[Comparison of the efficiency of different etiological assays for detection of infections in wild mice].

Objective: To compare the efficiency of multiple etiological techniques for detection of infections in wild mice, so as to provide technical supports to assessment of schistosomiasis transmission risk.

Methods: Wild mice were captured with baited traps at night in snail-infested settings in schistosomiasis-endemic foci of Anhui Province from October to November, 2022. infections were detected in wild mice using microscopy of mouse liver tissues, microscopy of mouse mesenteric tissues, microscopy of mouse liver tissue homogenates, miracidial hatching test of mouse liver tissue homogenates, Kato-Katz technique and miracidial hatching test of mouse stool samples alone and in combinations.

[Prevalence and risk factors of hookworm infections among vegetable growers in Anhui Province from 2018 to 2019].

Objective: To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of hookworm infections among vegetable growers in Anhui Province, so as to provide the evidence for formulating the control strategy and interventions for hookworm human infections.

Methods: A total of 1 179 vegetable growers were randomly sampled from 7 counties in Anhui province according to the natural ecological function areas in 2018 and 2019, and the basic features and risk factors of hookworm infections were collected from all subjects using a self-designed questionnaire, including living environment, vegetable planting and fertilization, type of household crops, animal feeding, hygiene and labor habits. In addition, stool samples were collected from all participants, and each stool sample was subjected to twice tests with the Kato-Katz technique.

[Comparison of pathogenicity and gene expression profiles between adult isolated from hilly and marshland and lake regions of Anhui Province].

Objective: To compare the differences in pathogenicity and gene expression profiles between adult isolated from hilly and marshland and lake regions of Anhui Province, so as to provide the scientific evidence for formulating the precise schistosomiasis control strategy in different endemic foci.

Methods: C57BL/6 mice were infected with cercariae of isolates from Shitai County (hilly regions) and Susong County (marshland and lake regions) of Anhui Province in 2021, and all mice were sacrificed 44 days post-infection and dissected. The worm burdens, number of eggs deposited in the liver, and the area of egg granulomas in the liver were measured to compare the difference in the pathogenicity between the two isolates.

[Trends in the prevalence of schistosomiasis in Anhui Province from 2004 to 2020 based on Joinpoint regression analysis].

Objective: To investigate the changing trends in the prevalence of schistosomiasis in Anhui Province from 2004 to 2020, so as to provide the evidence for formulating the schistosomiasis elimination strategy in the province.

Methods: The epidemiological data of schistosomiasis in Anhui Province from 2004 to 2020 were collected, and the trends in the endemic status of schistosomiasis were analyzed using a Joinpoint regression model. The trends in the prevalence of infections in humans, bovines and were measured in Anhui Province from 2004 to 2020 using average annual percent change (AAPC), and the correlations among the changing trends in the prevalence of infections in humans, bovines and snail status were evaluated using Pearson correlation analysis.

[Molluscicidal effect of immersion with 50% wettable powder of niclosamide ethanolamine salt against on the soil surface and inside the soil layer in winter].

Objective: To evaluate the molluscicidal effect of 50% wettable powder of niclosamide ethanolamine salt (WPNES) against on the soil surface and inside the soil layer by immersion method in winter.

Methods: snails were placed on the soil surface and 2, 5 cm and 10 cm under the soil layer outdoors in winter, and then immersed in 50% WPNES at concentrations of 1 mg/L and 2 mg/L for 1, 3 d and 7 d, while dechlorinated water served as controls. Snail mortality was observed following immersion with 50% WPNES on the soil surface and inside the soil layer.

[Spatio-temporal distribution characteristics of in Anhui Province from 2011 to 2020].

Objective: To analyze the spatial-temporal distribution characteristics of snails in Anhui Province from 2011 to 2020, to provide insights into precision control of snails in Anhui Province.

Methods: snail distribution data were collected in Anhui Province from 2011 to 2020 and descriptively analyzed, including actual area of snail habitats, area of emerging snail habitats and area of -infected snails. The actual area of snail habitats and area of emerging snail habitats were subjected to spatial autocorrelation analysis, hotspot analysis, standard deviation ellipse analysis and space-time scanning analysis, and the clusters of snail distribution and settings at high risk of snail spread were identified in Anhui Province from 2011 to 2020.

[Decoding the evolution of preventive chemotherapy schemes for schistosomiasis in China to improve the precise implementation of the WHO guideline on control and elimination of human schistosomiasis].

