Carbon dioxide activation by discandium dioxide cations in the gas phase: a combined investigation of infrared photodissociation spectroscopy and DFT calculations.

We present a combined computational and experimental study of CO activation at the ScO metal oxide ion center in the gas phase. Density functional theory calculations on the structures of [ScO(CO)] ( = 1-4) ion-molecule complexes reveal a typical end-on binding motif as well as bidentate and tridentate carbonate-containing configurations. As the number of attached CO molecules increases, activated forms tend to dominate the isomeric populations.

Ppbv-level mid-infrared photoacoustic sensor for mouth alcohol test after consuming lychee fruits.

A ppbv-level mid-infrared photoacoustic spectroscopy sensor was developed for mouth alcohol tests. A compact CO laser with a sealed waveguide and integrated radio frequency (RF) power supply was used. The emission wavelength is ∼9.

Observation of inserted oxocarbonyl species in the tantalum cation-mediated activation of carbon dioxide dictated by two-state reactivity.

Reductive activation of carbon dioxide (CO) has drawn increasing attention as an effective and convenient method to unlock this stable molecule, especially transition metal-catalyzed reactions. Taking the [TaCO] ion-molecule complex formed in the laser ablation source as a representative, the reactivity of the tantalum metal cation towards CO molecules is explored using infrared photodissociation spectroscopy combined with quantum chemical calculations. The strong absorption in the carbonyl stretching region provides solid evidence for the insertion reactions into CO bonds by the tantalum cation.

Upconversion luminescence and optical thermometry behaviors of Yb and Ho co-doped GYTO crystal.

Optical thermometry based on the upconversion (UC) luminescence intensity ratio (LIR) has attracted considerable attention because of its feasibility for achievement of accurate non-contact temperature measurement. Compared with traditional UC phosphors, optical thermometry based on UC single crystals can achieve faster response and higher sensitivity due to the stability and high thermal conductivity of the single crystals. In this study, a high-quality 5 at% Yb and 1 at% Ho co-doped GdYTaO single crystal was grown by the Czochralski (Cz) method, and the structure of the as-grown crystal was characterized.

MAX-DOAS and in-situ measurements of aerosols and trace gases over Dongying, China: Insight into ozone formation sensitivity based on secondary HCHO.

This study presents a comprehensive overview of the atmospheric pollutants including Sulfur dioxide (SO), Nitrogen dioxide (NO), Formaldehyde (HCHO), Particulate Matter PM; PM: diameter ≤ 10 µm, and PM: diameter ≤ 2.5 µm), and Ozone (O) over Dongying (Shandong Province) from March-April 2018 and September-October 2019 by employing ground-based Multiple Axis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) observations along with the in-situ measurements attained by the national air quality monitoring platform. The concentrations of SO and NO were under the acceptable level, while both PM, and PM were higher than the safe levels as prescribed by national and international air quality standards.

Integrated analysis of the transport process and source attribution of an extreme ozone pollution event in Hefei at different vertical heights: A case of study.

The Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region frequently experiences ozone pollution events during the summer and autumn seasons. High-concentration events are typically related to synoptic weather patterns, which impact the transport and photochemical production of ozone at multiple scales, ranging from the local to regional scale. To better understand the regional ozone pollution problem, studies on ozone source attribution are needed, especially regarding the contributions of sources at different vertical heights based on tagging the region or time periods.

Modulating paired Ir-O-Ir electronic perturbations of correlated Ir single atoms to overcome catalytic selectivity.

Single-atom catalysts have been extensively utilized for electrocatalysis, in which electronic metal-support interactions are typically employed to stabilize single atoms. However, this neglects the metal-metal interactions of adjacent atoms, which are essential for the fine-tuning of selective sites. Herein, the high-loading of Ir single atoms (Ir SAs) (8.

VOCs hyperspectral imaging: A new insight into evaluate emissions and the corresponding health risk from industries.

