Innovations in Practice: Brief behavioral parent training for children with impairing ADHD characteristics - a pilot study.

Background: Behavioral parent training (BPT) is a well-established intervention for children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but most programs are long, which may limit their accessibility. This could be improved by making programs shorter. Here, we studied (1) the feasibility of a new brief BPT program and its procedures, and (2) pre-post changes in daily rated problem behaviors (primary outcome), children's disruptive behaviors, ADHD/ODD characteristics, impairment, and parents' sense of parenting competence (secondary outcomes).

Comparison of ROTEM® Delta and ROTEM® Sigma transfusion algorithm performance in thoracic aortic surgery: a single-centre prospective observational cohort study.

Background: Thromboelastometry plays a key role in many transfusion algorithms. ROTEM® Sigma is the fully automated successor of ROTEM® Delta. Compatibility with current ROTEM® Delta-based algorithms remains uncertain.

Dupilumab improves sense of smell and clinical outcomes in patients with severe chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps with anosmia.

Objective: Loss of sense of smell is a cardinal symptom of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) and significantly impacts health-related quality-of-life. Dupilumab significantly improved smell outcomes (loss of smell [LoS] score; University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test [UPSIT]) versus placebo in the phase 3 SINUS-24/-52 studies (clinicaltrials.gov, NCT02898454/NCT02912468) in patients with severe CRSwNP.

Expert consensus recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of chronic non-bacterial osteitis (CNO) in adults.

Background: There is considerable practice variation in labelling, diagnosis and treatment of adults with sterile bone inflammation. We developed a expert consensus recommendations on the disease definition, diagnosis and treatment of this rare condition.

Methods: Systematic literature review and Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations-based appraisal of evidence, two Delphi surveys and three digital and in-person consensus meetings with a multidisciplinary expert panel and patient representatives.

Utilization of hematopoietic cell transplantation and cellular therapy technology in Europe and associated Countries. Using the 2022 activity survey data to correlate with economic and demographic factors. A report from the EBMT.

We looked at treatment rates and center density across countries for patients treated in 2022; 46,143 HCTs (19,011 (41.2%) allogeneic, 27,132 (58.8%) autologous) reported by 689 centers.

Recommendations for the training and practice of fetal cardiology from the Association of European Paediatric Cardiology.

Prenatal detection of cardiac abnormalities has increased significantly over the past few decades, such that fetal cardiology has developed into a sub-specialty of paediatric and congenital cardiology. As this speciality develops further and extends across Europe and more globally, it is important to standardize the requirements for training and subsequent practice, to optimize prenatal diagnosis and perinatal care. In addition to the knowledge and technical skills required to make a correct diagnosis, the counseling of families after diagnosis and the planning of appropriate perinatal management is equally important.

Cancer incidence and mortality among patients with new-onset atrial fibrillation: A population-based matched cohort study.

Background: Understanding the risk of cancer after the diagnosis of another condition can present opportunities for earlier diagnosis. We examined the risk of cancer diagnosis conditional on prior diagnosis of atrial fibrillation (AF).

Methods: Linked electronic health records were used to identify patients aged ≥18 with new-onset AF and age-sex-matched controls.

Inno4Vac Workshop Report Part 1: Controlled Human Influenza Virus Infection Model (CHIVIM) Strain Selection and Immune Assays for CHIVIM Studies, November 2021, MHRA, UK.

Controlled human infection models (CHIMs) are a critical tool for the understanding of infectious disease progression, characterising immune responses to infection and rapid assessment of vaccines or drug treatments. There is increasing interest in using CHIMs for vaccine development and an obvious need for widely available and fit-for-purpose challenge agents. Inno4Vac is a large European consortium working towards accelerating and de-risking the development of new vaccines, including the development of CHIMs for influenza, respiratory syncytial virus and Clostridioides difficile.

Effects of gestational age on blood cortisol and prolactin levels during pregnancy in malaria endemic area.

Background: The hormonal shift occurring in pregnant women is crucial for the outcome of pregnancy. We conducted a study in pregnant women living in a malaria endemic area to determine the potential effect of gestational age on the modulation of the endocrine system by cortisol and prolactin production during pregnancy.

Methods: Primigravidae and multigravidae with a gestational age between 16-20 weeks were included in the study and followed up to delivery and 6-7 weeks thereafter.

PrimerX: A Bayesian Multistage Cohort Embedded Randomised Trial to Evaluate the Role of Deferred Local Therapy of the Primary Tumour in Combination with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-based First-line Therapy in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Patients.

Background: Historically, patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) have been offered upfront cytoreductive nephrectomy (CN) followed by systemic therapy. Currently, CN is no longer the standard of care (SOC) based on the randomised phase 3 CARMENA study performed in the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor era. With the advent of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) combination therapy in first line, the role of CN needs to be reassessed.

Recent advances in chronic rhinosinusitis: pathophysiology, treatments, and outcome measures.

This review discusses major developments in chronic rhinosinusitis. The latest papers on prevalence of the disease, the burden for patients and society, the lack of awareness, the development of patient classifications and the consequences for the management of the disease. Our discussion includes major developments in the treatment of the disease with biologics but also their limitations.

Evolving use and clinical outcomes of coronary intravascular lithotripsy: insights from an international, multicentre registry.

Background: Intravascular lithotripsy (IVL) is increasingly used for treatment of coronary artery calcification. This study aimed to evaluate contemporary utilisation patterns, safety and efficacy of IVL in an unselected real-world patient cohort.

Methods: We included 454 patients undergoing IVL from May 2019 to February 2024 across seven centres in two European countries.

Addressing cancer survivors' information needs and satisfaction: a systematic review of potential intervention components for survivors with a rare cancer type.

Objective: Providing current, evidence-based information to cancer survivors is critical for informed decision making. People diagnosed with a rare cancer report higher unmet information needs compared to common cancer survivors. However, interventions providing informational support for rare cancers are limited.

Prediction of metachronous advanced colorectal neoplasia by KRAS mutation in polyps.

Background: The potential of molecular markers in the removed polys as reliable predictors of metachronous lesions is still uncertain.

Aim: Our aim was to evaluate the role of somatic mutations in KRAS in polyps of patients with high-risk adenomas to predict the risk of advanced polyps or colorectal cancer (CRC) within 3 years.

Methods: A total of 518 patients were prospectively enrolled.

Harm-to-Benefit Ratio of Fecal Immunochemical Test-Based Screening for Colorectal Cancer Given Prior Fecal Hemoglobin Concentrations.

Background And Aims: This study aimed to provide evidence on the harm-to-benefit ratio of fecal immunochemical test (FIT)-based colorectal cancer (CRC) screening by previous fecal hemoglobin (f-Hb) concentrations, as reflected in the number needed to screen (NNS) and number needed to scope (NNSc).

Methods: Participants in up to 4 FIT screening rounds of the Dutch CRC screening program were included. The main outcomes of this study were the NNS and NNSc to detect 1 CRC and/or advanced neoplasia (AN) in screening rounds 2, 3, or 4, conditional on previous f-Hb concentrations.