Preventive chemotherapy is one of the pivotal interventions for the control and elimination of schistosomiasis, which is effective to reduce the morbidity and prevalence of schistosomiasis. In order to promote the United Nations' sustainable development goals and the targets set for schistosomiasis control in the , WHO released the guideline on control and elimination of human schistosomiasis in 2022, with major evidence-based updates of the current preventive chemotherapy strategy for schistosomiasis. In China where great success has been achieved in schistosomiasis control, the preventive chemotherapy strategy for schistosomiasis has been updated several times during the past seven decades.

Molecular evidence on the presence of Schistosoma japonicum infection in snails along the Yangtze River, 2015-2019.

Background: Due to sustained control activities, the prevalence of Schistosoma japonicum infection in humans, livestock and snails has decreased significantly in P. R. China, and the target has shifted from control to elimination according to the Outline of Healthy China 2030 Plan.

[Intensified surveillance promotes the process towards elimination of schistosomiasis in China].

Surveillance is an important part of the national schistosomiasis control program of China, which play a critical role in facilitating the progress towards elimination of schistosomiasis in China. The coverage of schistosomiasis surveillance has shifted from the high-risk regions at the initial stage of the national schistosomiasis control program of China to the current all endemic counties (cities, districts), and the surveillance contents have extended from single surveillance of endemic status to comprehensive surveillance of endemic status, epidemic factors and transmission risks. With the continuous progress towards schistosomiasis elimination, the national schistosomiasis control program has shifted from "extensive control" to surveillance and early warning-based "precision control" in China, which proposes much higher requirements for schistosomiasis surveillance.

[Expert consensus on the strategy and measures to interrupt the transmission of schistosomiasis in China].

Since 2015 when the transmission of schistosomiasis was controlled in China, the country has been moving towards elimination of schistosomiasis, with the surveillanceresponse as the main interventions for schistosomiasis control. During the period of the 13th Five-Year Plan, the transmission of schistosomiasis had been interrupted in four provinces of Sichuan, Jiangsu, Yunnan and Hubei and the prevalence of schistosomiasis has been at the historically lowest level in China. As a consequence, the goal set in is almost achieved.

[Flood disasters and schistosomiasis control].

Currently, the endemic situation of schistosomiasis has dropped to the lowest level in China; however, there are still factors affecting the transmission of schistosomiasis. Flood disasters may pose a great impact on the transmission of schistosomiasis and even affect the progress of schistosomiasis control and the consolidation of schistosomiasis control achievements. In 2020, major flood disasters occur across China.

Surveillance-based evidence: elimination of schistosomiasis as a public health problem in the Peoples' Republic of China.

Background: A steady progress on schistosomiasis control in the Peoples' Republic of China (P.R. China) was achieved and broadened into the twelve-year medium and long term national plan (MLNP) which marled the implementation of an integrated control strategy across all endemic areas in P.

[Spatiotemporal distribution of snail habitats in Anhui Province].

Objective: To investigate the spatiotemporal distribution of snails and infected snails in the endemic areas of schistosomiasis in Anhui Province.

Methods: Based on the snail survey data in Anhui Province in 2016, the distribution of snails and infected snails were analyzed, and the spatial distribution of snails and spatial cluster patterns of infected snails were investigated in snail habitats in Anhui Province from 1950 to 2016.

Results: A total of 22 757 snail habitats and 5 004 infected snail habitats were identified in Anhui Province from 1950 to 2016, which appeared single-peak and double-peak patterns, with an inflection point seen in 1970.

[Investigation of snails in Anhui Province in 2016].

Objective: To investigate the status of snails in Anhui Province in 2016, so as to provide the evidence for formulating the 13th Five-Year Plans for Schistosomiasis Control.

Methods: In 2016, a snail survey was conducted in Anhui Province according to the , covering all snail habitats or historical snail habitats and suspected environments of snail breeding, and the results of the survey were analyzed.

Results: In 2016, 22 848 environments were surveyed, and no schistosome-infected snails were found.

[Application of infrared camera technique in investigation of wild animals as infectious source of schistosomiasis].

Objective: To investigate the species and activities of wild animals infected with schistosome in hilly and mountain areas by using an infrared camera technique, so as to provide the evidence for the surveillance of schistosomiasis in these areas.

Methods: Six infrared cameras were selected and placed in 6 environments of the risk monitoring points of schistosomiasis in Shitai County in Anhui Province. The species and activities of the wild animals in the 6 environments were observed through the photographs and videos taken by the cameras.

