A framework for monitoring RSV prevention product effectiveness in the United States.

During 2023, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommended the first respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) immunizations intended for widespread use in the United States to prevent severe RSV illness in infants and older adults. CDC, in collaboration with federal, public health, and academic partners, is conducting evaluations of real-world effectiveness of recommended RSV immunization products in the United States. Similar frameworks for evaluation are being applied to RSV vaccines and nirsevimab, a long-acting preventative monoclonal antibody, to estimate product effectiveness.

Improved ovalbumin accurate quantitative performance in processed foods by full-length isotope-labeled protein.

Ovalbumin (OVA) is a high-risk allergen with complex tertiary structure in food samples. Here, we developed an accurate UPLC-MS/MS-based assay to improve OVA quantitative performance in processed foods. Full-length isotope-labeled OVA proteins (OVA-I) were synthesized using stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) technique and employed as functional internal standards to ensure similar cleavage sites between internal standards and analytes.

Impact of postharvest processing on the health benefits of durian-derived products.

Durian (Durio zibethinus Murr.) is a seasonal fruit with a short harvesting period, requiring postharvest processing such as cutting, peeling, freeze-drying, cooking, and frying to enhance its shelf life and nutritional quality. In this study, fresh Monthong durian (MTD), MTD Sticks, MTD Cake, and MTD Chips were analyzed for polyphenols, phenolic acids, tannins, flavonoids and thermal stability.

Unbiased Metabolomic and Chemometric profiles of three Sargassum polycystum extracts using GCMS and LCMS/MS: content analysis, correlation analysis and molecular docking.

Sargassum polycystum (S. polycystum) is a brown macroalga with a high phytochemical content, making it a nutritious and bioactive food source. However, information on factors contributing to health benefits, like antioxidants and cytotoxicity, is less explored for Malaysian S.

Dual-template epitope imprinted nanoparticles for anti-glycolytic tumor-targeted treatment.

Glycolysis provides tumors with abundant nutrients through glucose (Glu) metabolism. As a therapeutic target, precise targeting and effective inhibition of the glycolysis process remains a major challenge in anti-metabolic therapy. In this study, a novel dual-template molecularly imprinted polymer (D-MIP), capable of specifically recognizing glucose transporter member 1 (GLUT1) and hexokinase-2 (HK2) was prepared for anti-glycolytic tumor therapy.

Effective prediction of organosilicon molecular structures and risks in aquatic environment with machine learning.

Until now, mass spectrometry databases lack molecular information of most organosilicon oligomers, and risk models needing accurate molecular descriptors are unavailable for these emerging contaminants with thousands of monomers. To address this issue, based on molecular/fragment ions and relative abundance from GC-Orbitrap-MS, this study developed appropriate classification (accuracies = 0.750-0.

Evaluating the psychosocial experiences of participants in HIV cure research before, during, and after analytical treatment interruptions: A longitudinal qualitative study in the United States.

The lack of socio-behavioral research on stress and psychosocial experiences among research participants who undergo analytical treatment interruption (ATI) in HIV cure studies underscores a critical gap in cure science. Existing literature acknowledges mixed and potentially adverse mental health impacts of ATIs among trial participants, but empirical insights before, during, and after clinical studies are scarce. We used longitudinal in-depth interviews with 11 participants in HIV cure-related research to explore their experiences with stress, coping, and psychological well-being before, during, and after an ATI.

Thymine-capped mesoporous silica nanoparticles as ion-responsive release system: A paper-based colorimetric sensing platform for rapid and selective mercuric identification.

In this study, a convenient method was proposed for the synthesis of thymine-capped mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) using strong hydrogen bonding in non-protonic solvent. Furthermore, application of the functionalized MSN for the recognition of mercuric ion (Hg) based on a paper-based platform with smartphone-assisted colorimetric detection was developed. The synthesized materials were characterized by techniques including X-ray diffraction (XRD), fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), N adsorption-desorption, particle size analysis, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA).

Disposable and sensitive electrochemical magneto-immunosensor for point-of-care HCV diagnostics: Targeting HCVcAg, the active viremia biomarker, in patient samples.

