Differential indexing in Kamang: a viewpoint alternation.

In Kamang (Alor-Pantar, Indonesia), some verbs alternate between indexing the S or P argument with a prefix (from several different series) and occurring unprefixed; that is, Kamang has differential argument indexing. Through a qualitative study of a spoken-language corpus, this paper investigates the alternation between one of the prefix series and zero-marking. Previously described as indicating increased patientivity on intransitive motion and posture verbs, the alternation is here analysed in terms of a shift in event view: unprefixed verbs express events holistically, while prefixed verbs shift the viewpoint towards the "elaboration phase", the temporal and causal middle and end of an event.

Children's reliance on pointing and mutual exclusivity in word-referent mapping: The role of vocabulary and language exposure.

This study explored monolingual and multilingual two- to five-year-olds' reliance on a non-verbal and a verbal cue during word-referent mapping, in relation to vocabulary knowledge and, for the multilinguals, Dutch language exposure. Ninety monolingual and sixty-seven multilingual children performed a referential conflict experiment that pitted a non-verbal (pointing) cue and a verbal (mutual exclusivity) cue. Mixed-effect regressions showed no main effects of vocabulary and language exposure.

Comparison of Diffusion-weighted MRI using Singe-Shot Echo-planar Imaging (SS-EPI) and Split Acquisition of Fast Spin Echo Signal (SPLICE) Imaging, a non-EPI technique, in Tumors of the Head and Neck.

Background And Purpose: Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) using single-shot echo planar imaging (DW-EPI) is susceptible to distortions around air-filled cavities and dental fillings, typical for the head and neck area. Non-EPI, Split acquisition of fast spin echo signals for diffusion imaging (DWSPLICE) could reduce these distortions and enhance image quality, thereby potentially improving recurrence assessment in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the head and neck region. This study evaluated whether DW-SPLICE is a viable alternative to DW-EPI through quantitative and qualitative analyses.

Training morphosyntactic skills in Dutch preschoolers with (presumed) Developmental Language Disorder: A novel group-based intervention.

Background: Morphosyntactic problems are a core symptom of Developmental Language Disorder (DLD). In the Netherlands, children with (presumed) DLD can receive special care in language-focused treatment groups. The focus of these groups mainly lies in improving communicative intentions, vocabulary and phonology.

Vowel harmony preferences in infants growing up in multilingual Ghana (Africa).

Infants' preference for vowel harmony (VH, a phonotactic constraint that requires vowels in a word to be featurally similar) is thought to be language-specific: Monolingual infants learning VH languages show a listening preference for VH patterns by 6 months of age, while those learning non-VH languages do not (Gonzalez-Gomez et al., 2019; Van Kampen et al., 2008).

Processing reduced speech in the L1 and L2: a combined eye-tracking and ERP study.

We examined the cognitive processes underlying the comprehension of reduced word pronunciation variants in natives and advanced learners of French. In a passive listening visual world task, participants heard sentences containing either a reduced or a full form and saw pictures representing the target word, a phonological competitor and two neutral distractors. After each sentence they saw a picture and had to decide whether it matched the content of that sentence.

Overcoming data scarcity in radiomics/radiogenomics using synthetic radiomic features.

Purpose: To evaluate the potential of synthetic radiomic data generation in addressing data scarcity in radiomics/radiogenomics models.

Methods: This study was conducted on a retrospectively collected cohort of 386 colorectal cancer patients (n = 2570 lesions) for whom matched contrast-enhanced CT images and gene TP53 mutational status were available. The full cohort data was divided into a training cohort (n = 2055 lesions) and an independent and fixed test set (n = 515 lesions).

Dysphagia After Total Laryngectomy: An Exploratory Study and Clinical Phase II Rehabilitation Trial with the Novel Swallowing Exercise Aid (SEA 2.0).

The aims of this exploratory study and clinical phase II trial were to assess the specific nature and extent of dysphagia in laryngectomized patients with self-reported dysphagia, and its rehabilitation potential using the novel Swallowing Exercise Aid (SEA 2.0). Twenty laryngectomized patients participated in a six-week exercise program with the SEA 2.

The Enhanced Literate Mind Hypothesis.

In the present paper, we describe the Enhanced Literate Mind (ELM) hypothesis. As individuals learn to read and write, they are, from then on, exposed to extensive written-language input and become literate. We propose that acquisition and proficient processing of written language ("literacy") leads to, both, increased language knowledge as well as enhanced language and nonlanguage (perceptual and cognitive) skills.