The harm of VOCs emitted from industries to surrounding atmospheric environment and human health was well known and had received continuous attention. In order to improve the quality of urban atmospheric environment and the living environment of urban residents, a large number of original urban industries had been relocated to economically underdeveloped suburbs, which has significantly deteriorated the atmospheric environment in these areas and brought potential health risks to local vulnerable residents, which is actually an unfair manifestation under the background of economic development and ecological civilization construction. There were many residents near industrial parks, but there was a significant lack of VOCs monitoring equipment and data.

Extraction of DNA from trace forensic samples with a modified lysis buffer and chitosan coated magnetic beads.

The trace amounts of human tissue cells or body fluids left at the crime scene are often mixed with inhibitors such as rust, pigments, and humic acid. The extraction of the DNA from the trace cells is crucial for the investigation of cases. Usually, specially designed magnetic nanoparticles were chosen by the case investigators to enrich and elute DNA, which was then used for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and short tandem repeat (STR) analysis.

Noninvasive detection of diabetes mellitus based on skin fluorescence and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy.

There is an urgent need for a mass population screening tool for diabetes. Skin tissue contains a large number of endogenous fluorophores and physiological parameter markers related to diabetes. We built an excitation-emission spectrum measurement system with the excited light sources of 365, 395, 415, 430, and 455 nm to extract skin characteristics.

Long-term observations of NO using GEMS in China: Validations and regional transport.

In 2019, South Korea launched the Geostationary Environment Monitoring Spectrometer (GEMS) to observe trace gases with an hourly temporal resolution. Compared to previous payloads on polar-orbiting satellites, the GEMS payload has significant advantages in detecting the diurnal variation characteristics of NO. However, there is still a lack of ground-based validations regarding the overall accuracy of GEMS in the Chinese region.

Assessing the impact of urban form and urbanization process on tropospheric nitrogen dioxide pollution in the Yangtze River Delta, China.

Optimizing urban form through urban planning and management policies can improve air quality and transition to demand-side control. Nitrogen dioxide (NO) in the urban atmosphere, mainly emitted by anthropogenic sources such as industry and vehicles, is a key precursor of fine particles and ozone pollution. Both NO and its secondary pollutants pose health risks for humans.

Study on Calibration Method for the Count of Living Algal Cells Detection Based on Variable Fluorescence in Ballast Water.

In the monitoring the discharge of ballast water, the count of living algal cells is of utmost significant. Variable fluorescence, denoted as Fv, stands as an optimal parameter for photosynthetic fluorescence, efficiently charactering the living algal cells count, unaffected by the ballast waters' complex background fluorescence environment. This study deeply investigates the quantitative relationship between Fv and the count of living algal cells.

Peroxy radical chemistry during ozone photochemical pollution season at a suburban site in the boundary of Jiangsu-Anhui-Shandong-Henan region, China.

Ambient peroxy radical (RO = HO + RO) concentrations were measured at a suburban site in a major prefecture-level city (Huaibei) in the boundary of Jiangsu-Anhui-Shandong-Henan region, which is the connecting belt of air pollution in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and the Yangtze River Delta. Measurements were carried out during the period of September to October 2021 to elucidate the formation mechanism of O pollution. The observed maximum concentration of peroxy radicals was 73.

A broadband picometer resolution visible CCD spectrometer based on virtually imaged phased array technology.

Coincidental realization of broadband spectral coverage and high resolution in one spectrometer system has always been a challenge. Here, we report the development of a high-resolution visible CCD spectrometer based on the virtually imaged phase array (VIPA) technique. By using a thin glass plate and a reflective grating, a two-dimensional cross-dispersion was realized.

The volatile release evaluation of nicotine from snus products under different storage conditions based on surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy technology.

Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is a highly sensitive analytical detection technique that provides unique chemical and structural information on target molecules. Snus is a type of tobacco product that can release nicotine and other components under certain humidity and temperature without burning, and the evaluation of its nicotine release under different storage conditions is very important for understanding its characteristics, regulating its components, and setting reasonable storage conditions. Herein, by means of an artificial climate box and suction extraction device, the volatile release evaluations of nicotine from snus products under different storage conditions were performed based on FeO microparticles coated with Au nanorods and Au nanoparticles (FeO@AuNRsNPs) as SERS substrates combined with a capillary.

