Intervention in autism based on Early Start Denver Model in a multiethnic immigrant setting-experiences of preschool staff involved in its implementation.

Background: Early interventions for young children with autism have been shown to enhance developmental outcomes. However, opportunities for targeted interventions in autism, both in care and preschool, are often lacking, particularly in immigrant communities. The early start denver model (ESDM) stands as one of the most well-established intervention models, including improvement in core developmental domains and reduction of maladaptive behaviours, also delivered in preschool settings.

"The package has been opened"- parents' perspective and social validity of an Early Start Denver Model intervention for young children with autism.

Introduction: This study aimed to capture experiences and perspectives of parents of children with autism participating in an intervention program based on the Early Start Denver Model (ESDM). Specifically, we wanted their views regarding feasibility, acceptability, and significance of the intervention program, i.e.

Information access and COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy among foreign-born persons in Sweden - a focus group interview-study.

Background: In most countries, lower rates of COVID-19 vaccination have been observed in foreign-born individuals, yet little is known about the underlying reasons, especially as reported by these individuals themselves. This exploratory interview study investigated lack of information access and hesitancy towards taking the COVID-19 vaccine among foreign-born individuals in Sweden.

Methods: We used purposive sampling to recruit foreign-born adults who expressed being hesitant towards getting vaccinated, as well as health guides and doulas who were assigned to spread COVID-19 related information in immigrant-dense urban areas.

Vitamin D Status and Longitudinal Changes in Body Composition in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease - A Prospective Observational Study.

Background: Alterations in body weight and composition are common in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and are independent predictors for morbidity and mortality. Low vitamin D status is also more prevalent in patients with COPD compared to controls and has been related to lower lung function, muscle atrophy and impaired musculoskeletal function. This study aimed to evaluate the association between vitamin D levels and status with body composition (BC), as well as with its changes over time.

Warfarin intake in relation to diagnosis reduces mortality in patients with colorectal cancer - a register-based study.

Background: Several studies have analyzed the effect of anticoagulants on cancer survival, with varying results. This study aimed to assess the effect of warfarin on survival in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) in relation to timing of warfarin initiation.

Methods: Data on 10,051 individuals aged ≥45 years in the Västra Götaland Region of Sweden, and diagnosed with CRC between 2000 and 2009, were obtained from the Swedish National Cancer Register.

Undervalued essential work and lacking health literacy as determinants of COVID-19 infection risks: a qualitative interview study among foreign-born workers in Sweden.

Objectives: To investigate work and living conditions as determinants of COVID-19 infection risks in foreign-born workers in non-healthcare occupations.

Design: Data were collected according to a qualitative design, using semistructured interviews. Verbatim transcripts of these interviews were analysed according to systematic text condensation.

Adherence to anti-seizure medications in the Swedish Prospective Regional Epilepsy Database and Biobank for Individualized Clinical Treatment (PREDICT).

The aim of this study was to describe the extent of, and risk factors for, non-adherence to anti-seizure medications (ASMs) in adult people with epilepsy (PWE) in Sweden. A cross-sectional multi-centre study was performed of PWEs in western Sweden, with data from medical records, and a questionnaire filled in by the participants including self-reports on how often ASM doses had been forgotten during the past year. Participants were categorized into if they forgot at 0-1 occasion, and if they forgot at 2-10 or >10 occasions.

Prevalence and nature of patient-reported antiseizure medication side effects in a Swedish regional multi-center study.

Purpose: Side effects is one of the major clinical problems in epilepsy care. We assessed the prevalence of ASM side effects in participants in a large regional multicenter observational study in western Sweden and aimed to identify risk factors and inventory the nature of side effects with different ASM regimes.

Methods: Cross-sectional analysis of survey answers and clinical characteristics of 406 adult participants recruited to a regional observational study between December 2020 and March 2023.

Effect of expiratory muscle strength training on voice and speech: An exploratory study in persons with Parkinson's disease or multiple sclerosis.

Purpose: This study explored how respiration, voice, and speech were affected following expiratory muscle strength training (EMST) and maintenance training in persons with Parkinson's disease (PD) or multiple sclerosis (MS).

Method: Nine participants with PD and six with MS participated in a randomised study, where the effects of EMST, sham, and maintenance treatment were investigated. Outcome measures included maximum expiratory pressure (MEP); maximum phonation time (MPT); intelligibility; verbal diadochokinesis (DDK); speech rate; a self-report form on voice, speech, and communication; and open questions about how the participants experienced the intervention.

Neurobehavioral symptoms in children born extremely preterm: A Swedish National Study.

Aim: To determine the prevalence of neurobehavioral symptoms at 6.5 years in children born extremely preterm (EPT, <27 weeks' gestation).

Methods: Population-based cohort study of infants born EPT in Sweden from 2004 to 2007.

