affected by interpersonal anxiety and speaking difficulties, while communication skills and self-esteem did not significantly influence these feelings.
World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders - Version 3. Part I: Anxiety disorders.
World J Biol Psychiatry
February 2023
Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.
Article Synopsis
- The guideline by the World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry offers updated recommendations for treating anxiety, OCD, and PTSD, aiming to enhance global treatment standards.
- A panel of 33 experts from 22 countries evaluated over 1,000 clinical trials to ensure effective and acceptable treatment options.
- The document emphasizes SSRIs and SNRIs as first-line medications and CBT as the main psychotherapy, while also addressing cases where standard treatments may not be adequate.
Relationship of behavioral inhibition to separation anxiety in a sample (N = 377) of adult individuals with mood and anxiety disorders.
Compr Psychiatry
July 2022
Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Director of Psychotherapy Research, PRIME, (Psychiatric Research Institute of Montefiore Einstein), New York, NY, USA.
Article Synopsis
- Behavioral Inhibition (BI) is a childhood temperament characterized by fear and withdrawal in unfamiliar situations, which is linked to various anxiety disorders in adults, including social anxiety and agoraphobia, but has less direct connection to separation anxiety disorder (SAD).
- A study involving 377 adults with anxiety and mood disorders examined the relationship between BI and both childhood and adult SAD using structured assessments.
- Results showed that individuals with both childhood and adult SAD exhibited the highest levels of BI, with clear correlations found between scores on separation anxiety measures and BI, suggesting a noteworthy connection between these two conditions.
Psychophysiological mechanisms underlying the failure to speak: a comparison between children with selective mutism and social anxiety disorder on autonomic arousal.
Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health
December 2021
Department of Special Needs Educational and Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Otto-Behaghel-Straße 10, 35394, Giessen, Germany.
Article Synopsis
- Selective mutism (SM) is seen as a severe form of social anxiety disorder (SAD), where not speaking serves as a way to avoid anxiety, but the underlying physiological reasons for this are still unclear.
- A study involving 96 children explored the physiological responses to social stress in those with SM, SAD, and typical development, revealing that children with SM showed higher baseline arousal and a more rigid stress response in nonverbal tasks.
- The findings suggest that children with SM may experience an abnormal stress response due to long-term changes in their autonomic nervous system, leading to silence as a coping method that fails during verbal interactions.
Betrayed by the nervous system: a comparison group study to investigate the 'unsafe world' model of selective mutism.
J Neural Transm (Vienna)
September 2021
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich, University Zurich, Neumunsterallee 3, P.O. Box 233, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland.
Article Synopsis
- The study investigates the 'unsafe world' model of selective mutism (SM), suggesting it's a stress response where individuals perceive situations as 'unsafe' without realizing it.
- Researchers compared 28 children and adolescents with SM to 33 without SM, using various questionnaires to assess sensory-processing sensitivity and dissociation symptoms.
- Findings show that those with SM had significantly higher sensory-processing sensitivity and more dissociative symptoms, indicating these factors are crucial for understanding and treating SM.
EEG correlates of attentional control in anxiety disorders: A systematic review of error-related negativity and correct-response negativity findings.
J Affect Disord
August 2021
Epworth Centre for Innovation in Mental Health, Epworth Healthcare and Department of Psychiatry, Monash University, 888 Toorak Rd, Camberwell, Victoria, Australia.
Article Synopsis
- Anxiety disorders are common and significantly impact individuals and society, with altered attentional control linked to specific brain activity changes detectable by EEG, especially in error-related negativity (ERN) and correct-response negativity (CRN).
- A systematic review analyzed 66 studies, revealing that 85% found increased ERN amplitudes in individuals with clinical anxiety, while only about 20% of studies reported significant changes in CRN amplitudes.
- Limitations of the review included a lack of research on certain anxiety disorders, no studies involving older adults, and few studies focusing on emotional attentional control, but ERN shows potential as a reliable marker for clinical anxiety across different disorders.
