Sex and Gender Considerations in Orthopaedic Research: Existing Barriers, What's Needed by Institutions and Research Departments, and How to Guide Junior Investigators and Faculty.

JBJS convened a symposium to discuss the reporting of sex and gender in research studies as an imperative to improve research methods and results to benefit all patients. Barriers to improved reporting include a lack of societal and cultural acceptance of its need; a lack of education regarding appropriate terminology and appropriate statistical methods and efficient study designs; a need for increased research funding to support larger group sizes; unknown concordance of cell and animal models with humans to reflect biologic variables such as sex; and a lack of understanding of key considerations of gender, race, and other social determinants of health and how these factors intersect. Attention to developing and disseminating best-practice statistical methods and to educating investigators (at all career levels), reviewers, funders, editors, and staff in their proper implementation will aid reporting.

SDMPH 10-year Anniversary Conference Modified Delphi Study.

Objectives: The SDMPH 10-year anniversary conference created an opportunity for a researcher to present at a professional association conference to advance their research by seeking consensus of statements using Delphi methodology.

Methods: Conference attendees and SDMPH members who did not attend the conference were identified as Delphi experts. Experts rated their agreement of each statement on a 7- point linear numeric scale.

Electronic health record data analysis on the impact of rescue-triggered inhaled corticosteroids on controller therapy in Black and Latinx individuals from a pragmatic, open-label, patient-level randomised trial.

Objective: The Person Empowered Asthma Relief (PREPARE) study found that as-needed inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) supplementation combined with participants' usual controller and rescue therapy reduced asthma exacerbations for Black and Hispanic/Latinx individuals. We aimed to determine whether treatment assignment to the intervention group (Patient Activated Reliever-Triggered ICS (PARTICS)) versus the control group (usual care) influenced controller therapy based on clinicians' written prescriptions.

Design: Secondary data analysis of electronic health record data of a pragmatic, open-label, patient-level randomised trial.

ChatGPT-4 Omni Performance in USMLE Disciplines and Clinical Skills: Comparative Analysis.

Background: Recent studies, including those by the National Board of Medical Examiners, have highlighted the remarkable capabilities of recent large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT in passing the United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE). However, there is a gap in detailed analysis of LLM performance in specific medical content areas, thus limiting an assessment of their potential utility in medical education.

Objective: This study aimed to assess and compare the accuracy of successive ChatGPT versions (GPT-3.

Cadherin 16 promotes sensory gating via the endocrine corpuscles of Stannius.

Sensory thresholds enable animals to regulate their behavioral responses to environmental threats. Despite the importance of sensory thresholds for animal behavior and human health, we do not yet have a full appreciation of the underlying molecular-genetic and circuit mechanisms. The larval zebrafish acoustic startle response provides a powerful system to identify molecular mechanisms underlying establishment of sensory thresholds and plasticity of thresholds through mechanisms like habituation.

Review of the Influences of Sex Differences on Health and Disease: What Is the Role of Journals?

➢ Sex-based differences are understudied, which has potential consequences for the health of everyone.➢ Women's health is particularly affected given a lack of sex-specific data across many disease states.➢ Journals do not consistently require the inclusion of both sexes and the disaggregation of data by sex in cell, animal model, and human studies.

Child life specialists predict successful MRI scanning in unsedated children 4 to 12 years old.

Background: It can be challenging for children to cooperate for a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) exam. General anesthesia is often used to ensure a high-quality image. When determining the need for general anesthesia, many institutions use a simple age cutoff.

Improving Identification of Patients Experiencing Homelessness in the Electronic Health Record: A Curated Registry Approach.

Background: Identification of persons experiencing homelessness (PEH) within healthcare systems is critical to facilitate patient and population-level interventions to address health inequities.

Objective: We created an enhanced electronic health record (EHR) registry to improve identification of PEH within a safety net healthcare system.

Design: We compared patients identified as experiencing homelessness in 2021, stratified by method of identification (i.

Critical Analysis of ChatGPT 4 Omni in USMLE Disciplines, Clinical Clerkships, and Clinical Skills.

Background: Recent studies, including those by the National Board of Medical Examiners (NBME), have highlighted the remarkable capabilities of recent large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT in passing the United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE). However, there is a gap in detailed analysis of these models' performance in specific medical content areas, thus limiting an assessment of their potential utility for medical education.

