Analysis of Active Components and Transcriptome of Callus Extract and Its Effects against Oxidative Stress and Wrinkles in Skin.

(FR), a perennial flower of the Iris family (Iridaceae), is widely used in cosmetics despite limited scientific evidence of its skin benefits and chemical composition, particularly of FR callus extract (FCE). This study identified biologically active compounds in FCE and assessed their skin benefits, focusing on anti-aging. FR calli were cultured, extracted with water at 40 °C, and analyzed using Centrifugal Partition Chromatography (CPC), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), and HCA, revealing key compounds, namely nicotinamide and pyroglutamic acid.

Comparative Transcriptome Profiles of Human HaCaT Cells in Response to Extracts Obtained Using Three Independent Methods by RNA Sequencing.

(GP) is widely used in herbal medicine. In this study, we developed a method for the large-scale production of GP cells using plant tissue culture techniques combined with bioreactors. Six metabolites (uridine, adenosine, guanosine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, and tryptophan) were identified in GP extracts.

Anti-Pollutant Activity of Water Extract and Its Active Compound, Porphyra 334, against Urban Particulate Matter-Induced Keratinocyte Cell Damage.

Urban particulate matter (UPM) causes skin aging and inflammatory reactions by influencing skin cells through the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) signaling pathway. (also known as ), a red alga belonging to the Bangiaceae family, is an edible red seaweed. Here, we examined the anti-pollutant effect of water extract.

Complete Genome Sequence of a Novel Monopartite , Soybean Geminivirus B, Isolated from Soybean ( (L.) Merrill).

Soybean is one of the most important crops in Korea. To identify the viruses infecting soybean, we conducted RNA sequencing with samples displaying symptoms of viral disease. A contig displaying sequence similarity to the known was identified.

Transcriptome Profiling of Human Follicle Dermal Papilla Cells in response to Porphyra-334 Treatment by RNA-Seq.

Porphyra-334 is a kind of mycosporine-like amino acid absorbing ultraviolet-A. Here, we characterized porphyra-334 as a potential antiaging agent. An assay revealed that porphyra-334 dramatically promoted collagen synthesis in fibroblast cells.

β-Neoendorphin Enhances Wound Healing by Promoting Cell Migration in Keratinocyte.

The skin is the largest and a remarkably plastic organ that serves as a protective barrier against environmental stimuli and injuries throughout life. Skin injuries are serious health problems, and wound healing is a critical process to replace devitalized cellular and tissue structures. Although some endogenous opioids are known to be involved in the modulation of wound healing, it remains to be determined whether the β-neoendorphin (β-NEP), an endogenous opioid, has beneficial effects on wound repair in human keratinocyte.

Alpha-neoendorphin can reduce UVB-induced skin photoaging by activating cellular autophagy.

Skin aging is influenced by several genetic, physiological, and environmental factors. In particular, ultraviolet (UV) exposure is an important factor involved in inducing skin photoaging. Autophagy controlling homeostatic balance between the synthesis, degradation, and recycling of cellular organelles and proteins plays important regulatory roles in several biological processes, including aging.

Acceleration of somatic cell reprogramming into the induced pluripotent stem cell using a mycosporine-like amino acid, Porphyra 334.

Porphyra 334 (P334), a mycosporine-like amino acid (MAA), is a secondary metabolite found in diverse marine and terrestrial organisms and has several beneficial effects on fibroblast proliferation, wound healing, and antioxidant activity. Here, we report that P334 accelerates the cell reprogramming process of mouse tail-tip fibroblasts (TTFs) and human dermal papilla (HDP) cells into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). We found that P334 significantly improved the cell reprogramming efficiency by activating the tri-methylation of histone 3 lysine 4 (H3K4me3), which controls mesenchymal to epithelial transition (MET) during the reprogramming process.

Anti-Aging Effects of (Edelweiss) Callus Culture Extract Through Transcriptome Profiling.

Edelweiss () in the family is a wildflower that grows in rocky limestone places. Here, we investigated the efficacy of edelweiss callus culture extract ( callus culture extract; LACCE) using multiple assays from to as well as transcriptome profiling. Several assay results showed the strong antioxidant activity of LACCE in response to UVB treatment.

Cytoplasmic Restriction of Mutated SOD1 Impairs the DNA Repair Process in Spinal Cord Neurons.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) caused by mutation of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), affects various cellular processes and results in the death of motor neurons with fatal defects. Currently, several neurological disorders associated with DNA damage are known to directly induce neurodegenerative diseases. In this research, we found that cytoplasmic restriction of SOD1G93A, which inhibited the nucleic translocation of SOD1WT, was directly related to increasing DNA damage in SOD1- mutated ALS disease.

Synergistic antioxidant activity of size controllable chitosan-templated Prussian blue nanoparticle.

Prussian blue nanoparticles (PB NPs) have been reported as excellent antioxidant agents owing to their ability to scavenge reactive oxygen species. However, their poor stability limits their use in biomedical applications. In this study, we developed chitosan-templated PB NPs using water-soluble chitosan samples with molecular weights ranging from 3 to 100 kDa, which stabilized the PB NPs and improved their antioxidant activity.

A Novel Peptide, Nicotinyl⁻Isoleucine⁻Valine⁻Histidine (NA⁻IVH), Promotes Antioxidant Gene Expression and Wound Healing in HaCaT Cells.