Selective Mutism and Its Relations to Social Anxiety Disorder and Autism Spectrum Disorder.
Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev
June 2021
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, USA.
Article Synopsis
- Selective mutism (SM) is categorized under anxiety disorders, primarily linked to social anxiety, yet it can also relate to autism spectrum disorders (ASD) due to shared social challenges.* -
- The article discusses how symptoms of ASD, particularly restricted and repetitive behaviors and interests (RRBIs), may contribute to the persistence and worsening of social difficulties in individuals with SM.* -
- The potential connection between SM and ASD has implications for clinical practices, emphasizing the need for re-evaluation in terms of classification, assessment, and treatment strategies for affected children, while also suggesting areas for future research.*
[Developmental psychopathology perspective of Social Anxiety Disorder].
Neuropsychopharmacol Hung
September 2020
Pest Megyei Pedagógiai Szakszolgálat Budakeszi Tagintézménye, Budaörs, Hungary.
Article Synopsis
- - This review examines social anxiety disorder (SAD) through a developmental psychopathological lens, suggesting that it may be evolutionarily adaptive in some contexts and involves complex interactions between genetic and environmental influences.
- - The presentation of SAD changes with age: children often exhibit behavioral symptoms and may show selective mutism, while adolescents experience a natural uptick in social anxiety that can lead to increased prevalence of the disorder.
- - Understanding the developmental characteristics and possible early signs of SAD can improve early detection and lead to more effective treatments, as the disorder shows continuity across different life stages and may co-occur with other mental health issues.
Distinguishing selective mutism and social anxiety in children: a multi-method study.
Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry
July 2021
Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, Room 130, Psychology Building, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada.
Article Synopsis
- Selective mutism (SM) is an anxiety disorder where children speak in certain situations (like home) but not in others (like school), often linked to social anxiety.
- A study with 158 children aimed to compare social anxiety levels in kids with SM, kids with social anxiety disorder (SAD), and a control group, using various measures like behavior and reports from children, parents, and teachers.
- Results showed that while SM kids had similar anxiety levels as SAD kids in some areas, they exhibited higher social anxiety in school contexts and had different verbal behavior, suggesting SM is distinguishable from SAD in specific social scenarios.
Anxiety in Children with Selective Mutism: A Meta-analysis.
Child Psychiatry Hum Dev
April 2020
Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Leiden University, Wassenaarseweg 52, 2333 AK, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Article Synopsis
- This study uses a meta-analytic approach to evaluate how selective mutism (SM) is classified as an anxiety disorder in the DSM-5, combining data from 22 studies with 837 children.
- Findings show that 80% of children with SM also have another anxiety disorder, primarily social phobia (69%), indicating that SM and anxiety disorders may not be separate conditions.
- The study highlights a need for better research methods to assess anxiety in relation to SM, as current categorizations do not clarify the connection between the two.
Fears and fear-related cognitions in children with selective mutism.
Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry
September 2019
Department of Special Needs Educational and Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Otto-Behaghel-Straße 10c, 35394, Giessen, Germany.
Article Synopsis
- Selective mutism (SM) is recognized as an anxiety disorder in the DSM-5 but lacks specific concrete fears associated with it, unlike other anxiety disorders.
- A study involving 124 participants examined the fears related to SM, social phobia (SP), and typical development through an online survey, where participants with SM identified fears that hinder their communication in certain situations.
- Findings revealed that 59% of reported fears were social fears, with additional fears related to making mistakes, language, and voice, highlighting the need for interventions to specifically address social fears and fear of mistakes in individuals with SM.
The Diagnosis and Treatment of Anxiety Disorders.
Dtsch Arztebl Int
September 2018
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte (CCM), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Institute of General Practice, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Freiburg.
Article Synopsis
- - Anxiety disorders are the most prevalent mental illness in Europe, affecting 14% of people aged 14-65, typically starting in adolescence or early adulthood, and often leading to additional psychological or physical health issues.
- - The main types of anxiety disorders include generalized anxiety disorder, various phobias, panic disorder, separation anxiety, and selective mutism, with accurate diagnosis being crucial since anxiety can also indicate other mental or physical illnesses.
