Effects of nanosecond‑ and microsecond‑pulse Er, Cr: YSGG laser on the morphology and pulp temperature of dentin in dental restoration debonding.

Objective: This study evaluated dentin morphology and pulp cavity temperature changes during nanosecond‑ and microsecond‑pulse Er, Cr: YSGG laser debonding restoration and residual adhesive.

Materials And Methods: Ten caries-free teeth had their enamel removed perpendicular to the long axis, followed by bonding of glass ceramic restorations. The samples were randomly divided into two groups and subjected to Er, Cr: YSGG laser (3 mJ, 100 Hz, 100 ns), (3 mJ, 100 Hz, 150 µs) for debonding of restoration and residual adhesive on dentin surfaces.

Facile fabrication of sensing electrode based on CoFe-MOFs/MXene for ultrasensitive detection of picomolar chloramphenicol.

Precise detection of ultralow-level antibiotics, such as picomole, in aqueous environments is significant for human health, however, it presents a great challenge to the adsorption capacity and electrocatalytic ability of sensing materials. Here, we used a one-step hydrothermal method to in situ grow spindle-like CoFe-based metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with a size of about 50 nm in the region of hydrophilic MXene-loading hydrophobic carbon paper. By combining MOFs with abundant adsorption sites and MXene with high conductivity, the problems of adsorption and electrons transfer of ultralow-level antibiotics have been solved, and achieving precise detection of picomole-level antibiotics.

Improving Energy Resolution of CdSe-Based γ-Ray Detectors through Asymmetric Schottky Contact Engineering Using Oxygen Plasma Treatment.

When creating a Schottky contact to suppress the leakage current of semiconductor γ-ray detectors and improve their energy resolution, it is successfully employed the fact that the formation of a Schottky barrier is determined not only by the difference in the electrode and semiconductor work functions but also affected by the semiconductor surface state. Oxygen plasma (OP) treatment has been used to modify the surface states of CdSe single crystals (SCs) prior to the Au electrode deposition, thereby creating a Schottky contact at the metal-semiconductor interface. The -type Schottky contact formation has been confirmed by the - characteristics and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy analysis.

Regional PM prediction with hybrid directed graph neural networks and Spatio-temporal fusion of meteorological factors.

Traditional statistical prediction methods on PM often focus on a single temporal or spatial dimension, with limited consideration for regional transport interactions among adjacent cities. To address this limitation, we propose a hybrid directed graph neural network method based on deep learning, which utilizes domain features to quantify the influence of neighboring cities and construct a directed graph. The model comprises a historical feature extraction module and a future transmission prediction module, and each module integrates a Graph Neural Network (GNN) and a Long Short-Term Memory Network (LSTM) for spatiotemporal encoding.

Mechanistic insights into CO reduction to CO by group 5 transition metal monoxide cations.

The reduction of carbon dioxide (CO) by transition-metal oxides in the gas phase serves as a unique model system for understanding transition metal-based catalytic systems in CO utilization. In this work, thermochemistry and reaction mechanisms attributed to the two-state reactivity scenario of CO reduction by group 5 transition metal monoxide cations are extensively investigated using quantum chemical calculations. The interaction between the VO cation with CO exhibits an endothermic feature, whereas the reaction involving the TaO cation showcases a more pronounced exothermic behavior than the NbO cation, in accordance with previously reported reaction rates.

Towards improved spectroscopic applications in multi-gas environments: CO spectral line parameter measurement and analysis.

The ν + 2ν + ν band of CO is dominated by weak absorption lines near 2.0 uμm, which has potential application in planetary atmosphere, astrophysical, and hydrocarbon fuel combustion investigations. High-quality spectral line parameters are the foundation of spectroscopic technology.

Incentivizing emission controls toward clean air and carbon neutrality in China: Perspectives from a risk-based approach for air quality management.

Air Quality Standards (AQSs) worldwide have continued to employ concentration-based approaches since their first implementation under the 1970 Clean Air Act in the United States. The primary objective of establishing these AQSs is widely recognized as protecting public health. With the significantly improved understanding of the health risks associated with air pollutants today, it is an opportune time to reassess air pollution management from a fundamental risk perspective.

Using Label-Free Raman Spectroscopy Integrated with Microfluidic Chips to Probe Ferroptosis Networks in Cells.

Ferroptosis, a regulated form of cell death driven by oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation, has emerged as a pivotal research focus with implications across various cellular contexts. In this study, we employed a multifaceted approach, integrating label-free Raman spectroscopy and microfluidics to study the mechanisms underpinning ferroptosis. Our investigations included the ferroptosis initiation based on the changes in the lipid Raman band at 1436 cm under different cellular states, the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation, DNA damage/repair, and mitochondrial dysfunction.

Early-stage Alzheimer's disease profiling in blood achieved by multiplexing aptamer-SERS biosensors.

Neurological disorders are the second leading cause of death globally, with Alzheimer's disease (AD) emerging as a significant contributor, responsible for 276 million cases in disability-adjusted life years. Conventional diagnostic methods are often invasive, costly, and place a considerable strain on global healthcare systems. In this study, we presented an innovative and efficient strategy for AD assessment through blood profiling using a multiwell glass chip integrated with aptamer-based surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) biosensors.

