928 results match your criteria: "Annual review of nutrition[Journal]"

Decoding the Foodome: Molecular Networks Connecting Diet and Health.

Annu Rev Nutr

August 2024

Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; email:

Diet, a modifiable risk factor, plays a pivotal role in most diseases, from cardiovascular disease to type 2 diabetes mellitus, cancer, and obesity. However, our understanding of the mechanistic role of the chemical compounds found in food remains incomplete. In this review, we explore the "dark matter" of nutrition, going beyond the macro- and micronutrients documented by national databases to unveil the exceptional chemical diversity of food composition.

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Article Synopsis
  • * Despite the importance of micronutrients, there is still a gap in understanding their molecular effects and how to effectively assess deficiencies in populations.
  • * Advances in technologies like genomics and metabolomics provide a unique opportunity to connect micronutrient exposure to cellular health, leading to new strategies for preventing deficiencies and promoting collaborative research across different scientific fields.
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Cancer cachexia is a complex systemic wasting syndrome. Nutritional mechanisms that span energy intake, nutrient metabolism, body composition, and energy balance may be impacted by, and may contribute to, the development of cachexia. To date, clinical management of cachexia remains elusive.

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Over the last decades, surgical complication rates have fallen drastically. With the introduction of new surgical techniques coupled with specific evidence-based perioperative care protocols, patients today run half the risk of complications compared with traditional care. Many patients who in previous years needed weeks of hospital care now recover and can leave in days.

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Sugar-Sweetened Beverages and Adverse Human Health Outcomes: An Umbrella Review of Meta-Analyses of Observational Studies.

Annu Rev Nutr

August 2024

Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Food & Mood Centre, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Barwon Health, Geelong, Victoria, Australia;

Our aim was to conduct an umbrella review of evidence from meta-analyses of observational studies investigating the link between sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and human health outcomes. Using predefined evidence classification criteria, we evaluated evidence from 47 meta-analyses encompassing 22,055,269 individuals. Overall, 79% of these analyses indicated direct associations between greater sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and higher risks of adverse health outcomes.

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A seminal report, released in 2001 by the Institute of Medicine, spurred research on the design, implementation, and evaluation of multilevel interventions targeting obesity and related behaviors. By addressing social and environmental factors that support positive health behavior change, interventions that include multiple levels of influence (e.g.

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Nutrition labeling on the front of food packages can support more healthful purchase decisions and encourage favorable reformulation. This systematic literature review applied Cochrane methods to synthesize and appraise the evidence on the effectiveness of front-of-pack labeling (FOPL) on diet-related outcomes and food reformulation to inform policy recommendations. The search was conducted on 11 academic and gray literature databases, from inception to July 2022.

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Nutrition labeling supports healthier diets by aiding purchase decisions and stimulating reformulation. This systematic literature review applied Cochrane methods to synthesize and appraise evidence on the effectiveness of nutrient declarations and nutrition and health claims on diet-related outcomes. The search spanned 11 academic databases, from inception to July 2022.

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Eating Around the Clock: Circadian Rhythms of Eating and Metabolism.

Annu Rev Nutr

August 2024

Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA; email:

The time of day that we eat is increasingly recognized as contributing as importantly to overall health as the amount or quality of the food we eat. The endogenous circadian clock has evolved to promote intake at optimal times when an organism is intended to be awake and active, but electric lights and abundant food allow eating around the clock with deleterious health outcomes. In this review, we highlight literature pertaining to the effects of food timing on health, beginning with animal models and then translation into human experiments.

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Article Synopsis
  • * However, it can lead to significant health risks, including nutritional deficiencies and gastrointestinal complications like malabsorption and dumping syndrome.
  • * Effective management and patient compliance with dietary and supplementation guidelines are crucial for achieving successful weight loss and minimizing complications, especially in specific populations like adolescents and pregnant individuals.
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Humans require energy to sustain their daily activities throughout their lives. This narrative review aims to () summarize principles and methods for studying human energy expenditure, () discuss the main determinants of energy expenditure, and () discuss the changes in energy expenditure throughout the human life course. Total daily energy expenditure is mainly composed of resting energy expenditure, physical activity energy expenditure, and the thermic effect of food.

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Nutrition, Other Environmental Influences, and Genetics in the Determination of Human Stature.

Annu Rev Nutr

August 2024

Center for Human Nutrition, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; email:

Linear growth during three distinct stages of life determines attained stature in adulthood: namely, in utero, early postnatal life, and puberty and the adolescent period. Individual host factors, genetics, and the environment, including nutrition, influence attained human stature. Each period of physical growth has its specific biological and environmental considerations.

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Approximately five million children die each year from preventable causes, including respiratory infections, diarrhea, and malaria. Roughly half of those deaths are attributable to undernutrition, including micronutrient deficiencies (MNDs). The influence of infection on micronutrient status is well established: The inflammatory response to pathogens triggers anorexia, while pathogens and the immune response can both alter nutrient absorption and cause nutrient losses.

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Does Maternal Diet Influence Future Infant Taste and Odor Preferences? A Critical Analysis.

Annu Rev Nutr

August 2024

Department of Psychological Sciences, William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia, USA; email:

The dietary choices a mother makes during pregnancy offer her developing fetus its earliest exposure to the family's culinary preferences. This comprehensive literature review synthesizes five decades of research, which has provided valuable insights into fetal flavor learning. Converging evidence across various species supports the functionality of fetal chemoreceptive systems by the end of gestation, enabling the detection of an extensive array of chemosensory cues derived from the maternal diet and transmitted to the amniotic fluid.

