Identification of Strains from Animal Cases in Ethiopia and Genetic Characterization by Whole-Genome Sequencing.

Anthrax is a zoonotic disease characterized by rapid onset with usual fatal outcomes in livestock and wildlife. In Ethiopia, anthrax is a persistent disease; however, there are limited data on the isolation and molecular characterization of strains. This study aimed to characterize isolated from animal anthrax outbreaks between 2019 and 2024, from different localities in Ethiopia.

Seroprevalence of and Associated Risk Factors for Bovine Viral Diarrhea in Dairy Cattle in and Around Nekemte Town, East Wallaga, Oromiya Regional State, Ethiopia.

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is an important pathogen affecting dairy cattle all over the world by causing significant economic losses due to reproductive and respiratory problems, immunosuppressive effects, increased risk of morbidity, and calf mortality. A cross-sectional study was conducted from February 2021 to August 2021 to determine the seroprevalence of bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) and identify risk factors associated with its occurrence in and around Nekemte Town of Ethiopia. Blood samples were collected from 305 dairy cattle of 41 herds by using cluster-sampling method.

Prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis and tsetse fly density in the Yem special district: a cross-sectional study.

This study assesses the prevalence of bovine trypanosomes and the density of tsetse flies in the Yem Special District, Southern Ethiopia, highlighting the disease's significant impact on livestock health and agricultural productivity. Conducted between May 2022 and January 2023, the cross-sectional survey analyzed 960 blood samples for trypanosomes prevalence and tsetse fly density. Results revealed a 10.

Seroprevalence of bovine viral diarrhea virus infection and its associated risk factors in dairy cattle in and around Sebeta sub city, Ethiopia.

Bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) is a highly infectious disease affecting cattle, leading to significant economic losses in many countries engaged in cattle production. From February 2022 to October 2022, a study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence and associated risk factors of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) in the Sebeta subcity area of Sheger city, Ethiopia. The study utilized a semi-structured questionnaire to gather information on herd management practices from dairy farm owners.

Vaccine sero-monitoring and sero-surveillance of Peste des petits ruminants in small ruminants in West Gojjam zone, Amhara region, Ethiopia.

Background: Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is an acute or subacute, highly contagious, and economically important, transboundary disease of small ruminants caused by Peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV).

Objectives: The objective of this study was to determine the seroconversion rate in PPR vaccinated flock of sheep (Sekela district) and the seroprevalence of PPRV in unvaccinated flocks of sheep and goats (Yilmanadensa district).

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from January to March 2022 in two selected districts of West Gojjam zone, Ethiopia.

Seropositivity and Associated Risk Factors in Pastoral Livestock System in Northeastern Ethiopia.

Brucellosis is a common zoonotic disease affecting livestock and humans globally. The disease is endemic in Ethiopian livestock. This study was conducted to estimate seropositivity and identify its risk factors in livestock, and practices that may expose pastoralists to the disease.

Seroprevalence and serotype distribution of foot and mouth disease virus and associated risk factors in cattle across various export livestock sourcing districts of Bale Zone, Ethiopia.

Background: Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is a contagious and economically important viral disease affecting cloven-hoofed animals. A cross-sectional study was conducted from January to March 2022 in selected districts of Bale zone, Ethiopia to determine the seroprevalence and serotypes of FMD virus circulating in cattle. Blood samples were collected from cattle and tested for antibodies against non-structural proteins (NSP) of FMD virus using a 3ABC enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Seroprevalence and associated risk factors of peste des petits ruminants in sheep and goats in three districts of the Central Oromia Region, Ethiopia.

Background: Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is a viral disease that affects domestic and wild small ruminants and camels in Africa, the Middle East, and Asia. Following the successful eradication of rinderpest, the World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH) and the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) have undertaken to eradicate PPR by 2030. Regular surveillance and monitoring of the disease in various regions of Ethiopia are crucial to achieving this goal.

Molecular typing of Protoparvovirus carnivoran 1 in Egyptian cats diagnosed with feline panleukopenia.

Feline panleukopenia (FPL) in cats is caused by either feline parvovirus (FPV) or canine parvovirus (CPV-2), which belong to the same species "Protoparvovirus carnivoran 1". While FPV is widely recognized as the principal cause of FPL, CPV-2 has been detected at a higher rate than FPV in sick cats in a recent Egyptian study. To assess this conflict, the present study aimed to determine which Protoparvovirus carnivoran 1 is commonly associated with FPL in Egyptian cats.

Molecular characterization and immunopathological investigation of Avian reticuloendotheliosis virus in breeder flocks in Egypt.

Background: Reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) is an oncogenic immunosuppressive retrovirus that infects different kinds of avian species; posing significant economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide.

Methods: In Egypt, there is an unidentified disease associated with the runting-stunting syndrome with neoplasia, suspected to be REV, that has been continuously monitored in several breeder flocks. To diagnose and analyze REV by cell cultures, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), histopathological investigation, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test, and sequencing analysis, 200 blood samples, and 50 tissue specimens were collected.