Bayesian evidence synthesis as a flexible alternative to meta-analysis: A simulation study and empirical demonstration.

Synthesizing results across multiple studies is a popular way to increase the robustness of scientific findings. The most well-known method for doing this is meta-analysis. However, because meta-analysis requires conceptually comparable effect sizes with the same statistical form, meta-analysis may not be possible when studies are highly diverse in terms of their research design, participant characteristics, or operationalization of key variables.

Lymphedema and Trismus after Head and Neck Cancer, and the Impact on Body Image and Quality of Life.

Background: To assess the prevalence of chronic lymphedema and trismus in patients > 6 months after head and neck cancer (HNC) treatment, and to explore how the severity of these conditions correlates with body image and quality of life.

Methods: The cross-sectional sample included 59 patients, treated for HNC between six months to three years ago. Physical measurements were performed to assess the presence of external lymphedema and trismus (<36 mm).

Prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea after treatment for advanced T-stage head and neck cancer.

Purpose: Treatment of head and neck cancer (HNC) may lead to obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), but conclusive results on the prevalence of OSA are lacking. The objective of this study is to investigate the prevalence of OSA in a cohort of patients treated for advanced T-stage HNC.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in two tertiary cancer care centers including patients at least 1 year after treatment with curative intent with surgery and/or (chemo)radiotherapy ((C)RT) for advanced T-staged (T3-4) cancer of the oral cavity, oropharynx, hypopharynx, or larynx.

Quantifying Articulatory Working Space in Individuals Surgically Treated for Oral Cancer With Electromagnetic Articulography.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to quantify sentence-level articulatory kinematics in individuals treated for oral squamous cell carcinoma (ITOC) compared to control speakers while also assessing the effect of treatment site (jaw vs. tongue). Furthermore, this study aimed to assess the relation between articulatory-kinematic measures and self-reported speech problems.

Test-Retest Reliability of a Protocol for Assessment of Local Tissue Water in the Head and Neck Area.

Lymphedema measurement is vital to select appropriate treatment and monitor its progress. Quantifying lymphedema in the head and neck area is challenging. The use of tissue dielectric constant (TDC) measurements has shown promising results in other body areas.

Non-adjacent dependency learning from variable input: investigating the effects of bilingualism, phonological memory, and cognitive control.

Introduction: One proposed advantage of bilingualism concerns the ability to extract regularities based on frequency information (statistical learning). Specifically, it has been proposed that bilinguals have an advantage in statistical learning that particularly holds in situations of variable input. Empirical evidence on this matter is scarce.

Practical Reasoning and Practical Argumentation: A Stakeholder Commitment Approach.

This paper examines the conceptual and terminological overlap between theories and models of practical deliberation developed within the fields of Practical Reasoning (PR) and Practical Argumentation (PA). It carefully delineates the volitional, epistemic, normative, and social commitments invoked and explicates various rationales for attributing the label 'practical' to instances of reasoning and argumentation. Based on these analyses, the paper develops a new approach to practical deliberation called the Stakeholder Commitment Approach (SCA).

Diversifying language acquisition research can be (partly) achieved in urban societies and with simplified methodologies: Insights from multilingual Ghana.

There is a large consensus (e.g., Cristia, Foushee, Aravena-Bravo, Cychosz, Scaff & Casillas, 2022; Kidd & Garcia, 2022) that diversification in language acquisition research is needed.

Dynamic effects of bilingualism on brain structure map onto general principles of experience-based neuroplasticity.

Bilingualism has been linked to structural adaptations of subcortical brain regions that are important for controlling multiple languages. However, research on the location and extent of these adaptations has yielded variable patterns, especially as far as the subcortical regions are concerned. Existing literature on bilingualism-induced brain restructuring has so far largely overseen evidence from other domains showing that experience-based structural neuroplasticity often triggers non-linear adaptations which follow expansion-renormalisation trajectories.

A systematic review of validated assessments methods for head and neck lymphedema.

Purpose: This systematic review aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of the validity and reliability of existing measurement instruments for quantifying head and neck lymphedema.

Methods: Four databases were searched on January 31st, 2022. The COnsensus-based Standards for selecting health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) checklists were used for the risk of bias (ROB) assessment.

Sign advantage: Both children and adults' spatial expressions in sign are more informative than those in speech and gestures combined.

Expressing Left-Right relations is challenging for speaking-children. Yet, this challenge was absent for signing-children, possibly due to iconicity in the visual-spatial modality of expression. We investigate whether there is also a modality advantage when speaking-children's co-speech gestures are considered.