Efficacy and Toxicity of Calcitonin Treatment in Children with Cherubism: A Single-Center Cohort Study.

Cherubism is a rare autosomal dominant disease characterized by expansile osteolytic jawbone lesions. The effect and safety of off-label calcitonin treatment during the progressive phase of the disease are not well described. In this retrospective study, we present data on the radiological response and adverse effects of subcutaneously administered calcitonin in a cohort of nine cherubism children (three female, six male).

Pediatric body composition based on automatic segmentation of computed tomography scans: a pilot study.

Background: Body composition during childhood may predispose to negative health outcomes later in life. Automatic segmentation may assist in quantifying pediatric body composition in children.

Objective: To evaluate automatic segmentation for body composition on pediatric computed tomography (CT) scans and to provide normative data on muscle and fat areas throughout childhood using automatic segmentation.

Inflammatory and glycolytic programs underpin a primed blood neutrophil state in patients with pneumonia.

Neutrophils are potent immune cells with key antimicrobial functions. Previous work has shown that neutrophil effector functions are mainly fueled by intracellular glycolysis. Little is known about the state of neutrophils still in the circulation in patients during infection.

Single-cell profiling reveals age-associated immunity in atherosclerosis.

Aims: Aging is a dominant driver of atherosclerosis and induces a series of immunological alterations, called immunosenescence. Given the demographic shift towards elderly, elucidating the unknown impact of aging on the immunological landscape in atherosclerosis is highly relevant. While the young Western diet-fed Ldlr-deficient (Ldlr-/-) mouse is a widely used model to study atherosclerosis, it does not reflect the gradual plaque progression in the context of an aging immune system as occurs in humans.

The mental health impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and exposure to other potentially traumatic events up to old age.

We investigated whether the impact of potentially traumatic events (PTEs) on trauma-related symptoms changes across the transitional adult lifespan (i.e., 16-100 years old) and if this association differs for self-reported COVID-19-related PTEs compared to other PTEs.

Clinical Psychology and the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Mixed Methods Survey Among Members of the European Association of Clinical Psychology and Psychological Treatment (EACLIPT).

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has affected people globally both physically and psychologically. The increased demands for mental health interventions provided by clinical psychologists, psychotherapists and mental health care professionals, as well as the rapid change in work setting (e.g.

Exposure-based treatments for childhood abuse-related post-traumatic stress disorder in adults: a health-economic evaluation.

Prolonged exposure (PE) is an effective treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This study aimed to analyse the cost-effectiveness of three exposure-based treatments in patients with childhood abuse-related PTSD. A net-benefit analysis was conducted alongside a pragmatic randomized controlled trial with participants (= 149) randomized to three conditions: PE (48), intensified PE (i-PE, = 51), and phase-based PE [Skills Training in Affective and Interpersonal Regulation (STAIR) + PE, = 50].

Continuous versus Pulsatile Flow in 24-Hour Vascularized Composite Allograft Machine Perfusion in Swine: A Pilot Study.

Introduction: Multiple perfusion systems have been investigated on vascularized composite allografts, with various temperatures and different preservation solutions, most using continuous flow (CF). However, physiological flow is pulsatile and provides better outcomes in kidney and lung ex vivo perfusions. The objective of this pilot study is to compare pulsatile flow (PF) with CF in our 24-h subnormothermic machine perfusion protocol for swine hindlimbs.

A comparison of how deep brain stimulation in two targets with anti-compulsive efficacy modulates brain activity using fMRI in awake rats.

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an established neuromodulatory intervention against otherwise treatment-refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Several DBS targets, all of which are part of brain networks connecting basal ganglia and prefrontal cortex, alleviate OCD symptoms. Stimulation of these targets is thought to unfold its therapeutic effect by modulation of network activity through internal capsule (IC) connections.

Current state of artificial intelligence-based algorithms for hospital admission prediction in patients with heart failure: a scoping review.

Aims: Patients with congestive heart failure (HF) are prone to clinical deterioration leading to hospital admissions, burdening both patients and the healthcare system. Predicting hospital admission in this patient group could enable timely intervention, with subsequent reduction of these admissions. To date, hospital admission prediction remains challenging.

Moderated digital social therapy for young people with emerging mental health problems: A user-centered mixed-method design and usability study.

Introduction: Over 25% of Dutch young people are psychologically unhealthy. Individual and societal consequences that follow from having mental health complaints at this age are substantial. Young people need care which is often unavailable.

High flow nasal cannula for acute respiratory failure due to COVID-19 in patients with a 'do-not-intubate' order: A survival analysis.

Introduction: High flow nasal cannula (HFNC) reduces the need for intubation in patients with hypoxaemic acute respiratory failure (ARF), but its added value in patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and a do-not-intubate (DNI) order is unknown. We aimed to assess (variables associated with) survival in these patients.

Materials And Methods: We described a multicentre retrospective observational cohort study in five hospitals in the Netherlands and assessed the survival in COVID-19 patients with severe acute respiratory failure and a DNI order who were treated with high flow nasal cannula.

The effectiveness of a mobile intervention to reduce young adults' alcohol consumption to not exceed low-risk drinking guidelines.

Background: Young adults' drinking habits often exceed low-risk drinking guidelines. As young adults show increased access, use, and interest in personalized content related to physical and mental well-being, mobile applications might be a suitable tool to reach this target group. This study investigates the effectiveness of "Boozebuster", a self-guided mobile application incorporating various therapeutic principles to reduce young adults' alcohol consumption to not exceeding low-risk drinking guideline levels, compared to an educational website condition.

Sex differences in imaging and clinical characteristics of patients from the WAKE-UP trial.

Background And Purpose: Sex-based differences in acute ischemic stroke are a well-known phenomenon. We aimed to explore these differences between women and men in the Efficacy and Safety of MRI-Based Thrombolysis in Wake-Up Stroke (WAKE-UP) trial.

Methods: We compared baseline demographic and imaging characteristics (visual fluid-attenuated inversion recovery [FLAIR] positivity, relative FLAIR signal intensity, collateral status) between women and men in all screened patients.

Chromosomal Instability, Selection and Competition: Factors That Shape the Level of Karyotype Intra-Tumor Heterogeneity.

Intra-tumor heterogeneity (ITH) is a pan-cancer predictor of survival, with high ITH being correlated to a dismal prognosis. The level of ITH is, hence, a clinically relevant characteristic of a malignancy. ITH of karyotypes is driven by chromosomal instability (CIN).

RANKL inhibition for giant cell lesions of the jaw: A retrospective cohort analysis.

Background: In all giant-cell-rich lesions (GCRL) occurring in bone, a common underlying excessive RANKL expression is held responsible for the osteolytic activity. Apart from giant cell tumour of bone (GCTB), systematic outcome analysis of RANKL inhibition in other GCRL is unavailable. The aim of this study is to assess the efficacy and safety of a 1-year denosumab protocol in giant cell lesions of the jaw (GCLJ).

Rectal microbiota are coupled with altered cytokine production capacity following community-acquired pneumonia hospitalization.

Human studies describing the immunomodulatory role of the intestinal microbiota in systemic infections are lacking. Here, we sought to relate microbiota profiles from 115 patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), both on hospital admission and following discharge, to concurrent circulating monocyte and neutrophil function. Rectal microbiota composition did not explain variation in cytokine responses in acute CAP (median 0%, IQR 0.