Objective: To assess and compare the accuracy of successive ChatGPT versions (GPT-3.

Stress increases sperm respiration and motility in mice and men.

Semen quality and fertility has declined over the last 50 years, corresponding to ever-increasing environmental stressors. However, the cellular mechanisms involved and their impact on sperm functions remain unknown. In a repeated sampling human cohort study, we identify a significant effect of prior perceived stress to increase sperm motility 2-3 months following stress, timing that expands upon our previous studies revealing significant stress-associated changes in sperm RNA important for fertility.

Exploratory qualitative study of firearm storage practices among surgeons in the USA: contexts and motivations.

Background: A US survey of surgeons found that 32% store firearms unlocked and loaded. This study explored conditions and contexts impacting personal firearm storage methods among surgeons.

Methods: We conducted semi-structured interviews with English-speaking fellows of the American College of Surgeons who treated patients injured by firearms and who owned or lived in homes with firearms.

Non-canonical metabolic and molecular effects of calorie restriction are revealed by varying temporal conditions.

Calorie restriction (CR) extends lifespan and healthspan in diverse species. Comparing ad libitum- and CR-fed mice is challenging due to their significantly different feeding patterns, with CR-fed mice consuming their daily meal in 2 h and then subjecting themselves to a prolonged daily fast. Here, we examine how ad libitum- and CR-fed mice respond to tests performed at various times and fasting durations and find that the effects of CR-insulin sensitivity, circulating metabolite levels, and mechanistic target of rapamycin 1 (mTORC1) activity-result from the specific temporal conditions chosen, with CR-induced improvements in insulin sensitivity observed only after a prolonged fast, and the observed differences in mTORC1 activity between ad libitum- and CR-fed mice dependent upon both fasting duration and the specific tissue examined.

Expectant Casualty Care Training Needs for Future Conflicts.

Introduct Ion: The demands of future large-scale combat operations may require medics and corpsmen to increasingly perform expectant casualty care (ECC). However, no detailed guidelines currently exist for providing ECC within military medicine. To guide the development of education and training guidelines and advance team training of both medics and non-medics, an in-depth understanding is first needed regarding caregivers' experiences providing ECC in recent conflicts as well as perceived training gaps.

Meeting the Health Needs of Society Through Curricular Innovation in Physical Therapist Education: Examples From 3 Entry-Level Programs.

Background And Purpose: Entry-level physical therapist (PT) education programs play a critical role in inspiring future leaders to become moral change agents, capable of understanding and addressing evolving societal health needs. Social reconstructionism represents an educational philosophy focused on alleviating pervasive inequities and improving the health of society; however, its application in PT education is not well understood. The purpose of this article is to describe the approach 3 entry-level PT programs used to manifest social reconstructionism within their curricula to foster social consciousness and strengthen moral agency.

Cranial bone thickness and density anomalies quantified from CT images can identify chronic increased intracranial pressure.

Purpose: The diagnosis of chronic increased intracranial pressure (IIP)is often based on subjective evaluation or clinical metrics with low predictive value. We aimed to quantify cranial bone changes associated with pediatric IIP using CT images and to identify patients at risk.

Methods: We retrospectively quantified local cranial bone thickness and mineral density from the CT images of children with chronic IIP and compared their statistical differences to normative children without IIP adjusting for age, sex and image resolution.

Supporting Teams with Designing for Dissemination and Sustainability: the Design, Development, and Usability of a Digital Interactive Platform.

Background: The use of Designing for Dissemination and Sustainability (D4DS) principles and methods can support the development of research products (interventions, tools, findings) to match well with the needs and context of the intended audience and setting. D4DS principles and methods are not well-known or used during clinical and public health research; research teams would benefit from applying D4DS. This paper presents the development of a new digital platform for teams to learn and apply a D4DS process to their work.

infective endocarditis complicated by multiorgan septic emboli.

Infective endocarditis (IE) caused by is a rare but serious condition if not diagnosed and treated promptly. In this article, we describe a patient with IE who initially presented with non-specific symptoms but subsequently developed multiple sequelae of IE. The diagnosis of IE was made based on clinical, echocardiographic, radiological and microbiological findings.