The Training and Evaluation of the "Dual-Index" Screening Method for Neonatal Congenital Heart Disease: A Multi-Center Study in China.

Background: This study aimed to enhance the scope of neonatal congenital heart disease (CHD) screening by evaluating the effectiveness of training personnel in CHD screening using the "dual-index" method, combining pulse oximetry with cardiac murmur auscultation.

Methods: From 2019 to 2022, a total of 2374 screening personnel from the Xinjiang, Yunnan, Hainan, Fujian, and Anhui provinces underwent training in neonatal CHD screening using the "dual-index" method, which involves pulse oximetry and cardiac murmur auscultation. Pre- and post-training assessments were conducted using a neonatal CHD screening knowledge questionnaire, distributed through the Questionnaire Star platform, to evaluate the impact of the training.

Spin State Modulation with Oxygen Vacancy Orientates C/N Intermediates for Urea Electrosynthesis of Ultrahigh Efficiency.

The co-electrolysis of CO and NO to synthesize urea has become an effective pathway to alternate the conventional Bosch-Meiser process, while the complexity of C-/N-containing intermediates for C-N coupling results in the urea electrosynthesis of unsatisfactory efficiency. In this work, an electronic spin state modulation maneuver with oxygen vacancies (Ov) is unveiled to effectively meliorate the oriented generation of key intermediates NH and CO for C-N coupling, furnishing urea in ultrahigh yield of 2175.47 µg mg h and Faraday efficiency of 70.

Electrocatalytic Biomass Oxidation via Acid-Induced In Situ Surface Reconstruction of Multivalent State Coexistence in Metal Foams.

Electrocatalytic biomass conversion offers a sustainable route for producing organic chemicals, with electrode design being critical to determining reaction rate and selectivity. Herein, a prediction-synthesis-validation approach is developed to obtain electrodes for precise biomass conversion, where the coexistence of multiple metal valence states leads to excellent electrocatalytic performance due to the activated redox cycle. This promising integrated foam electrode is developed via acid-induced surface reconstruction to in situ generate highly active metal (oxy)hydroxide or oxide (MOH or MO) species on inert foam electrodes, facilitating the electrooxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) to 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA).

Next-Generation Ultrafast Photoluminescence Spectroscopy: Integration of Transient Grating Optical Gate and Advanced Femtosecond Laser Technology.

We demonstrate a high-performance ultrafast broadband time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) system based on the transient grating photoluminescence spectroscopy (TGPLS) technique. The core of the system is a Kerr effect-induced transient grating (TG) optical gate driven by high repetition rate ultrashort laser pulses at 1030 nm with micro-Joule pulse energy. Satisfying the demands of spectroscopy applications, the setup achieves high sensitivity, rapid data acquisition, ultrafast time resolution, and a wide spectral window from ultraviolet to near-infrared.

Endogenous Protein-Modified Gold Nanorods as Immune-Inert Biomodulators for Tumor-Specific Imaging and Therapy.

Engineered modifications of nanomaterials inspired by nature hold great promise for disease-specific imaging and therapies. However, conventional polyethylene glycol modification is limited by immune system rejection. The manipulation of gold nanorods (Au NRs) modified by endogenous proteins (eP@Au) is reported as an engineered biomodulator for enhanced breast tumor therapy.

Construction and Development of an Enhanced Recovery After Surgery Program for the Surgical Management of Patients With Spinal Metastasis: A Modified Delphi Study.

Objective: As an effective treatment for spinal metastasis (SM), ERAS protocol can significantly reduce the length of hospital stay and complications in patients. Establishing an ERAS program for perioperative care after SM surgery is a clinical problem that needs to be addressed urgently. We aimed to develop an Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) program and Surgical Safety Checklist (SSC) that conferred clinical benefit to patients with SM and made it relatively easy to manage the condition.

EFFICACY AND PROGNOSIS IN PATIENTS WITH PAPILLARY THYROID CANCER WITH POSTOPERATIVE PREABLATIVE STIMULATED THYROGLOBULIN ABOVE 10 NG/ML AFTER INITIAL THERAPY WITH RADIOIODINE.

Objective: Few prognostic analyses have been conducted for papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) patients with preablative stimulated Tg >10 ng/mL. We investigated the therapeutic responses and prognosis of these patients after the initial radioiodine (RAI) therapy.

Methods: We retrospectively assessed 256 patients with PTC who underwent RAI remnant ablation after total thyroidectomy, and all presTg levels were >10 ng/mL.

Development of the brain network control theory and its implications.