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Adverse Food Reactions: Physiological and Ecological Perspectives.

Annu Rev Nutr

August 2024

Tananbaum Center for Theoretical and Analytical Human Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.

While food is essential for survival, it can also cause a variety of harmful effects, ranging from intolerance to specific nutrients to celiac disease and food allergies. In addition to nutrients, foods contain myriads of substances that can have either beneficial or detrimental effects on the animals consuming them. Consequently, all animals evolved defense mechanisms that protect them from harmful food components.

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Helminth Infections and Diabetes: Mechanisms Accounting for Risk Amelioration.

Annu Rev Nutr

August 2024

Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

The global prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is increasing rapidly, with an anticipated 600 million cases by 2035. While infectious diseases such as helminth infections have decreased due to improved sanitation and health care, recent research suggests a link between helminth infections and T2D, with helminths such as , , , and potentially mitigating or slowing down T2D progression in human and animal models. Helminth infections enhance host immunity by promoting interactions between innate and adaptive immune systems.

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Biosynthesis and Metabolism of ApoB-Containing Lipoproteins.

Annu Rev Nutr

August 2024

Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.

Recent advances in human genetics, together with a substantial body of epidemiological, preclinical and clinical trial evidence, strongly support a causal relationship between triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRLs) and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Consequently, the secretion and metabolism of TRLs have a significant impact on cardiovascular health. This knowledge underscores the importance of understanding the molecular mechanisms and regulation of very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and chylomicron biogenesis.

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Food and nonalcoholic beverage marketing is implicated in poor diet and obesity in children. The rapid growth and proliferation of digital marketing has resulted in dramatic changes to advertising practices and children's exposure. The constantly evolving and data-driven nature of digital food marketing presents substantial challenges for researchers seeking to quantify the impact on children and for policymakers tasked with designing and implementing restrictive policies.

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A Black American Nutrition Scholar and Advocate: My Journey.

Annu Rev Nutr

August 2024

Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA;

I started my journey as a nutrition scholar in 1974 when I began PhD studies at Cornell University. My journey has been rich with opportunity. I engaged in research on diet-related risks for cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and cancer, partly motivated by my strong commitment to addressing health disparities affecting Black Americans.

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Precision Nutrition: The Hype Is Exceeding the Science and Evidentiary Standards Needed to Inform Public Health Recommendations for Prevention of Chronic Disease.

Annu Rev Nutr

August 2023

Institute for Advancing Health through Agriculture and Department of Nutrition Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA; email:

As dietary guidance for populations shifts from preventing deficiency disorders to chronic disease risk reduction, the biology supporting such guidance becomes more complex due to the multifactorial risk profile of disease and inherent population heterogeneity in the diet-disease relationship. Diet is a primary driver of chronic disease risk, and population-based guidance should account for individual responses. Cascading effects on evidentiary standards for population-based guidance are not straightforward.

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Article Synopsis
  • The prenatal and early postnatal periods are crucial for brain and gut microbiota development, with nutrition playing a key role in influencing these changes.
  • The relationship between gut microbiota and the brain, known as the microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA), has led to increased interest in how nutritional interventions during these times might affect neurodevelopmental outcomes.
  • Current research suggests that specific nutrients could positively impact the MGBA, potentially preventing or treating neuropsychiatric disorders and highlighting the need for personalized nutrition strategies throughout early life stages.
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Osteocalcin: A Multifaceted Bone-Derived Hormone.

Annu Rev Nutr

August 2023

Departments of Genetics and Development, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA; email:

Together, loss- and gain-of-function experiments have identified the bone-derived secreted molecule osteocalcin as a hormone with a broad reach in rodents and primates. Following its binding to one of three receptors, osteocalcin exerts a profound influence on various aspects of energy metabolism as well as steroidogenesis, neurotransmitter biosynthesis and thereby male fertility, electrolyte homeostasis, cognition, the acute stress response, and exercise capacity. Although this review focuses mostly on the regulation of energy metabolism by osteocalcin, it also touches on its other functions.

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Causes and Clinical Sequelae of Riboflavin Deficiency.

Annu Rev Nutr

August 2023

The Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland; email:

Riboflavin, in its cofactor forms flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and flavin mononucleotide (FMN), plays fundamental roles in energy metabolism, cellular antioxidant potential, and metabolic interactions with other micronutrients, including iron, vitamin B, and folate. Severe riboflavin deficiency, largely confined to low-income countries, clinically manifests as cheilosis, angular stomatitis, glossitis, seborrheic dermatitis, and severe anemia with erythroid hypoplasia. Subclinical deficiency may be much more widespread, including in high-income countries, but typically goes undetected because riboflavin biomarkers are rarely measured in human studies.

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The Placenta: A Maternofetal Interface.

Annu Rev Nutr

August 2023

Division of Nutritional Sciences, College of Human Ecology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA; email:

The placenta is the gatekeeper between the mother and the fetus. Over the first trimester of pregnancy, the fetus is nourished by uterine gland secretions in a process known as histiotrophic nutrition. During the second trimester of pregnancy, placentation has evolved to the point at which nutrients are delivered to the placenta via maternal blood (hemotrophic nutrition).

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