[Evaluation standards and application for photography of schistosomiasis control theme].

Objective: To set up and apply the evaluation standards for photography of schistosomiasis control theme, so as to offer the scientific advice for enriching the health information carrier of schistosomiasis control.

Methods: Through the literature review and expert consultation, the evaluation standard for photography of schistosomiasis control theme was formulated. The themes were divided into 4 projects, such as new construction, natural scenery, working scene, and control achievements.

[Dynamic change of population structure of ].

To understand the successive dynamic change of population structure of during a one-year period, so as to provide the evidence for snail control. A river beach and a ditch infested with snails were selected and longitudinally investigated in the midmonth during one year. The snail survey indices included the survival status, gender, number of whorls, length and width of shell, and gonad development status (measured by the color depth of gonad and the length ratio of gonad to liver), and the monthly snail eggs in the soil were collected and counted simultaneously.

Schistosomiasis Japonica Control in Domestic Animals: Progress and Experiences in China.

Schistosomiasis japonica, caused by , is an endemic, zoonotic parasitic disease. Domestic animals, particularly bovines, are thought to play an important role in transmission of the disease. Historically, China was the country mostly severely impacted by schistosomiasis japonica, but now prevalence and morbidity have been greatly reduced.

Towards the Elimination of Schistosomiasis japonica through Control of the Disease in Domestic Animals in The People's Republic of China: A Tale of over 60Years.

Schistosomiasis japonica, an endemic, zoonotic tropical parasitic disease caused by Schistosoma japonicum, remains an important public health concern in The People's Republic of China. Unlike other species of Schistosoma, over 40 species of wild and domestic animals can act as reservoir hosts of S. japonicum, which increases the difficulty for the control of this tropical disease.

Integrated Control Strategy of Schistosomiasis in The People's Republic of China: Projects Involving Agriculture, Water Conservancy, Forestry, Sanitation and Environmental Modification.

Among the three major schistosome species infecting human beings, Schistosoma japonicum is the only endemic species in The People's Republic of China. Schistosomiasis is endemic in 78 countries and regions and poses a severe threat to public health and socioeconomic development. Through more than 60years of hard work and endeavour, The People's Republic of China has made considerable achievements and reduced the morbidity and prevalence of this disease to the lowest level ever recorded, especially since the introduction of the new integrated control strategy in 2004.

Epidemiological Features and Effectiveness of Schistosomiasis Control Programme in Lake and Marshland Region in The People's Republic of China.

Schistosomiasis is one of neglected tropical diseases in the world. The People's Republic of China has made great achievements in schistosomiasis control through integrated interventions. Although the morbidity and mortality have been reduced to the lowest level in all three endemic regions, namely lake and marshland regions, hilly and mountainous regions and plains with waterway networks regions, the endemic status in lake and marshland region is still that of implementing the interventions in the higher endemicity areas towards elimination of schistosomiasis transmission.

[Impact on prevalence of schitosomiasis after runs of Three Gorges Reservoir Project in the section of Anhui province].

Objective: To investigate the changes of water level and the distribution of snails in Anhui province before and after runs of the Three Gorges Reservoir Project, and to determine the relationship between the two factors and schistosomiasis transmission.

Methods: The hydrologic data of Datong hydrologic station and the data of snail status and schistosomiasis morbidity in Anhui Province were collected. The data from 1991 to 2002 and 2003 to 2012 were considered as before and after the impoundment of the Three Gorges Reservoir Project.

Fine scale Spatial-temporal cluster analysis for the infection risk of Schistosomiasis japonica using space-time scan statistics.

Background: Marching towards the elimination of schistosomiasis in China, both the incidence and prevalence have witnessed profound decline over the past decades, with the strategy shifting from morbidity control to transmission control. The current challenge is to find out hotspots of transmission risk for precise targeted control in low-prevalence areas. This study assessed the risk at the village level, using the spatial and temporal characteristics of Schistosomiasis japonica in Anhui province from 2006 to 2012.

[Spatial-temporal analysis on the distribution of infected snail at the village level in Anhui province, 2006-2012].

Objective: The characteristics of spatial-temporal distribution on infected snails were analyzed at the village level in Anhui province, 2006-2012.

Methods: Data on the distribution of infected snails from 2006 to 2012 in Anhui province was collected. Spatial database was established by ArcGIS 9.