Brain network control theory (NCT) is a groundbreaking field in neuroscience that employs system engineering and cybernetics principles to elucidate and manipulate brain dynamics. This review examined the development and applications of NCT over the past decade. We highlighted how NCT has been effectively utilized to model brain dynamics, offering new insights into cognitive control, brain development, the pathophysiology of neurological and psychiatric disorders, and neuromodulation.

Dual-drug loaded chondroitin sulfate embolization beads enhance TACE therapy for HCC by integrating embolization, chemotherapy, and anti-angiogenesis.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major public health threat due to its high incidence and mortality rates. Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE), the primary treatment for intermediate-to-advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), commonly utilizes embolic agents loaded with anthracycline-based cytotoxic drugs. Post-TACE, the hypoxic microenvironment in the tumor induced by embolization stimulates the formation of new blood vessels, potentially leading to revascularization and diminishing TACE's efficacy.

Integration of single-cell transcriptomics and bulk transcriptomics to explore prognostic and immunotherapeutic characteristics of nucleotide metabolism in lung adenocarcinoma.

Background: Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is a highly aggressive tumor with one of the highest morbidity and mortality rates in the world. Nucleotide metabolic processes are critical for cancer development, progression, and alteration of the tumor microenvironment. However, the effect of nucleotide metabolism on LUAD remains to be thoroughly investigated.

Revolutionizing diagnosis of pulmonary based on CT: a systematic review of imaging analysis through deep learning.

Introduction: The mortality rate associated with (MTB) has seen a significant rise in regions heavily affected by the disease over the past few decades. The traditional methods for diagnosing and differentiating tuberculosis (TB) remain thorny issues, particularly in areas with a high TB epidemic and inadequate resources. Processing numerous images can be time-consuming and tedious.

Factors Affecting Medication Adherence in Middle-Aged and Elderly Patients in China: A Cross-Sectional Study.

BACKGROUND As the population ages, comorbidities among elderly patients are becoming a significant problem, due to associated risks and mortality. Medication adherence is crucial for controlling chronic diseases and improving patient outcomes; therefore, it is important to understand medication adherence among hospitalized patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted from June 2023 to April 2024 in 2 tertiary hospitals in Wuhu City, Anhui Province, China.

Association of different insulin resistance surrogates with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality among the population with cardiometabolic multimorbidity.

Background: The coexistence of cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs), defined as cardiometabolic multimorbidity (CMM), has been shown to significantly elevate mortality risk. Insulin resistance (IR) is one of the main contributing factors to the pathogenesis of CMM. Although several surrogates for IR are employed in clinical evaluations, their relationship with mortality in individuals with CMM remains unclear.

Automated process assessment of primary healthcare for hyperlipidemia: preliminary findings and implications form Anhui, China.

Background: Primary healthcare (PHC) plays a key role in hyperlipidemia (HL) management yet lacks adequate monitoring and feedback. This study aims at identifying pragmatic measures out from routinely collected electronic records to enable automatic monitoring and inform continuous optimization of HL-management at PHC settings.

Methods: The study used randomly selected electronic records of PHC (from the province-wide data center of Anhui-province, China) as the main data source and generated both procedure-based and encounter-based measures for assessing HL-management.

The origin and transmission of HIV-1 CRF80_0107 among two major first-tier cities in China.

Background: CRF01_AE and CRF07_BC are the two most prevalent HIV-1 genotypes in China, and the co-circulation of these two genotypes has led to the continuous generation of CRF_0107 viruses in recent years. However, little is known about the origin and spread of CRF_0107 viruses thus far. This study focused on HIV-1 CRF80_0107, which we previously identified among the MSM population in Beijing and Hebei Province, to explore the demographic distribution, transmission links, and temporal-spatial evolutionary features of the HIV-1 CRF80_0107 strain in China.

QTL mapping and candidate gene analysis of element accumulation in rice grains via genome-wide association study and population genetic analysis.

Background: Toxic heavy metal elements in soils are major global environmental issues and easily migrate to crop grains to cause severe problems in human health, whereas moderately essential elements such as selenium are beneficial for human health. The accumulation of heavy metals and essential elements in rice grains and their genetic mechanisms are still poorly understood.

Results: We conducted genetic dissection of four toxic heavy metal elements (lead, cadmium, mercury, and chromium), one quasi metallic element (arsenic), and one essential element (selenium) in grains of 290 Xian and 308 Geng rice accessions through a genome-wide association study (GWAS) based on three statistical models and assays of element concentrations from three environments.

