Chinese Association of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, Superficial Organs and Peripheral Vessels Committee Expert Consensus on Selected Common Clinical Issues in Parathyroid Ultrasound (2024 Edition).

Parathyroid ultrasound is widely used in clinical practice and plays a crucial role in the diagnosis and treatment of parathyroid diseases. Nevertheless, ultrasound physicians frequently encounter a number of challenges and doubts in their professional practice. For this reason, Superficial Organs and Peripheral Vessels Committee of Chinese Association of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering has formulated the expert consensus on certain common clinical problems of parathyroid ultrasound based on the current research progress and clinical experience, in order to guide the clinical practice.

Imaging characteristics of pediatric primary thymic lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma: case reports of four children with a literature review.

Objective: This study aimed to analyze the imaging characteristics of lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma (LELC) in children's thymi.

Methods: Four pediatric cases of primary thymic LELC confirmed by needle biopsy pathology from our research center were enrolled. All children underwent an enhanced chest computed tomography (CT) examination.

IRF1 is a core transcriptional regulatory circuitry member promoting AML progression by regulating lipid metabolism.

Background: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a prevalent malignancy of the hematologic system. Despite advancements in therapeutic approaches, significant heterogeneity and therapeutic resistance pose substantial challenges to treatment. Tumors driven by core transcription factors through super-enhancers can establish core transcriptional regulatory circuits (CRCs) that modulate oncogene expression programs.

BSRF1 modulates IFN-β-mediated antiviral responses by inhibiting NF-κB activity via an IKK-dependent mechanism in Epstein-Barr virus infection.

The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) encoded tegument protein BSRF1 plays a significant role in the processes of viral maturation and release, however, it's not clear whether BSRF1 is involved in the modulation of host innate immunity. In this study, we demonstrated that BSRF1 can inhibit interferon β (IFN-β) production by downregulating nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activity and subsequently reducing the yield of inflammatory cytokines, thereby facilitating viral replication. Dual luciferase reporter assays indicated that BSRF1 may inhibit NF-κB signaling at the level of IKK or between IKK and p65, while co-immunoprecipitation experiments revealed its association with multiple critical host adaptor proteins.

Hsa_circ_0002301 inhibits ferroptosis in gastric cancer by encoding the de novo protein HECTD1-463aa.

Background: CircRNAs are closely related to ferroptosis in gastric cancer cells; however, the mechanism by which circRNAs regulate ferroptosis in gastric carcinogenesis remains unknown. CircRNA-encoded novel peptides are functional products translated from the open reading frames (ORFs) within circular RNAs, demonstrating that circRNAs not only serve as non-coding regulators but also have the capacity to encode biologically active peptides. Compared with noncancerous cells, cancer cells have greater iron requirements, and ferroptosis occurs in response to radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy; therefore, ferroptosis activation may be a potential strategy to overcome the shortcomings of conventional cancer therapy.

Predictors of outcome among children with biliary atresia: a single centre trial.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the predictive role of preoperative gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) levels on the prognosis of neonatal biliary atresia (NBA) in patients who underwent the Kasai procedure.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted of patients with NBA who underwent the Kasai procedure at our hospital from 2017 to 2021. Patients were categorized into high (GGT > 300 IU/L) and GGT inadequate (GGT ≤ 300 IU/L) groups based on preoperative GGT levels.

[Molecular Pathogenic Mechanism Study of Two Cases of Inherited Dysfibrinogenemia].

Objective: To analyze two families with inherited dysfibrinogenemia, and explore the molecular pathogenic mechanisms.

Methods: The coagulation indexes of the probands and their family members were detected. The , and exons and their flanking sequences were amplified by PCR, and the mutation sites were identified by sequencing.

Clinical characteristics and treatment analysis of neonatal testicular torsion.

Background: Neonatal testicular torsion is a rare but critical condition that requires prompt diagnosis and treatment. While early surgical intervention may offer some benefit, in many prenatal cases, preventing testicular loss remains challenging, even with timely intervention. Early recognition remains challenging due to subtle clinical presentations in newborns.