Early detection of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is crucial for eliminating this silent killer, especially in resource-limited settings. HCV core antigen (HCVcAg) represents a promising alternative to the current "gold standard" HCV RNA assays as an active viremia biomarker. Herein, a highly sensitive electrochemical magneto-immunosensor for the HCVcAg was developed.

Development and validation of an LC-MS/MS method for quantifying total and unbound doravirine in human plasma.

A robust LC-MS/MS method was developed to quantify total and unbound doravirine in plasma samples from patients receiving daily doses of 100 mg doravirine, in combination with lamivudine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, in a phase 3 clinical trial. The trial is ongoing, and sample analysis is planned to commence once all samples have been collected. The method was validated to quantify both total and unbound doravirine using a single calibration curve.

Development and optimization of a high-throughput HPLC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous determination of Cedazuridine, Gemcitabine and its metabolite in mouse plasma.

Gemcitabine (GEM) has been extensively applied in treating various solid tumors. Nonetheless, GEM is easily metabolized in vivo by cytidine deaminase (CDA) to inactive 2', 2'-Difluorodeoxyuridine (dFdU) results in a low oral bioavailability, which limit its clinical application. It was found that Cedazuridine (CDZ) could effectively inhibit the deamination of the drug by CDA, and its combination with GEM might affect the oral bioavailability of GEM.

A new approach on design and verification of integrated sustainable urban drainage systems for stormwater management in urban areas.

Stormwater runoff control is often a concern due to urbanization and extreme rainfall events. Sustainable urban drainage systems can support traditional hydraulic networks in rainwater management by providing local runoff disposal and reuse of collected stormwater. The objective of the study is based on an innovative analytical-probabilistic approach for evaluating the functioning of rainwater tanks in stormwater management with the potential for using collected water for non-potable purposes.

The Presence of Nitrosamines and Nitrosamine Drug-Related Substances in Pharmaceutical Products: An Overview of Regulatory Concerns, Analytical Methodologies, and Control Strategies.

The presence of N-nitrosamine impurities in pharmaceutical products is well known. In 2019, it resulted in drug recall by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Soon, several groups identified the presence of many N-nitrosamines (NAs) in various Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs) and drug formulations worldwide.

Sustainable solar energy deployment: a multi-criteria decision-making approach for site suitability and greenhouse gas emission reduction.

Conventional power generation methods have led to adverse environmental impacts. Thus, the need for a strategic transition to alternative energy sources arises. This study presents a comprehensive approach to sustainable solar energy deployment using multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) techniques.

Structural Categorization of Adenine, Guanine, and Xanthine Derivatives Using Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry with 5-Nitrosalicylic Acid and 1,5-Diaminonaphtalene.

In this study, we analyzed purine derivatives using multimatrix variation matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI MS) with α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (CHCA), 1,5-diaminonaphtalene (DAN), 5-formylsalicylic acid (FSA), and 5-nitrosalicylic acid (NSA) as matrices. Further, we focused on the abstraction/attachment of hydrogen from/to analytes and detected [M - H], [M + 2H] and/or [M + 3H] in MALDI MS spectra of compounds containing nitrogen and/or carbonyl oxygen. Although [M - H] generation of purine compounds in MALDI MS with conventional matrices was challenging, NSA-MALDI MS effectively yielded the [M - H]species of purine derivatives compared with CHCA, FSA, and DAN, and the [M - H]/[M + H] ratios reflected their structures, such as the substituting groups and positions.

Doping in Combat Sports: a systematic review.

Purpose: This systematic review aims to synthesize the current research on doping in combat sports, examining the prevalence, detection methods, prevention strategies, and overall impact on combat sports.

Design/methodology/approach: Of the 21 identified articles, six met the inclusion criteria. A systematic approach was used, including content analysis based on specific criteria: articles in English, original research, and relevance to sport and doping.

Tracking the Geometric and Positional Isomerization of Lipid C═C Bonds in the Bacterial Stress Responses by Mass Spectrometry.

