1,175 results match your criteria: "Anisocoria"
Eur Stroke J
June 2024
Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Introduction: Malignant middle cerebral artery infarction (MCI) needs rapid intervention. This study aimed to enhance the prediction of MCI using computed tomography perfusion (CTP) with varied quantitative benchmarks.
Materials And Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 253 patients from a single-center registry presenting with acute, severe, proximal large vessel occlusion studied with whole-brain CTP imaging at hospital arrival within the first 24 h of symptoms-onset.
Neth Heart J
August 2024
Department of Cardiology, Thorax Centrum Twente, Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.
Int J Neurosci
May 2024
Second Department of Neurosurgery, Ippokratio General Hospital, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
Purpose: Tension pneumocephalus (TP) represents a rare pathology characterized by constant accumulation of air in the intracranial space, being associated with increased risk of herniation, neurologic deterioration and death. Regarding neurosurgical trauma cases, TP is majorly encountered after chronic subdural hematoma evacuation. In this case report, we present a rare case of fatal postoperative TP encountered after craniotomy for evacuation of acute subdural hematoma (aSDH).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeurology
May 2024
From the Department of Neurology (J.H., C.V., J.V., M.U.F., C.W.I.); Department of Neurosurgery (V.N., E.K.); Department of Neuroradiology (S.W., M.P.), University Hospital Wuerzburg, Germany; and Center for Brain Circuit Therapeutics (M.U.F.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
Pupillary assessment is a quintessential part of the clinical examination in neuro-intensive care patients because it provides insight into the integrity of midbrain reflex arcs. Abnormal pupils, particularly anisocoria and later bilateral fixed mydriasis, are classically used to assess expansive intracranial processes because they are frequently considered early indicators of transtentorial midbrain compression due to elevated intracranial pressure. Complex ocular motor deficits mapping to the midbrain are rarely described in the setting of high transtentorial pressure.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCureus
March 2024
Neurology and Ophthalmology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, USA.
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) can cause follicular conjunctivitis, keratitis, oculoglandular syndrome, meningitis, and encephalitis. We report a 54-year-old Hispanic male who presented with right pupil-involved complete ophthalmoplegia, orbital and masticatory muscle inflammation, trigeminal enhancement, and new corneal infiltrate highly suggestive of EBV. Labwork was negative except for positive EBV polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in serum.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCureus
March 2024
Ophthalmology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário São João, Porto, PRT.
Unilateral pharmacologic mydriasis is one of the differential diagnoses of anisocoria. This is a clinical case of a 37-year-old male patient admitted to the ophthalmology emergency department with unilateral mydriasis, an infrequent side effect of the antihistaminic drug azelastine. A comprehensive medical history including ocular medication was essential to avoid the need for additional tests and to exclude life-threatening conditions responsible for a similar presentation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Family Med Prim Care
February 2024
Gainesville Ophthalmology, Florida, United States.
The differential diagnosis for anisocoria is broad and ranges from benign to life-threatening causes. Often, patients with new onset anisocoria present to their primary care physician, an urgent care center, or an emergency room. As such, it is important for non-ophthalmologist physicians to be familiar with its common causes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFActa Neurol Belg
December 2024
Faculty of Medicine, Medical Faculty Student, Bahçeşehir University, 34734, Istanbul, Türkiye.
Background: The article discusses the investigations into the nucleus of Perlia (NP), a spindle-shaped nucleus located in the dorsal aspect of the oculomotor complex. However, there is still debate over its exact location and function, with conflicting findings in nonhuman primates. Therefore, the current study aimed the describe the location, function, clinical and surgical implications of NP.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeurocrit Care
October 2024
Center of Cerebrovascular Disease, Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China.
Background: We aimed to investigate the associations of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), toll-like receptors 2 and 4 (TLR2/4), and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) with 3-month poor outcome, death, and malignant cerebral edema (MCE) in patients with large hemispheric infarction (LHI).
Methods: Patients with LHI within 24 h of onset were enrolled consecutively. Serum MIF, TLR2/4, and MMP9 concentrations on admission were measured.
J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad
February 2024
Department of Emergency, Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad, Pakistan.
Background: Epidural hematoma is one of the most common surgical emergencies encountered in neurosurgery. This study was conducted to determine the mortality and prognostic factors in patients operated for traumatic intracranial epidural hematoma in a resource-constrained setting from a developing country.
Methods: This retrospective study was conducted in the Department of Neurosurgery at Ayub Teaching Hospital Abbottabad from 1st January 2019 to 31st Dec 2021.
Oxf Med Case Reports
February 2024
Independent researcher, Shiraz, Iran.
Glanzmann thrombasthenia (GT) is a rare platelet disorder characterized by qualitative/quantitative deficiencies of the platelets' fibrinogen receptor, glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa complex, resulting in impaired platelet aggregation and increased bleeding time. Most cases are hereditary with an autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance, but acquired GT also occurs. We report the surgical management of symptomatic chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH), a rare condition in young individuals, in a 37-year-old man who had GT and a history of mild head trauma approximately one month before admission.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ AAPOS
April 2024
Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida. Electronic address:
Craniosynostosis, the premature fusion of cranial sutures, can lead to distortion of skull shape and neurological dysfunction. We present a novel case of Horner syndrome as the presenting sign of craniosynostosis associated with elevated intracranial pressure. A 10-year-old boy presenting for strabismus follow-up was noted to have new-onset anisocoria, greater in the dark, and mild right upper eyelid ptosis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeuroophthalmology
February 2024
Department of Ophthalmology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA.
