Effects of the Ketogenic Diet on Microbiota Composition and Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Women with Overweight/Obesity.

: The ketogenic diet (KD) is a dietary model that can impact metabolic health and microbiota and has been widely discussed in recent years. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a 6-week KD on biochemical parameters, gut microbiota, and fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in women with overweight/obesity. : Overall, 15 women aged 26-46 years were included in this study.

Association Between Baseline and Changes in Early Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio on Survival in Patients with Metastatic Bladder Carcinoma Treated with Immunotherapy.

: A high baseline neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a poor prognostic factor in various cancers. However, its predictive role in metastatic bladder cancer (mBC) treated with immunotherapy is unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between the baseline and change in NLR and overall survival in mBC patients treated with immunotherapy, with the potential to significantly impact patient care.

Prognostic Implications and Predictors of Mitral Regurgitancy Reduction After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation.

: Mitral regurgitation (MR) is a common condition observed in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) for the treatment of aortic stenosis (AS). However, the impact of TAVI on MR outcomes and the factors predicting MR improvement remains uncertain. Understanding these predictors can enhance patient management and guide clinical decisions.

Early Prediction of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Insulin Therapy Requirement Using First-Trimester PAPP-A and Free β-hCG MoMs Levels: A Retrospective Case-Control Study.

To evaluate the association between gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), including insulin-dependent GDM with pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) multiples of the median (MoM) and free beta human chorionic gonadotropin (free β-hCG) MoM levels, and to assess their potential as predictive risk factors. This retrospective study included 2588 women with singleton pregnancies who underwent combined first-trimester screening, along with the 50 g glucose challenge test (GCT) and a 100 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) between 24 and 28 weeks of gestation. Patients were initially divided into four groups based on the glucose screening results, and PAPP-A and free β-hCG MoMs were compared between these groups.

Impact of Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio on Stroke Severity and Clinical Outcome in Anterior Circulation Large Vessel Occlusion Stroke.

The prognostic value of the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in ischemic stroke remains debated due to cohort variability and treatment heterogeneity across studies. This study evaluates the relationship between admission NLR, stroke severity and 90-day outcomes in patients with anterior circulation large vessel occlusion (LVO) undergoing early, successful revascularization. A retrospective multicenter study was conducted with 1082 patients treated with mechanical thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke.

Aneurysm Formation at the Internal Carotid Artery Bifurcation Is Related to the Vascular Geometry of the Bifurcation.

Background: In this study, we aimed to comparatively evaluate the morphology of internal carotid artery (ICA) bifurcations with and without aneurysms and identify risk factors for aneurysm development that are associated with the bifurcation geometry.

Method: In this two-center study, the computerized tomography angiography data of 1512 patients were evaluated. The study included 64 (4.

A Comparative Study on the Clinical Outcomes of Bipolar Radiofrequency Thermotherapy Versus Transurethral Resection of the Prostate in Storage Symptoms Associated With Benign Prostatic Obstruction.

Purpose: The aim of the study was to compare the results of radiofrequency (RF) thermotherapy and transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) in patients who required benign prostatic obstruction (BPO) surgery and had storage symptoms.

Methods: The results of patients who had undergone TURP and RF thermotherapy procedures between December 2019 and 2022 were compared before and after the procedure. Patients' International Prostate Symptom Scores, maximum flow rate (Qmax), postvoiding residues, and overactive bladder validated 8 scores (OAB-V8) at 3 and 6 months were analyzed.

Renal scarring in children with febrile urinary tract infection.

Objective: The authors aim to evaluate characteristics of children with fUTI and results of renal bladder ultrasonography (RBUS) and late dimercaptosuccinicacid (DMSA) scan.

Methods: This study is designed as retrospective analysis of RBUS and DMSA reports of children with fUTI. Age, gender, number of fUTI, presence of constipation and vesicouretheral reflux (VUR) were recorded.

More injury stoppage time in women compared to men in elite level football tournaments: Retrospective comparison of match injuries in 2018 FIFA Men's World Cup and 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup.

To identify the incidence of injury time-out due to field injuries in highest level professional football (soccer) international tournaments and to compare the features of these incidents between men's and women's football. The incidence of stoppage time due to incidents and the resulting injury characteristics of professional football players participating in the 2018 FIFA Men's World Cup (MWC) in Russia and the 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup (WWC) in France were examined retrospectively through video analysis. In the 2018 MWC, a total of 123 injury time-outs with 132 treatments occurred in 64 matches, while in the 2019 WWC, 142 incidents with 150 injured players were recorded in 52 matches.

Celiac Disease in Social Media: Content analysis of YouTube videos.

Background: YouTube is an increasingly used platform for medical information. However, the reliability and validity of health-related information on celiac disease (CD) on YouTube has not been determined.

Objective: The aim of this study was to analyse the reliability and validity of CD-related YouTube videos.

Echocardiographic Evaluation of the Effect of Long-Term Methylphenidate Use on Cardiovascular Functions.

Objective: ADHD is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders, seen in children and adolescents, and is often treated with various pharmacological agents, especially methylphenidate. There are differing opinions in the literature regarding the cardiovascular safety of long-term methylphenidate use. Studies suggest that the drug may increase the risk of hypertension, myocardial infarction, ventricular arrhythmia, sudden cardiac death, cardiomyopathy, heart failure (HF), pulmonary hypertension, and stroke.

Ambulatory blood pressure profiles of children with asthma compared to healthy controls.

Background: Studies suggest that asthma and hypertension may be comorbid conditions. Most of these studies are epidemiological research. However, data on the relationship between asthma and hypertension in childhood are limited.

Thalamo-insular cortex connections in the rat and human.

