Metformin alleviates genetic and traumatic heterotopic ossification by inhibiting infiltration and mitochondrial metabolism of myeloid cells.

Objectives: Heterotopic ossification (HO), whether hereditary or traumatic, refers to the abnormal formation of bone in extraskeletal sites, often triggered by inflammation or flare-ups. Unfortunately, there are currently no effective treatments for HO. Metformin is well-known for its anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, anti-aging, and anti-cancer effects.

A novel homozygous mutation in the meiotic gene leading to male infertility due to non-obstructive azoospermia.

Non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) is the most severe form of male infertility. Although some causes have been established, including genetic causes, the etiology in most cases remains idiopathic. Mutations in (OMIM: 602105), an important gene involved in meiosis, may be related to female infertility due to primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) and male NOA.