A novel nucleic acid extraction system integrating a switching valve-assisted microfluidic cartridge and a constant pressure pump.

Background: Nucleic acid extraction (NAE) is essential in molecular diagnostics, genetic engineering, and DNA sequencing. While advances in switching valve-assisted, self-contained microfluidic (SM) cartridges have improved the NAE processes, challenges persist in streamlining workflows, reducing processing times, and enhancing multi-target detection. Achieving these objectives requires precise control of on-chip fluid dynamics and efficient transfer of nucleic acid solutions (NAS) to detection areas.

MAX-DOAS observations of pollutant distribution and transboundary transport in typical regions of China.

Studying the spatiotemporal distribution and transboundary transport of aerosols, NO, SO, and HCHO in typical regions is crucial for understanding regional pollution causes. In a 2-year study using multi-axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy in Qingdao, Shanghai, Xi'an, and Kunming, we investigated pollutant distribution and transport across Eastern China-Ocean, Tibetan Plateau-Central and Eastern China, and China-Southeast Asia interfaces. First, pollutant distribution was analyzed.

Evaluating the performance of carbon dioxide and methane observations from carbon-monitoring satellite products over China.

As the primary greenhouse gases contributing to climate change, carbon dioxide (CO₂) and methane (CH) play a critical role in the Earth's radiative balance and temperature regulation. Continuous and accurate satellite monitoring of CO₂ and CH₄ is essential for developing effective policies and strategies to mitigate their impacts. This study utilizes ground-based Fourier-transform infrared measurements from the Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON) to evaluate the performance of current mainstream carbon-monitoring satellites over China, the world's largest carbon emitter.

Double-channel sensors for high precision measurement of methane based on a dual-path Herriott cell.

A double-channel methane (CH) sensor was developed using a dual-pass multipass cell (DP-MPC) and a novel method that combines averaging dual-channel concentration signals with optimized detector gain configuration. This DP-MPC features two input/output coupling holes, resulting in absorption path lengths of approximately 95.8 m and 35.

Inhibition of LPS-induced inflammatory response in RAW264.7 cells by natural Chlorogenic acid isomers involved with AKR1B1 inhibition.

Inflammation is the physiological response of the immune system to injury or infection, typically manifested by local tissue congestion, swelling, heat, and pain. Prolonged or excessive inflammation can lead to tissue damage and the development of many diseases. The anti-inflammatory effects of natural ingredients have been extensively researched and confirmed.

A simple spectrogram model for high-accuracy spectral calibration of VIPA spectrometers.

The virtually imaged phased array (VIPA) spectrometer uses the orthogonal dispersion method and has the advantages of compact structure, high spectral resolution, and wide wavelength coverage. It has been widely used in different fields. However, due to the non-linear dispersion of the VIPA etalon and the cross-dispersion structure of the VIPA spectrometer, simple and high-accuracy wavelength calibration remains a challenge.

The Pivotal Role of Heavy Terpenes and Anthropogenic Interactions in New Particle Formation on the Southeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

Aerosol particles originating from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) readily reach the free troposphere, potentially affecting global radiation and climate. Although new particle formation (NPF) is frequently observed at such high altitudes, its precursors and their underlying chemistry remain poorly understood. This study presents direct observational evidence of anthropogenic influences on biogenic NPF on the southeastern QTP, near the Himalayas.

Investigating vertical distributions and photochemical indications of formaldehyde, glyoxal, and NO from MAX-DOAS observations in four typical cities of China.

Formaldehyde (HCHO), glyoxal (CHOCHO), and nitrogen dioxide (NO) are crucial in atmospheric photochemical processes at both surface and elevated altitudes. This study presents synchronous multi-axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) measurements of the vertical distributions of summertime HCHO, CHOCHO and NO in four representative megacities within the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH), Yangtze River Delta (YRD), Sichuan Basin (SB), and Pearl River Delta (PRD) regions of China. The vertical distributions of HCHO and CHOCHO tended to occur at higher altitudes compared to NO, influenced by both primary emissions near the ground and photochemical oxidation processes at elevated altitudes.

Long-term spatiotemporal variations of ammonia in the Yangtze River Delta region of China and its driving factors.

This study focuses on the spatiotemporal distribution, urban-rural variations, and driving factors of ammonia Vertical Column Densities (VCDs) in China's Yangtze River Delta region (YRD) from 2008 to 2020. Utilizing data from the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI), Generalized Additive Models (GAM), and the GEOS-Chem chemical transport model, we observed a significant increase of NH VCDs in the YRD between 2014 and 2020. The spatial distribution analysis revealed higher NH concentrations in the northern part of the YRD region, primarily due to lower precipitation, alkaline soil, and intensive agricultural activities.

Comparison study between nitrate and sulfate aerosols and their coating effect on the scattering properties of mineral aerosol.

The existing numerical models generally employ sulfate instead of nitrate to simulate the scattering properties of aerosol, the corresponding radiative deviation needs to be evaluated urgently. Moreover, the sophisticated mixture of nitrate, sulfate, and mineral particles is formed through a series of chemical reactions, which makes it extremely challenging to understand the scattering properties of atmospheric aerosols. In this study, the core-shell ellipsoid model is used to flexibly characterize the morphology and mixed structures of nitrate, sulfate, and mineral in the fine mode radius range.