Influence of compression garments on fatigue behaviour during running based on nonlinear dynamical analysis.

The purpose of this study was to assess quantitatively the effects of compression garments (CGs) on fatigue behaviour during sport activities such as running, which are the subject of a series of qualitative and physiological studies. A quantitative biomechanical analysis of the effects of CGs could assist coaches and athletes to adopt these types of performance enhancement garments. In this research, kinematic changes are measured using 2D phase portraits to study the influence of CGs on fatigue behaviour.

EEG Signals Classification Related to Visual Objects Using Long Short-Term Memory Network and Nonlinear Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Regression.

By gaining insights into how brain activity is encoded and decoded, we enhance our understanding of brain function. This study introduces a method for classifying EEG signals related to visual objects, employing a combination of an LSTM network and nonlinear interval type-2 fuzzy regression (NIT2FR). Here, ResNet is utilized for feature extraction from images, the LSTM network for feature extraction from EEG signals, and NIT2FR for mapping image features to EEG signal features.

Investigation of mechanical behavior of slag-stabilized rammed earth reinforced by carpet polyacrylic yarn waste.

This investigation addresses the reinforcement of rammed earth (RE) structures by integrating carpet polyacrylic yarn waste (CPYW) generated from the carpet production process and employing Ground Granulated Blast-Furnace Slag (GGBS) as a stabilizer, in conjunction with alkali activators potassium hydroxide (KOH), to enhance their mechanical properties. The study included conducting Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) tests and Brazilian Tensile Strength (BTS) tests on plain samples, GGBS-stabilized (SS) samples, CPYW-reinforced (CFS) samples, and samples reinforced with a combination of GGBS and CPYW (SCFS). The results showed that the mechanical and resistance properties of the CFS and SCFS samples were improved; these findings were confirmed by the presence of more cohesive GGBS gel and fibers as seen in FE-SEM and microscopic images.

Mechanobiological enhancement of electrospun PCL/nHA membranes for guided tissue regeneration applications.

This study aims to investigate the effects of adding nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) to electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL) membranes for use in dental root regeneration. Porous membranes containing varying amounts of nHA (0, 1, 1.5, and 2.

Machine learning with knowledge constraints for design optimization of microring resonators as a quantum light source.

With careful design and integration, microring resonators can serve as a promising foundation for developing compact and scalable sources of non-classical light for quantum information processing. However, the current design flow is hindered by computational challenges and a complex, high-dimensional parameter space with interdependent variables. In this work, we present a knowledge-integrated machine learning framework based on Bayesian Optimization for designing squeezed light sources using microring resonators.

Development of Bioinspired Biphasic Calcium Phosphate Inks for Manufacturing Bone Scaffolds by Robocasting.

Robocasting calcium phosphate compounds as a novel approach to creating customized structures with interconnected pores not only overcomes the limitations of traditional fabrication methods of calcium phosphate substitutes but also boosts the potential for bone tissue regeneration. The ink development is a key step in 3D printing. In this study, different inks consisting of magnesium- and sodium-doped carbonated hydroxyapatite, β-tricalcium phosphate, and Pluronic F-127 were prepared to design biomimetic bone scaffolds.

In Situ Gelling Silk Fibroin/ECM Hydrogel With Sustained Oxygen Release for Neural Tissue Engineering Applications.

In situ gelling, cell-laden hydrogels hold promise for regenerating tissue lesions with irregular shapes located in complex and hard-to-reach anatomical sites. A notable example is the regeneration of neural tissue lost due to cerebral cavitation. However, hypoxia-induced cell necrosis during the vascularization period imposes a significant challenge to the success of this approach.

Interfacial tension reduction using nitrogen graphene quantum dots with various precursors, molar ratios, and synthesis durations for enhanced oil recovery.