Seroprevalence and associated risk factors of Peste des petits ruminants in selected districts of Awi zone, Northwest Ethiopia.

A cross-sectional study to estimate the antibody seroprevalence of the PPR virus and determine the associated risk factors was conducted from February 2021 to May 2022 in the Guangua and Jawi districts of the Awi zone. Of the total 380 sera samples tested using cELISA, 231 (60.8 %) were found positive for the PPRV antibody.

Identifications, spatial distribution, and seasonal occurrence of Culicoides in selected districts of Northwest Ethiopia.

Culicoides, among the tiniest and most abundant hematophagous insects globally, serve as vectors for a variety of pathogens such as viruses, bacteria, parasites, protozoa, and nematodes. This study aimed to identify Culicoides species and assess their spatial distribution and seasonal occurrence in selected districts of the Central, South, and West Gondar zones, Northwest Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study was conducted between January to July 2023.

The ABCG2 Transporter Affects Plasma Levels, Tissue Distribution and Milk Secretion of Lumichrome, a Natural Derivative of Riboflavin.

The ABCG2 membrane transporter affects bioavailability and milk secretion of xenobiotics and natural compounds, including vitamins such as riboflavin. We aimed to characterize the in vitro and in vivo interaction of ABCG2 with lumichrome, the main photodegradation product of riboflavin, which has proven in vitro anti-cancer activity and a therapeutical role in antibacterial photodynamic therapy as an efficient photosensitizer. Using MDCK-II polarized cells overexpressing murine Abcg2 and human ABCG2 we found that lumichrome was efficiently transported by both variants.

Seroprevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR) and Animal Owners' Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) Towards the Disease in Selected Districts of East Wollega Zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia.

Purpose: Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) is one of the most important diseases affecting production and productivity.

Methodology: Cross-sectional study was aimed at to determine the seroprevalence of IBR and associated risk factors, and animal owners' knowledge, attitude and practice towards the disease from April 2021 to June 2022. Accordingly, a total of 384 serum samples were collected from both crossbreed (70) and local breed (314) cattle from purposively selected districts of East Wollega zone of Western Ethiopia.

Alzheimer disease-like neuropathologic changes in a geriatric baboon ().

Importance: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia in the elderly with the incidence rising exponentially after the age of 65 years. Unfortunately, effective treatments are extremely limited and definite diagnosis can only be made at autopsy. This is in part due to our limited understanding of the complex pathophysiology, including the various genetic, environmental, and metabolic contributing factors.

Seroprevalence of and potential tick vectors infesting domestic ruminants and community perception of the disease in pastoral areas of south Omo zone, southern Ethiopia.

Background: Q fever is a worldwide occurring neglected zoonotic disease with great economic importance. The etiological agent, is a bacterium usually associated with subclinical infections in livestock, but may also cause reproductive pathology and spontaneous abortions in artiodactyl species including goats, sheep and cattle which are deemed to be the primary reservoirs of this disease.

Aims: The present cross-sectional and questionnaire survey was undertaken in three districts of the South Omo zone with the aims to comprehend the community perception of livestock keepers and professionals about the disease, estimate the seroprevalence of () in cattle and small ruminants and to determine the species of potential tick vectors of infesting cattle, sheep and goats.

A sero-epidemiological analysis of Coxiella burnetii infection and its risk factors in livestock from Addis Ababa, Adama, and Modjo abattoirs and pastoral areas of Oromia, Ethiopia.

Background: Coxiella burnetii is causing infections in both humans and animals, resulting in Q fever and Coxiellosis, respectively. Information on the occurrence of C. burnetii infection is scarce in Ethiopia.

One Health research ethics review processes in African countries: Challenges and opportunities.

One Health research has gained attention over the past few decades due to its potential to improve health challenges across the globe. However, obtaining ethics approvals for timely implementation of One Health research is a challenge in some contexts. Our study was undertaken to describe various challenges faced by researchers, research ethics committees (RECs) and members of regulatory bodies in Africa.

Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli infection, determinants and antimicrobial resistance patterns among under-five children with diarrhea in Amhara National Regional State, Northwest Ethiopia.

Background: Children with under-five year age disproportionally affected with foodborne illness. Campylobacteriosis is the most common foodborne disease next to Norovirus infection. Macrolides are commonly prescribed as the first line of treatment for Campylobacter gastroenteritis, with fluoroquinolone and tetracycline as secondary options.

Serological and Community Awareness Study of Lumpy Skin Disease in Different Agro-Ecological Zones of Sidama Regional State, Southern Ethiopia.

The lumpy skin disease (LSD) vaccination status and epidemiological distribution remain unknown in some parts of Ethiopia, including the Sidama regional state. In this study, a serological survey of LSD was performed using a specific virus neutralization assay in selected districts of the Sidama regional state representing three agroecological zones from September 2021 to June 2022. Moreover, an assessment of community awareness and LSD vaccine-related problems was conducted using a questionnaire.