A case of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia with co-occurrence of NUP214-ABL1 fusion and tetraploidy: A T-ALL case with NUP214-ABL1 fusion and tetraploidy.

Although testing and treatment of blood malignancies have been standardized, additional unidentified genetic abnormalities often complicate the diagnosis and therapeutic outcome. Thus, improvement of contemporary therapy requires further stratification of patients based on detailed genetic information. Here, we describe an extremely rare case of Philadelphia chromosome-like T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph-like T-ALL) with NUP214-ABL1 fusion and presentation of unusually enlarged nuclei in the leukemic cells, which was attributed to tetraploidy.

Preoperative prediction of the Lauren classification in gastric cancer using automated nnU-Net and radiomics: a multicenter study.

Objectives: To develop and validate a deep learning model based on nnU-Net combined with radiomics to achieve autosegmentation of gastric cancer (GC) and preoperative prediction via the Lauren classification.

Methods: Patients with a pathological diagnosis of GC were retrospectively enrolled in three medical centers. The nnU-Net autosegmentation model was developed using manually segmented datasets and evaluated by the Dice similarity coefficient (DSC).

Distinct effects of early-stage and late-stage socioeconomic factors on brain and behavioral traits.

Socioeconomic status (SES) is a time-varying multidimensional construct with ill-defined dimension-specific and age-specific effects on brain and behavior. We investigated these effects in 4,228 young adults. From 16 socioeconomic indicators, assessed for early (0-10 years) and late (>10 years) stages, we constructed family, provincial, family adverse and neighborhood adverse socioeconomic dimensions.

Medication Safety in Intravenous Therapy: Compatibility of Etoposide with Frequently Drugs Used in Tumour Critical Care During Simulated Y-Site Administration.

Objective: Etoposide is an antineoplastic agent widely used to treat pediatric and adult cancers. Critically ill patients are expected to receive several intravenous pharmaceutical drugs while admitted to hospitals. When compatibility data are available, intravenous drugs may be administered simultaneously through the Y-site.

Novel variant of COL12A1 gene causing neonatal hypotonia and respiratory failure.

The COL12A1 gene encodes Collagen XII α 1 chain, forming a biologically functional Collagen XII through a trimeric structure. Collagen XII dysfunction can lead to hereditary neuromuscular diseases with phenotypic profiles ranging from rare Ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy 2 (biallelic variant) to Bethlem myopathy 2 (uniallelic variant). Currently, only 29 COL12A1 deficiency cases have been reported, mainly featuring hypotonia, progressive muscular dystrophy, and skeletal deformities.

Clinical characteristics and management strategies of testicular torsion in children with cryptorchidism: a comprehensive analysis.

Background: Cryptorchidism increases the risk of testicular torsion, a condition requiring urgent intervention. However, the atypical presentation in these cases makes diagnosis challenging, necessitating improved clinical awareness and management strategies. This study aims to analyze the clinical characteristics, diagnostic methods, and treatment outcomes of testicular torsion in children with cryptorchidism.

Extending curve matching with flexible hyperparameter selection to predict response to long-acting PEGylated growth hormone treatment in growth hormone deficiency children: method development and validation.

Purpose: Curve matching can predict the height trajectories of children by analyzing longitudinal growth data. We extended the method to improve the prediction of response to long-acting growth hormone treatment in children with growth hormone deficiency (GHD).

Methods: We analyzed data from a previous real-world study with a 36-month treatment of PEGylated recombinant human growth hormone (PEG-rhGH).

Genetic evidence for amlodipine's protective role in gastroesophageal reflux disease: A focus on CACNB2.

Objective: This study aims to elucidate the causal relationship between genetically predicted amlodipine use and the risk of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) using a bidirectional Mendelian Randomization (MR) approach and to explore the underlying genetic and molecular mechanisms through functional enrichment analysis and the construction of a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network.