Antiseizure medication selection and retention for adult onset focal epilepsy in a Swedish health service region: A population-based cohort study.

Objective: Historically, approximately half of those with newly diagnosed epilepsy have responded to and tolerated the first antiseizure medication (ASM), but there are few contemporary real-world data. Third-generation ASMs have improved tolerability and are increasingly used according to prescription data. We aimed to describe current ASM selection and retention in adult onset focal epilepsy in western Sweden.

The SNABB ADHD treatment scale-An easy-to-use scale on treatment monitoring in childhood ADHD: A pilot study.

Introduction: Information from parents and teachers are essential in the treatment monitoring of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Rating scales are infrequently used in the treatment monitoring, and clinicians are signalling logistic barriers in the administration of rating scales in clinical settings. Here, we aimed to try out a new easy-to-use scale to facilitate information sharing between parents, teachers, and medical staff, in the treatment of childhood ADHD.

Gender Differences in Vitamin D Status and Determinants of Vitamin D Insufficiency in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.

Low vitamin D levels are common in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and have been associated with various adverse COPD-related outcomes. Recent data on vitamin D status in representative COPD cohorts in Scandinavia is lacking. This study aimed to assess vitamin D status and determinants of vitamin D insufficiency in patients with COPD who were attending a specialist secondary care COPD clinic in Southwestern Sweden.

A feasibility study of a new instrument for detection of autism signs in preschool settings. Psychometric properties of the joint attention observation schedule preschool (JA-OBS preschool).

Background: Identifying signs of autism is essential for enabling timely diagnosis and intervention. Children from multiethnic and socioeconomic disadvantaged settings are typically diagnosed with autism later than their general peers. This feasibility study explored the psychometric properties of a new instrument, Joint Attention Observation Schedule Preschool (JA-OBS Preschool), in children with suspected autism.

Risk of obstetric anal sphincter tear among primiparous women with a history of female genital mutilation, giving birth in Sweden.

Background: Female genital mutilation (FGM) includes a range of procedures involving partial or total removal of the external female genitalia. It is a harmful procedure that violates human rights of girls and women. FGM has been associated with obstetric anal sphincter injury (OASI), among other adverse obstetric complications.

Measurement properties of the Swedish clinical outcomes in routine evaluation outcome measures (CORE-OM): Rasch analysis and short version for depressed and anxious out-patients in a multicultural area.

Introduction: The Swedish version of the patient-reported Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation Outcome Measures (CORE-OM) has demonstrated high reliability and acceptable convergent validity in explanatory factor analyses. However, the fundamental scale properties have not yet been validated according to item response theory. The aim of this study was to analyze the measurement properties of the Swedish CORE-OM in a cohort of psychiatric out-patients with depression and anxiety in a multicultural area and to explore combinations of items based on shorter versions of the scale (CORE-10, CORE-6D) to improve measurement properties.

Facilitating health promoting ideas and actions: participatory research in an underserved Swedish residential area.

Background: For an intervention to contribute to decreased health gaps, people living in underserved areas must participate in the research-to-action process during the development of the intervention. The purpose of this study was to collaborate with residents living in a Swedish underserved area to generate health and wellness priorities and actions.

Methods: We applied Group Level Assessment (GLA) together with people living in a Swedish neighborhood where obesity, dental caries and other illnesses are prevalent.

Anxiety severity and cognitive function in primary care patients with anxiety disorder: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Deficits in cognitive performance are reported in patients with anxiety disorders, but research is limited and inconsistent. We aimed to investigate cross-sectional associations between cognitive function, with focus on executive function, and anxiety severity in primary care patients diagnosed with anxiety disorders.

Methods: 189 Swedish patients aged 18-65 years (31% men) with anxiety disorders diagnosed according to Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview were included.

Effects of exercise on symptoms of anxiety in primary care patients: A randomized controlled trial.

Background: There is a need for high-quality research regarding exercise interventions for persons with anxiety disorders. We investigate whether a 12-week exercise intervention, with different intensities, could reduce anxiety symptoms in patients with anxiety disorders.

Methods: 286 patients were recruited from primary care in Sweden.

Framing healthcare professionals in written adverse events: A discourse analysis.

Healthcare professionals have a major responsibility to protect patients from harm. Despite vast efforts to decrease the number of adverse events, the progression of patient safety has internationally been acknowledged as slow. From a social construction perspective, it has been argued that the understanding of patient safety is contextual based on historical and structural rules, and that this meaning construction points out different directions of possible patient safety actions.

Neurodevelopmental problems and quality of life in 6-year-olds with a history of developmental language disorder.

Aim: To explore family-reported neurodevelopmental functioning and quality of life in 6-year-olds who had screened positive for developmental language disorder at age 2.5 years.

Methods: Parents of 85 6-year-old children completed questionnaires about child neurodevelopmental difficulties and quality of life.