The position and configuration of the C═C bond have a significant impact on the spatial conformation of unsaturated lipids, which subsequently affects their biological functions. Double bond isomerization of lipids is an important mechanism of bacterial stress response, but its in-depth mechanistic study still lacks effective analytical tools. Here, we developed a visible-light-activated dual-pathway reaction system that enables simultaneous [2 + 2] cycloaddition and catalytic - isomerization of the C═C bond of unsaturated lipids via directly excited anthraquinone radicals.

Folic and folinic acid load tests for dynamic assessments of compliance and metabolism in folate deficiency and hyperhomocysteinaemia patients unresponsive to high-dose folate replacement.

We describe the utility of 'folic and folinic acid load tests' in the investigation of a 26-year-old woman with persistently low serum folate and moderate hyperhomocysteinaemia unresponsive to folic acid supplements. Serum folate, plasma 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF), red cell 5-MTHF and plasma total homocysteine at baseline, 2-h, 4-h and 2- or 4-days (if applicable) post administration of a large dose of oral folic acid, or oral or parenteral folinic acid were measured. The tests confirmed non-compliance but also suggested an unsuspected possible defect in the folate pathway based on differential response to folic versus folinic acid supplements.

Behind the scenes of EQA-characteristics, capabilities, benefits and assets of external quality assessment (EQA).

The main stakeholders in external quality assessment (EQA) programs are the participants, in whose interests these challenges are ultimately organised. EQA schemes in the medical field contribute to improving the quality of patient care by evaluating the analytical and diagnostic quality of laboratory and point-of-care tests (POCT) by independent third parties and, if necessary, pointing out erroneous measurement results and analytical or diagnostic improvement potential. Other benefits include the option of using EQA samples for other important laboratory procedures, such as the verification or validation of diagnostic medical devices (IVD-MDs), a contribution to the estimation of measurement uncertainty, a means of training and educating laboratory staff through educational EQA programmes or samples, or even for independent and documented monitoring of staff competence, such as on samples with unusual or even exceptional characteristics.

Feed Intolerance With Short Term Use of Commercial Pasteurized Donor Human Milk Versus Preterm Formula in Addition to Mother's Milk: A Retrospective Analytical Study.

This retrospective study compared the rate of feed intolerance in preterm neonates delivered at £ 30 weeks gestation who received pasteurised donor human milk (n = 83) versus preterm formula (n = 41) to meet the deficits in available volumes of mother's own milk in the first 2 weeks of life. Feed intolerance was not higher in neonates who received preterm formula than those who received pasteurized donor human milk (24.4% vs 20%; OR (95% CI) 0.

Detection rate for ESR1 mutations is higher in circulating-tumor-cell-derived genomic DNA than in paired plasma cell-free DNA samples as revealed by ddPCR.

Plasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA) analysis to track estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1) mutations is highly beneficial for the identification of tumor molecular dynamics and the improvement of personalized treatments for patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC). Plasma-cfDNA is, up to now, the most frequent liquid biopsy analyte used to evaluate ESR1 mutational status. Circulating tumor cell (CTC) enumeration and molecular characterization analysis provides important clinical information in patients with MBC.

Appraising the Effects of Gut Microbiota on Insomnia Risk Through Genetic Causal Analysis.

BackgroundInsomnia is a common neurological disorder that exhibits connections with the gut microbiota; however, the exact causal relationship remains unclear. MethodsWe conducted a Mendelian randomization (MR) study to systematically evaluate the causal effects of genus-level gut microbiota on insomnia risk in individuals of European ancestry. Summary-level datasets on gut microbiota were sourced from the genome-wide association study (GWAS) of MiBioGen, while datasets on insomnia were obtained from the GWAS of Neale Lab and FinnGen.

Weight cycling exacerbates glucose intolerance and hepatic triglyceride storage in mice with a history of chronic high fat diet exposure.

Background: Obese subjects undergoing weight loss often fear the Yoyo dieting effect, which involves regaining or even surpassing their initial weight. To date, our understanding of such long-term obesity and weight cycling effects is still limited and often based on only short-term murine weight gain and loss studies. This study aimed to investigate the long-term impacts of weight cycling on glycemic control and metabolic health, focusing on adipose tissue, liver, and hypothalamus.