Methods: Publicly available GWAS datasets from the Neale Lab consortium were used, including data on amlodipine (13,693 cases, 323,466 controls) and GERD (14,316 cases, 322,843 controls). Genome-wide significant SNPs were selected as instrumental variables and clustered by linkage disequilibrium.

Study of an N6-methyladenosine- and ferroptosis-related prognostic model and the mechanisms underlying the molecular network in neuroblastoma based on multiple datasets.

Recent research highlights the pivotal role of N6-methyladenosine (mA) modification and ferroptosis in the evolution of various cancers. This study aimed to establish a prognostic framework centered on genes associated with mA and ferroptosis to enhance the accuracy of prognosis predictions for neuroblastoma (NB) patients, thereby improving targeted therapeutic strategies. Patient data, including expression profiles and clinical information from NB cases, were acquired from The Cancer Genome Atlas.

Hippocampal gray matter volume alterations in patients with first-episode and recurrent major depressive disorder and their associations with gene profiles.

Background: Recent studies indicate that patients with first-episode drug-naïve (FEDN) and recurrent major depressive disorder (R-MDD) exhibit distinct atrophy patterns in the hippocampal subregions along the proximal-distal axis. However, it remains unclear whether such differences occur along the long axis and how they may relate to specific genes.

Methods: In the present study, we analyzed T1-weighted images from 421 patients (FEDN: n = 232; R-MDD: n = 189) and 544 normal controls (NC) as part of the REST-meta-MDD consortium.

Analysis of antibiotic resistance and risk factors of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases-producing Escherichia coli in hospitalized children with community-acquired urinary tract infections.

Objective: The incidence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs)-producing Escherichia coli (E. coli) infections is rising. This study investigates the antibiotic resistance profiles and risk factors associated with ESBL-producing E.

SNORD80-guided 2'-O-methylation stabilizes the lncRNA GAS5 to regulate cellular stress responses.

The introns of the gene encoding the long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) GAS5 host up to 10 C/D box small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs). However, whether there is a regulatory and functional relationship between these snoRNAs and GAS5 is unknown. Here, we show that the expression of SNORD80, but not the other snoRNAs, parallels GAS5 expression and is regulated alongside GAS5 in response to cellular stress.

Association Between Genetically Proxied SLC12A2 Inhibition and Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Mendelian Randomization Study.

The global rise in hypertension prompts the use of medications to manage blood pressure. However, selecting first-line drugs remains challenging as their efficacy often stems from blood pressure reduction rather than specific pharmacological actions. Evaluating interactions between antihypertensive drugs and common diseases can aid tailored treatment.

Mechanisms of T-cell Depletion in Tumors and Advances in Clinical Research.

T lymphocytes (T cells) are essential components of the adaptive immune system that play a vital role in identifying and eliminating infected and tumor cells. In tumor immunotherapy, T cells have emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy due to their high specificity, potent cytotoxic capability, long-lasting immune memory, and adaptability within immunotherapeutic approaches. However, tumors can evade the immune system by depleting T cells through various mechanisms, such as inhibitory receptor signaling, metabolic exhaustion, and physical barriers within the tumor microenvironment.

The effect of GM-CSF and predictors of treatment outcome in pediatric septic shock patients.

Background: Pediatric septic shock is a critical condition associated with high mortality rates, largely due to sepsis-induced immunosuppression. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) has been explored as a therapeutic intervention to counteract this immunosuppression. Despite its potential, the efficacy of GM-CSF in pediatric septic shock has not been clearly established.

Modulation effects of folic acid and vitamin D on the relationships between prenatal cumulative phthalate exposure and preschoolers' emotional and behavioral problems.

Background: The results of current population-based studies exploring the effects of prenatal phthalate exposure on children's behavioral problems are not completely consistent. In addition, it is not clear whether vitamins improve phthalate-induced health risks.

Methods: This study was based on the Ma'anshan Birth Cohort, which included 2910 mother-child pairs.