Low-Temperature Plasma-Activated Medium Inhibits the Migration of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells via the Wnt/-Catenin Pathway.

This study explored the molecular mechanism of the plasma activation medium (PAM) inhibiting the migration ability of NSCLC (non-small cell lung cancer) cells. The effect of PAM incubation on the cell viability of NSCLC was detected through a cell viability experiment. Transwell cells and microfluidic chips were used to investigate the effects of PAM on the migration capacity of NSCLC cells, and the latter was used for the first time to observe the changes in the migration capacity of cancer cells treated with PAM.

McPrA - A new gas profile inversion algorithm for MAX-DOAS and apply to 50 m vertical resolution.

Air pollutants represent an environmental and health risk, and the methods for their effective assessment are of the greatest importance. The MAX-DOAS method is a reliable retrieval algorithm, enabling a vertical gas profile analysis. However, the current MAX-DOAS retrieval algorithm heavily relies on the a priori profile, limiting its accuracy.

Experimental and theoretical study on the photoionization of styrene.

This study employed a vacuum ultraviolet synchrotron radiation source and reflectron time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOF-MS) to investigate the photoionization and dissociation of styrene. By analyzing the photoionization mass spectrum and efficiency curve alongside G3B3 theoretical calculations, we determined the ionization energy of the molecular ion, appearance energy of fragment ions, and relevant dissociation pathways. The major ion peaks observed in the photoionization mass spectra of styrene correspond to C H , C H and C H .

Customizable single-layer hydrogel robot with programmable NIR-triggered responsiveness.

Hydrogel robots are widely used in biomedical fields due to their excellent biocompatibility and response to external stimuli. However, traditional processing methods cannot rapidly fabricate complex structures, and smart response strategies often rely on double-layer structures fabricated from two materials with significantly different swelling properties. In this study, we present a single-layer hydrogel robot that can be fabricated in one step using a high-precision digital light processing (H-P DLP) 3D printing system.

Parameter Estimation in Spectral Resolution Enhancement Based on Forward-Backward Linear Prediction Total Least Square Method.

In a Fourier transform infrared (IR) spectrometer, the Michelson interference signal extrapolation method based on linear prediction is often used to improve spectral resolution. In this method, an autoregressive (AR) model is established for the Michelson interference signal in the spectrometer. Once the AR model parameters are determined, the AR process is predictable.

Oribron: An Origami-Inspired Deformable Rigid Bronchoscope for Radial Support.

The structure of a traditional rigid bronchoscope includes proximal, distal, and body, representing an important means to treat hypoxic diseases. However, the body structure is too simple, resulting in the utilization rate of oxygen being usually low. In this work, we reported a deformable rigid bronchoscope (named Oribron) by adding a Waterbomb origami structure to the body.

A Mid-Infrared Quantum Cascade Laser Ultra-Sensitive Trace Formaldehyde Detection System Based on Improved Dual-Incidence Multipass Gas Cell.

Formaldehyde (HCHO) is a tracer of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and its concentration has gradually decreased with the reduction in VOC emissions in recent years, which puts forward higher requirements for the detection of trace HCHO. Therefore, a quantum cascade laser (QCL) with a central excitation wavelength of 5.68 μm was applied to detect the trace HCHO under an effective absorption optical pathlength of 67 m.

Shape Discrimination of Individual Aerosol Particles Using Light Scattering.

We established an experimental apparatus by combining polarized light scattering and angle-resolved light scattering measurement technology to rapidly identify the shape of an individual aerosol particle. The experimental data of scattered light of Oleic acid, rod-shaped Silicon dioxide, and other particles with typical shape characteristics were analyzed statistically. To better study the relationship between the shape of particles and the properties of scattered light, the partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) method was used to analyze the scattered light of aerosol samples based on the size screening of particles, and the shape recognition and classification method of the individual aerosol particle was established based on the analysis of the spectral data after nonlinear processing and grouping by particle size with the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) as reference.

Quantitative Studies on Local Structure of Molten Binary Potassium Germanates.

high temperature Raman spectra of KO-(100-)GeO, samples containing 0, 5, 11.11, 20, 25, 33.3, 40, and 50 %mol KO, were measured.