Nicotinamide (NA), a water-soluble vitamin B₃, has been shown to exert cellular-protective effects against reactive oxygen species (ROS). In order to improve the cellular-protective effects of NA, we synthesized a novel compound, nicotinyl⁻isoleucine⁻valine⁻histidine (NA⁻IVH), by combining NA with jellyfish peptides' IVH. In the present study, we examined the cellular-protective effects of the novel synthetic nicotinyl-peptide, NA⁻IVH.

Insulin Regulates Adrenal Steroidogenesis by Stabilizing SF-1 Activity.

Development of metabolic syndrome is associated with hyperactivity of the HPA axis characterized by elevated levels of circulating adrenal hormones including cortisol and aldosterone. However, the molecular mechanism leading to the dysregulation of the HPA axis is not well elucidated. In this study, we found that insulin regulates adrenal steroidogenesis by increasing the expression and activity of steroidogenic factor 1 (SF-1) both in vitro and in vivo and this insulin effect was partly through inhibition of FoxO1.

Construction and Characterization of Cell-Penetrating Peptide-Fused Fibroblast Growth Factor and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor for an Enhanced Percutaneous Delivery System.

The exogenous administration of growth factors has been examined for treating wounds and such factors serve as cosmetic agents for skin regeneration. However, the topical application of growth factors is hampered by their limited percutaneous absorption. In this study, we genetically modified basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) using a cell-penetrating peptide to facilitate their permeation into skin and to avoid multiple steps in the chemical or physical modification of biomaterials.

4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamic acid regulates orexigenic peptides and hepatic glucose homeostasis through phosphorylation of FoxO1.

4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamic acid (ferulic acid, FA) is known to have numerous beneficial health effects, including anti-obesity and anti-hyperglycemic properties. However, the molecular networks that modulate the beneficial FA-induced metabolic effects have not been well elucidated. In this study, we explored the molecular mechanisms mediating the beneficial metabolic effects of FA.

FoxO1 in dopaminergic neurons regulates energy homeostasis and targets tyrosine hydroxylase.

Dopaminergic (DA) neurons are involved in the integration of neuronal and hormonal signals to regulate food consumption and energy balance. Forkhead transcriptional factor O1 (FoxO1) in the hypothalamus plays a crucial role in mediation of leptin and insulin function. However, the homoeostatic role of FoxO1 in DA system has not been investigated.

Gallic Acid Promotes Wound Healing in Normal and Hyperglucidic Conditions.

Skin is the outermost layer of the human body that is constantly exposed to environmental stressors, such as UV radiation and toxic chemicals, and is susceptible to mechanical wounding and injury. The ability of the skin to repair injuries is paramount for survival and it is disrupted in a spectrum of disorders leading to skin pathologies. Diabetic patients often suffer from chronic, impaired wound healing, which facilitate bacterial infections and necessitate amputation.

Synthesis and optical property characterization of elongated AuPt and Pt@Au metal nanoframes.

We report a facile method to synthesize elongated nanoframes consisting of Pt and Au in solution. Pentagonal Au nanorods served as templates and successfully led to an elongated AuPt nanoframe after etching the core Au. Subsequently, the coating of Au around Pt ridges resulted in Pt@Au metal nanoframes.

Leucine-enkephalin promotes wound repair through the regulation of hemidesmosome dynamics and matrix metalloprotease.

The skin responds to environmental stressors by coordinated actions of neuropeptides and their receptors. An endogenous peptide for δ-opioid receptor (DOPr), Leu-enkephalin (L-ENK), is expressed in the skin and its expression is altered in pathological conditions. Although the importance of DOPr is rapidly gaining recognition, the molecular mechanisms underlying its effects on wound healing are largely undefined.

Anti-Melanogenic Potentials of Nanoparticles from Calli of Resveratrol-Enriched Rice against UVB-Induced Hyperpigmentation in Guinea Pig Skin.

We already reported that genetically engineered resveratrol-enriched rice (RR) showed to down-regulate skin melanogenesis. To be developed to increase the bioactivity of RR using calli from plants, RR was adopted for mass production using plant tissue culture technologies. In addition, high-pressure homogenization (HPH) was used to increase the biocompatibility and penetration of the calli from RR into the skin.

Photocurrent enhancement of SiNW-FETs by integrating protein-shelled CdSe quantum dots.

We proposed a new strategy to increase the photoresponsivity of silicon NW field-effect transistors (FETs) by integrating CdSe quantum dots (QDs) using protein shells (PSs). CdSe QDs were synthesized using ClpP, a bacterial protease, as protein shells to control the size and stability of QD and to facilitate the mounting of QDs on SiNWs. The photocurrent of SiNW-FETs in response to light at a wavelength of 480 nm was enhanced by a factor of 6.

Mycosporine-Like Amino Acids Promote Wound Healing through Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK) and Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (MAP Kinases) Signaling Pathway in Keratinocytes.

Mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) are secondary metabolites found in diverse marine, freshwater, and terrestrial organisms. Evidence suggests that MAAs have several beneficial effects on skin homeostasis such as protection against UV radiation and reactive oxygen species (ROS). In addition, MAAs are also involved in the modulation of skin fibroblasts proliferation.

Wound Healing Effects of Rose Placenta in a Mouse Model of Full-Thickness Wounds.

Background: Rosa damascena, a type of herb, has been used for wound healing in Eastern folk medicine. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of rose placenta from R. damascena in a full-thickness wound model in mice.