Anisocoria is a common finding in ophthalmic clinical practice. History taking and examination is critical in appropriately diagnosing and managing anisocoria, as the differential can be extensive ranging from benign to life-threatening entities. This case discusses the presentation of a 22-year-old female with a history of myopia and hyperhidrosis who presented with pharmacologic anisocoria which was presumed to be from inadvertent topical exposure to conventional glycopyrrolate tablets.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeuroophthalmology
February 2024
Ophthalmology Department, Hospital Pedro Hispano, Unidade Local de Saúde de Matosinhos, Matosinhos, Portugal.
Benign episodic mydriasis is a form of anisocoria that is characterised by isolated, episodic, and sporadic mydriasis, in the absence of accompanying neurological or systemic signs or symptoms. The diagnosis is established after other causes of anisocoria have been excluded. The purpose of this case report is to describe a case of benign episodic mydriasis of her right pupil in a 23-year-old female patient.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeurocrit Care
August 2024
Neuroscience Institute, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia.
The neurological examination has remained key for the detection of worsening in neurocritical care patients, particularly after traumatic brain injury (TBI). New-onset, unreactive anisocoria frequently occurs in such situations, triggering aggressive diagnostic and therapeutic measures to address life-threatening elevations in intracranial pressure (ICP). As such, the field needs objective, unbiased, portable, and reliable methods for quickly assessing such pupillary changes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOper Neurosurg (Hagerstown)
February 2024
Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Background And Objectives: Nonhuman primates (NHPs) are important preclinical models for evaluating therapeutics because of their anatomophysiological similarities to humans, and can be especially useful for testing new delivery targets. With the growing promise of cell and gene therapies for the treatment of neurological diseases, it is important to ensure the accurate and safe delivery of these agents to target structures in the brain. However, a standard guideline or method has not been developed for stereotactic targeting in NHPs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIndian J Ophthalmol
February 2024
Medical Retina and Vitreoretinal Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburg, PA, USA.
Acta Neurol Belg
August 2024
Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, Kolkata, 700017, India.
Case Rep Ophthalmol
January 2024
Department of Ophthalmology, CHU St-Pierre, Brussels, Belgium.
Introduction: The most frequently encountered symptoms in internal carotid artery dissection (ICAD) are head or neck pain and cerebral ischemia. Ocular symptoms or signs have been reported as the presenting feature in up to 50% of patients, with (painful) Horner syndrome being the most frequently associated. Horner syndrome is part of the classic triad that depicts the characteristic presentation of ICAD and that consists of pain in the ipsilateral neck, head and orbital regions, (partial) Horner syndrome, and cerebral or retinal ischemia.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLeg Med (Tokyo)
February 2024
Department of Advanced Biomedical Science-Legal Medicine Section, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy. Electronic address:
We present the case of a 69 years old man who was hit by a car while crossing the road. A CT scan of the skull and brain showed fracture of the left occipital bone, bilateral hemispheric subarachnoid hemorrhage, right frontal-temporal-parietal subdural hematoma with a shift of midline structures of 18 mm and complete obliteration of the third ventricle. He showed signs of anisocoria, absence of mobility of all 4 limbs and was immediately intubated and admitted to intensive care.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMed J Armed Forces India
December 2023
Graded Specialist (Medicine), INHS Kasturi, Lonavla, Maharashtra, India.
A 30-year-old male patient presented to the eye department with complaints of blurring of vision of right eye at distance and near for a duration of 1.5 months. Ocular examination revealed Anisocoria with enlarged pupil in the right eye.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMed J Armed Forces India
December 2023
Assistant Professor (Aerospace & Sub-Aquatic Medical Faculty), Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Hypoxia is an operational concern in military aviation, and fighter pilots should undertake altitude hypoxia training. Anisocoria is a significant clinical dilemma and may remain a diagnostic challenge for specialists. We present a case of atraumatic unilateral mydriasis during hypobaric chamber training.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCureus
November 2023
Department of Neurosurgery, Toyama University Hospital, Toyama, JPN.
Despite the clear benefits of Impella in patients with cardiogenic shock, bleeding is a possible complication. Herein, we report three cases of intracerebral hemorrhage in patients with Impella implantation for cardiogenic shock, which were treated with hematoma evacuation. We present the clinical features, diagnosis, and management (hematoma evacuation) of patients with the Impella device (Abiomed, Danvers, Massachusetts) who developed intracerebral hemorrhage.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnn Med Surg (Lond)
December 2023
Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Tribhuvan University, Institute of Medicine, Maharajgunj, Nepal.
Introduction: Arachnoid cysts are intra-arachnoid lesions filled with cerebrospinal fluid. They account for ~1% of all intracranial mass lesions and are non-neoplastic collections of cerebrospinal fluid within an anomalous arachnoid enclosure.
Case Presentation: The authors report a 35-year-old Arabian male who presented to the ER with a history of sudden loss of consciousness, anisocoria, and right hemiparesis.
Neurotrauma Rep
November 2023
Department of Advanced ThermoNeuroBiology, Yamaguchi Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan.
Use of anticoagulants is increasing with the aging of societies. The safe first-line drug is likely to be a direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC), but outcomes of treatment of traumatic brain injury (TBI) with anticoagulants are uncertain. Therefore, we examined the clinical effect of idarucizumab as reversal therapy in elderly patients with TBI who were treated with dabigatran.
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