Incidence, diagnostics, therapeutic management and outcomes of paediatric intestinal pseudo-obstruction in the Netherlands: A 20-year retrospective cohort study.

Objectives: To describe incidence, clinical course, diagnostic and therapeutic management and long-term follow-up of paediatric intestinal pseudo-obstruction (PIPO) in the Netherlands between 2000 and 2020.

Methods: Multicenter, national, retrospective, observational study including patients aged <18 years diagnosed with PIPO and treated between 2000 and 2020 in Dutch academic medical centres. Outcomes included demographics, incidence, symptoms, diagnostic- and treatment methods used during follow-up, number of hospital admissions and mortality.

Congenital Heart Defects in Patients with Anorectal Malformations: A Retrospective Cohort Study of 281 Patients.

In patients born with anorectal malformations (ARM), additional congenital heart defects (CHD) can occur. We aimed to provide an overview on disease and treatment details of CHD identified in patients born with ARM, from a unique large cohort of a very rare disease. We performed a retrospective single-center cohort study between January 2000 and July 2023.

Longitudinal changes in bifidobacterial population during the first two years of life.

Early life microbiota encompasses of a large percentage of Bifidobacterium, while it is not sufficiently understood how the Bifidobacterium population develops after infant's birth. Current study investigated the longitudinal changes in Bifidobacterium population during the first two years of life in 196 term born infants (1,654 samples) using 16S rRNA-23S rRNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence analysis. Throughout the first two years of life, Bifidobacterium breve, Bifidobacterium longum subsp.

Erratum: Missed Proximal Tracheoesophageal Fistula (TEF) in a Neonate with Type D Esophageal Atresia.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1055/a-2227-6389.].

Enhanced Th17 responses in the appendix of children with complex compared to simple appendicitis are associated with microbial dysbiosis.

Introduction: Appendicitis is one of the most common causes of acute abdominal surgery in children. The clinical course of appendicitis ranges from simple to complex appendicitis. The mechanisms underlying the heterogeneity of appendicitis in children remain largely unclear.

Missed Proximal Tracheoesophageal Fistula (TEF) in a Neonate with Type D Esophageal Atresia.

We present the case of a patient with the rare type D esophageal atresia (EA), diagnosed after correction of an EA initially diagnosed as type C. Routine postoperative contrast esophagogram showed a missed proximal tracheoesophageal fistula. This case report illustrates the potential difficulties to diagnose type D EA.

Trends in Simple and Complex Appendicitis in Children and the Potential Correlation to Common Viral Pathogens-A Retrospective Cohort Study between 2010 and 2019 in The Netherlands.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the annual, seasonal and monthly trends in children with simple and complex appendicitis and their correlation to common viral pathogens in the Netherlands. A consecutive multicenter retrospective cohort study was performed between 2010 and 2019 including children (<18 years) surgically treated for appendicitis. The primary outcome was the distribution of children with simple and complex appendicitis per year, season and month.

Anatomical Gynecological Anomalies in Girls Born with Anorectal Malformations: A Retrospective Cohort Study of 128 Patients.

Study Objective: In girls born with an anorectal malformation (ARM), anatomical gynecological anomalies (GA) may be present and might need treatment. Therefore, the aim of this study was to provide an overview of GA in girls born with ARM in our cohort. Additionally, diagnostic timing and methods for GA were assessed.

The Prevalence and Clinical Impact of Transition Zone Anastomosis in Hirschsprung Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Hirschsprung disease (HD) is characterized by absent neuronal innervation of the distal colonic bowel wall and is surgically treated by removing the affected bowel segment via pull-through surgery (PT). Incomplete removal of the affected segment is called transition zone anastomosis (TZA). The current systematic review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the prevalence and clinical impact of TZA.

Appendicitis and its associated mortality and morbidity in infants up to 3 months of age: A systematic review.

Background And Aims: Although appendicitis is rare in young infants, the reported mortality is high. Primary aim of this systematic review was to provide updated insights in the mortality and morbidity (postoperative complications, Clavien-Dindo grades I-IV) of appendicitis in infants ≤3 months of age. Secondary aims comprised the evaluation of patient characteristics, diagnostic work-up, treatment strategies, comorbidity, and factors associated with poor outcome.

Children with an Anorectal Malformation Going to Primary School: The Parent's Perspective.

