Evaluation of the parasympathetic tone activity (PTA) for posttraumatic pain assessment in awake dogs before orthopaedic surgery - A prospective non-randomised clinical study.

Study Design: A prospective non-randomised clinical study.

Animals: A study group with 18 posttraumatic dogs before surgery and a control group with nine healthy dogs.

Methods: Two different examiners evaluated the pain using two multidimensional pain scales (the Canine Acute Pain Scale of the Colorado State University (CSU-CAPS) and the Modified Glasgow Pain Scale (MGPS)) before the administration of methadone.