The insular cortex (ICx) has a role in large a variety of functions. Thalamus plays an important role in modulating cortical functions. The present study aims to show thalamic-ICx connections using the fluoro-gold (FG) tracing method in rats and diffusion tensoring-based tractography (DTI) in humans.

De-Escalation of Nodal Surgery in Clinically Node-Positive Breast Cancer.

Importance: Increasing evidence supports the oncologic safety of de-escalating axillary surgery for patients with breast cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC).

Objective: To evaluate the oncologic outcomes of de-escalating axillary surgery among patients with clinically node (cN)-positive breast cancer and patients whose disease became cN negative after NAC (ycN negative).

Design, Setting, And Participants: In the NEOSENTITURK MF-1803 prospective cohort registry trial, patients from 37 centers with cT1-4N1-3M0 disease treated with sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) or targeted axillary dissection (TAD) alone or with ypN-negative or ypN-positive disease after NAC were recruited between February 15, 2019, and January 1, 2023, and evaluated.

[Investigation of Resistance Nodulation Division (RND) Efflux Pump and OPRD Expression Levels in Antibiotic Resistance of Clinical Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates].

The increasing antibiotic resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, responsible for both community-acquired and hospital-acquired infections, is of global significance. The primary mechanisms contributing to resistance development in P.aeruginosa include the increased activity of efflux pumps, decreased permeability of outer membrane porins and the production of carbapenemases.

[Multicentric Screening of Local Antibiotic Resistance in Uncomplicated Urinary System Infections: 1850 Patients from 37 Centers].

This study was aimed to identify the most frequently observed pathogens in uncomplicated urinary tract infections from outpatient urinary isolates obtained across seven different geographical regions in Türkiye and to determine whether the antibiotic resistance rates of these pathogens differ significantly between these regions. The study included patients aged 18 to 65 years who were diagnosed with uncomplicated urinary tract infections and had positive urine cultures from March 2021 to August 2022, across 37 different centers in Türkiye. The participating centers were selected based on their use of the disk diffusion method, in line with the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) guidelines, to ensure standardization of urine culture data.

Nd:YAG Laser Application for the Treatment of Retained Lens Fragment in the Anterior Chamber Following Cataract Surgery.

Cataract surgery is the most frequently performed surgery worldwide. Although it is an effective surgical treatment option for improving patients' visual acuity, various complications can occur postoperatively. One such complication is the presence of retained lens material in the anterior chamber, which can lead to intraocular inflammation, increased intraocular pressure, corneal edema, and endothelial cell loss.

The Efficacy of Adalimumab Treatment in Pediatric Non-Infectious Uveitis: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Objectives: To evaluate the clinical features of pediatric non-infectious uveitis (NIU) patients treated with adalimumab (ADA) and the efficacy of ADA in patients unresponsive to conventional immunosuppressive therapy.

Materials And Methods: The records of 91 NIU patients aged ≤16 years who received ADA therapy were evaluated retrospectively. The patients' demographic and clinical characteristics and treatment approaches were recorded.

The psychometric properties of the Four Square Step Test in older adults with mild cognitive impairment.

Purpose: The study aimed to determine the test-retest, interrater, and minimum detectable change, concurrent and known-groups validity in older adults with mild cognitive impairment. Minimal detectable change values are the degree of change needed to exceed a measurement's error within a confidence limit.

Methods: A total of 46 older adults with mild cognitive impairment and 34 healthy controls were included.

Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratios and systemic immune-inflammation index in patients with post-traumatic stress disorder.

Background: Low-grade systemic inflammation has been reported in many psychiatric diseases and is described as a non-severe state of the inflammatory response. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a chronic psychiatric disorder characterized by symptoms of avoidance, re-experiencing and hyperarousal that develop secondary to a serious traumatic event. The trauma itself creates psychological and biological changes in the individual, apart from PTSD.

Association of disability, walking, manual dexterity, and quality of life with sexual dysfunction in multiple sclerosis patients.

Background/objective: This study aims to examine the relationship between sexual dysfunction and walking ability, manual dexterity, disability, and quality of life in patients with multiple sclerosis.

Methods: 51 sexually active MS patients (28 females and 23 males) participated in the study. Demographic data were recorded for all patients.

Iloprost-Loaded Electrospun Polycaprolactone/Gelatin Membranes for Enhanced Healing of Colon Anastomosis.

Despite the variety of proposed solutions, anastomotic leakage is still a critical complication after colorectal surgery, which causes increased clinical mortality and morbidity. By enhancing microcirculation in the colonic mucosa, the use of Iloprost (Ilo) has shown promising results for the healing of anastomosis. The purpose of this study is to examine the performance of Ilo-impregnated Polycaprolactone:Gelatin electrospun membranes (PCL/Gel/Ilo) on anastomosis repair and intra-abdominal adhesion behavior in the Rat colon.

Activity of CDK4/6 inhibitors and parameters affecting survival in elderly patients in age-subgroups: Turkish Oncology Group (TOG) retrospective study.

Highly selective inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 (CDK4/6is) have emerged as a standart of care for first- and second-line therapies in combination with endocrine therapy (ET) for HR+/HER2- metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients. It has been reported that combination therapy is more effective than ET alone and is safe in elderly patients as well as young patients. Nevertheless, elderly and very old patients with HR+/HER2-MBC treated with CDK4/6 inhibitor (CDK4/6i) combinations are relatively underrepresented in randomized controlled trials.

Evaluation of the effects of thyroid functions on frailty in geriatric patients using the Edmonton, SOF and FRAIL Scales.

Unlabelled: BACKGROUND AND RATIONALE: Thyroid dysfunction in older adults often mimics the signs of aging, impacting metabolism and overall physiological balance. While age-related chronic conditions have been extensively studied, the relationship between thyroid function and frailty remains underexplored.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of thyroid dysfunction on frailty among individuals aged 65 years and older.