Background: Continence problems occur often in children with anorectal malformations (ARM). The aim of this study was to evaluate parental experiences with toilet facilities at Dutch primary schools and their experience with how schools deal with ARM children.

Methods: This survey was developed in collaboration with the national patient advocacy group (PAG).

Additional Anomalies in Children with Gastroschisis and Omphalocele: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: Congenital abdominal wall defects might be associated with other anomalies, such as atresia in gastroschisis and cardiac anomalies in omphalocele patients. However, in the current literature, an overview of these additional anomalies and potential patient-specific risk factors is missing. Therefore, we aimed to assess the prevalence of associated anomalies and their patient-specific risk factors in patients with gastroschisis and omphalocele.

Spinal cord anomalies in children with anorectal malformations: a retrospective cohort study.

Purpose: First, to assess the number of spinal cord anomalies (SCA), specifically tethered spinal cord (TSC) in patients with anorectal malformations (ARM), identified with spinal cord imaging (i.e. spinal cord US and/or MRI).

The Importance of Screening for Additional Anomalies in Patients with Anorectal Malformations: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: In children with anorectal malformations (ARM), additional anomalies can occur within the VACTERL-association. Routine screening is of great importance for early identification and potential treatment. However, uniformity in screening protocols is lacking and only small cohorts have been described in literature.

The association between exposure to antibiotics in the first week of life and later otitis media: The INCA study.

Unlabelled: Otitis media (OM) is one of the most common diagnoses in preschool-age children. Its pathophysiology is poorly understood, but is associated with changes in the nasopharyngeal microbiome, immune system, and presence of allergies. These, in turn, can be affected by early-life antibiotic exposure.

Outcomes after Surgical Treatment for Rectal Atresia in Children: Is There a Preferred Approach? A Systematic Review.

Rectal atresia (RA) affects only 1 to 2% of all children with anorectal malformations. No consensus on optimal treatment strategy is yet achieved. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review is to summarize all surgical interventions for RA and outcomes described in the current literature.

Microbial effects of prebiotics, probiotics and synbiotics after Caesarean section or exposure to antibiotics in the first week of life: A systematic review.

Background And Aims: Disruption of the developing microbiota by Caesarean birth or early exposure to antibiotics may impact long-term health outcomes, which can potentially be prevented by nutritional supplements. This systematic review aimed to summarise the evidence regarding the effects of prebiotics, probiotics and synbiotics on the intestinal microbiota composition of term infants born by Caesarean section or exposed to antibiotics in the first week of life.

Methods: A systematic search was performed from inception to August 2022 in Medline and Embase.

Clinical outcomes following pre-, pro- and synbiotic supplementation after caesarean birth or antibiotic exposure in the first week of life in term born infants: A systematic review of the literature.

Background: Caesarean section and early exposure to antibiotics disrupt the developing gastrointestinal microbiome, which is associated with long-term health effects.

Objective: The aim of this systematic review was to summarise the impact of prebiotics, probiotics, or synbiotics supplementation on clinical health outcomes of term infants born by caesarean section or exposed to antibiotics in the first week of life.

Design: A systematic search was performed in Medline and Embase from inception to August 2021.

Safety of Thioguanine in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Multi-Center Case Series.

Objectives: Thioguanine (TG) has been shown as a safe alternative in adults with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) who did not tolerate conventional thiopurines [azathioprine (AZA)/mercaptopurine]. However, data in pediatric IBD are scarce. Therefore, we aimed to assess the safety of TG as maintenance therapy.

Faecal Metabolomics in Paediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review.

Background And Aims: Paediatric inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] is characterized by altered immunological and metabolic pathways. Metabolomics may therefore increase pathophysiological understanding and could develop into characterization of biomarkers for diagnosis and IBD treatment response. However, no uniform metabolomic profiles have been identified to date.

Risk factors for complications in patients with Hirschsprung disease while awaiting surgery: Beware of bowel perforation.

Background: Patients with Hirschsprung disease (HD) mostly undergo surgery around the age of three to six months. While awaiting surgery, therapy to treat the obstruction such as transanal irrigation (TAI) or laxatives is applied. The aim of this study was to gain insight in the prevalence and severity of complications occurring while awaiting surgery and to identify patient characteristics associated with the development of these complications.