First-line cadonilimab plus chemotherapy in HER2-negative advanced gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma: a randomized, double-blind, phase 3 trial.

Programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) inhibitors plus chemotherapy have been the standard of care in the first-line treatment of advanced gastric or gastroesophageal junction (G/GEJ) adenocarcinoma; however, the survival benefits are modest in patients with low programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression. Here we investigated the efficacy and safety of cadonilimab (PD-1/cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) bispecific antibody) plus chemotherapy as first-line treatment in G/GEJ adenocarcinoma. The prespecified interim analysis is reported here.

Innovative Ricin Toxin Detection: Unraveling Apurinic/Apyrimidinic Lyase Activity and Developing Fluorescence Sensors.

Ricin toxin (RT) is a potential bioterrorism agent because of its high potency, extremely small lethal dose, ease of preparation, and notable stability. Therefore, a portable method is urgently required to efficiently detect and determine the presence of toxicity of RT and evaluate its potency for public health monitoring and counter-bioterrorism responses. Currently, enzyme-based assays for detecting RT mainly focus on its -glycosidase activity.

Targeting IGF1 to alleviate obesity through regulating energy expenditure and fat deposition.

Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) is a regulator of both cellular hypertrophy and lipogenesis, which are two key processes for pathogenesis of obesity. However, the in vivo role of IGF1 in the development of obesity remains unclear. Here, we show that IGF1 expression is increased in adipose tissue in obese human patients and animal models.

Glycosylated lysosomal membrane protein promotes tissue repair after spinal cord injury by reducing iron deposition and ferroptosis in microglia.

Excessive iron deposition can lead to ferroptosis, a form of iron-dependent cell death detrimental to neuronal survival. Microglia have been identified as having a high capacity for iron deposition, yet it remains unclear whether microglia undergo ferroptosis while phagocytosing excessive amounts of iron after spinal cord injury (SCI). Here, we observed scattered iron around the epicenter of the injured spinal cord at 7 days post-injury (dpi) in mice, which then accumulated in the lesion core at 14 dpi.

Semi-Supervised Medical Image Segmentation Based on Frequency Domain Aware Stable Consistency Regularization.

With the advancement of deep learning models nowadays, they have successfully applied in the semi-supervised medical image segmentation where there are few annotated medical images and a large number of unlabeled ones. A representative approach in this regard is the semi-supervised method based on consistency regularization, which improves model training by imposing consistency constraints (perturbations) on unlabeled data. However, the perturbations in this kind of methods are often artificially designed, which may introduce biases unfavorable to the model learning in the handling of medical image segmentation.

A lightweight prosthetic hand with 19-DOF dexterity and human-level functions.

A human hand has 23-degree-of-freedom (DOF) dexterity for managing activities of daily living (ADLs). Current prosthetic hands, primarily driven by motors or pneumatic actuators, fall short in replicating human-level functions, primarily due to limited DOF. Here, we develop a lightweight prosthetic hand that possesses biomimetic 19-DOF dexterity by integrating 38 shape-memory alloy (SMA) actuators to precisely control five fingers and the wrist.

Integrating the modified amphiphilic Eleocharis tuberosa starch to stabilize curcuminoid-enriched Pickering emulsions for enhanced bioavailability, thermal stability, and retention of the hydrophobic bioactive compound.

The study involves the modification of a non-conventional starch isolated from the under-utilized variety of Chinese water chestnut (CWC (Eleocharis tuberosa) and integrating it to fabricate stabilized and curcumin-enriched Pickering emulsions with enhanced bioavailability, thermal stability, and retention of encapsulated curcumin. A time-efficient, semi-dried esterification method was used to prepare modified amphiphilic starches using 3, 6, or 9 % (w/v) octenyl succinic anhydride (OSA) and characterized through degree of substitution (DS), contact angle, particle size, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and in-vitro digestibility. Moreover, Pickering emulsions were formulated using CWCS-OSA at 3 %, 6 %, or 9 % concentrations to serve as a carrier for curcumin to improve its water solubility and storage stability.

Structure and Function Analysis of Microcystin Transport Protein MlrD.

Microorganisms play a crucial role in the degradation of microcystins (MCs), with most MC-degrading bacteria utilizing the mlr gene cluster (mlrABCD) mechanism. While previous studies have advanced our understanding of the structure, function, and degradation mechanisms of MlrA, MlrB, and MlrC, research on MlrD remains limited. Consequently, the molecular structure and specific catalytic processes of MlrD are still unclear.