- - Effective treatments include psychotherapy, especially cognitive behavioral therapy, and modern antidepressants, with ongoing research focused on developing more personalized treatment options for patients.
Evaluation of a Novel Parent-Rated Scale for Selective Mutism.
Assessment
July 2020
Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany.
Article Synopsis
- Assessment of selective mutism (SM) is challenging due to the absence of effective diagnostic tools, leading to the development of the Frankfurt Scale specifically for this condition.
- A study tested this new parent-rated questionnaire on 334 individuals aged 3 to 18 with SM and other related disorders, revealing strong reliability and consistency in its measurements.
- Results showed significant differences in scores among diagnostic groups, and the scale effectively distinguished SM from other conditions, correlating well with clinician-rated severity.
The controversy around the diagnosis of selective mutism - a critical analysis of three cases in the light of modern research and diagnostic criteria.
Psychiatr Pol
April 2018
III Klinika Psychiatrii, Instytut Psychiatrii i Neurologii.
Article Synopsis
- * The study explores three cases of selective mutism across different ages, discussing diagnostic challenges and highlighting the complexity of the disorder's symptoms and their interpretations.
- * The presence of comorbid conditions, such as developmental disorders and auditory processing issues, plays a significant role in the effectiveness of treatment and the progression of selective mutism.
[Selective mutism].
Nervenarzt
May 2018
Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Deutschland.
Article Synopsis
- - Selective mutism, recognized as an independent anxiety disorder in the DSM-5, often starts in early childhood and is characterized by an inability to speak in certain situations, leading to diagnoses typically occurring after kids begin school.
- - It frequently coexists with other anxiety disorders like social phobia and depression, with symptoms showing a highly variable course; some may experience a sudden and complete recovery, while others might face prolonged issues.
- - Current understanding suggests a multifactorial cause involving genetic, psychological, and language-related factors, and treatment usually includes psychotherapy, speech therapy, and medication.
Article Synopsis
- Psychiatric nurses need to understand selective mutism (SM) as a childhood anxiety disorder that is often overlooked, and this article offers a comprehensive overview of its diagnosis and treatment.
- *It discusses common misconceptions about SM and how to differentiate it from trauma and oppositional disorders, featuring two examples that highlight different presentations.
- *Behavioral and medication-based treatments for SM are detailed, along with essential nursing considerations in managing the disorder.
Treatment of selective mutism: a 5-year follow-up study.
Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry
August 2018
Centre for Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Eastern and Southern Norway, Oslo, Norway.
Article Synopsis
- Selective mutism (SM) is recognized as an anxiety disorder, and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is the recommended treatment, though long-term outcome studies are limited.
- A recent study tracked 30 children who underwent a school-based CBT intervention for SM over a 5-year period, revealing that 21 were in full remission, while some continued to experience challenges.
- Factors such as older age, the severity of SM, and familial history negatively impacted outcomes, emphasizing the need for improved interventions for children who struggle with persistent symptoms.
An Examination of Fluoxetine for the Treatment of Selective Mutism Using a Nonconcurrent Multiple-Baseline Single-Case Design Across 5 Cases.
J Psychiatr Pract
January 2018
BARTERIAN: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH SANCHEZ: The Right Door for Hope, Recovery and Wellness, Ionia, MI, and Wedgwood Christian Services, Grand Rapids, MI MAGEN: Department of Psychiatry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI SIROKY and CARLSON: Department of Counseling, Educational Psychology, & Special Education, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI MASH: Howell, MI.
Article Synopsis
- This study focused on the effectiveness of fluoxetine in treating 5 children aged 5 to 14 with selective mutism and social anxiety, using a randomized design and various assessment methods.
- Results showed that all children improved in areas like social anxiety and speech, with medium to large effect sizes, but they still met the criteria for selective mutism post-treatment.
- Adverse effects were minimal, with just 2 children having minor behavioral issues, and parents generally viewed the treatment positively.