Nanofluids have the capacity to reduce interfacial tension (IFT) of crude oil and water for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) operations, but traditional nanoparticles are limited in tight reservoirs due to their inappropriate size for micro-nano pores and their tendency to aggregate. In this paper, Graphene Quantum Dots (GQDs) with simple and favorable properties are developed, and their performance and mechanism for reducing IFT are evaluated. The paper also aims to explore the effects of GQD precursor type, synthesis duration, and molar percentages of precursors on reducing IFT.

A numerical investigation into the strength of offshore jacket platforms considering time-variant zonal corrosion subjected to alternative ship impacts.

In addition to the usual loads, fixed jacket offshore platforms can be exposed to accidental loads from ship collisions. Indentation of tubular components is a significant defect that occurs when a supply vessel collides with a jacket platform, which can affect the ultimate strength of the offshore platform. This paper performs a nonlinear dynamic analysis using ABAQUS software to evaluate the ultimate strength of a wellhead jacket platform and to investigate its structural response to two consecutive impacts from a 2700-ton ship.

Application of rhodamine B as thermochromic sensor for evaluation of performance of cold paint.

A thermochromic pigment, derived from reaction of ethylenediamine and rhodamine B known as MA-RB, has been successfully developed. This pigment showcases temperature-controlled visible color-transformation properties in both solid and solution states. The thermochromic pigment MA-RB exhibits a notable color change from light pink to rose red, triggered by thermal excitation.

Hand gestures classification of sEMG signals based on BiLSTM-metaheuristic optimization and hybrid U-Net-MobileNetV2 encoder architecture.

Surface electromyography (sEMG) data has been extensively utilized in deep learning algorithms for hand movement classification. This paper aims to introduce a novel method for hand gesture classification using sEMG data, addressing accuracy challenges seen in previous studies. We propose a U-Net architecture incorporating a MobileNetV2 encoder, enhanced by a novel Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BiLSTM) and metaheuristic optimization for spatial feature extraction in hand gesture and motion recognition.

Effect of nickel and copper shells on mechanical properties of advanced lightweight TPU metamaterials during uniaxial compression.

This study explores the impact of metallic shells by electroforming method on the mechanical behavior of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)-based lattice structures. First, the TPU lattice structures were printed by additive manufacturing technique. Then layers of Ni and Cu as a thin shell were dressed on the TPU lattice structures in the electroforming baths of Ni and Cu solutions.

Modeling peak ground acceleration for earthquake hazard safety evaluation.

This paper presents a ground motion prediction (GMP) model using an artificial neural network (ANN) for shallow earthquakes, aimed at improving earthquake hazard safety evaluation. The proposed model leverages essential input variables such as moment magnitude, fault type, epicentral distance, and soil type, with the output variable being peak ground acceleration (PGA) at 5% damping. To develop this model, 885 data pairs were obtained from the Pacific Engineering Research Center, providing a robust dataset for training and validation.

Functional and Structural Improvement of Engineered Cardiac Microtissue Using Aligned Microfilaments Scaffold.

To enhance therapeutic strategies for cardiovascular diseases, the development of more reliable in vitro preclinical systems is imperative. These models, crucial for disease modeling and drug testing, must accurately replicate the 3D architecture of native heart tissue. In this study, we engineered a scaffold with aligned poly(lactic--glycolic acid) (PLGA) microfilaments to induce cellular alignment in the engineered cardiac microtissue (ECMT).

Feasibility study of using next-generation reservoir computing (NG-RC) model to estimate liver tumor motion from external breathing signals.

Background: Respiratory motion is a challenge for accurate radiotherapy that may be mitigated by real-time tracking. Commercial tracking systems utilize a hybrid external-internal correlation model (ECM), integrating continuous external breathing monitoring with sparse X-ray imaging of the internal tumor position.

Purpose: This study investigates the feasibility of using the next generation reservoir computing (NG-RC) model as a hybrid ECM to transform measured external motions into estimated 3D internal motions.

EEG-based deception detection using weighted dual perspective visibility graph analysis.

Deception detection is a critical aspect across various domains. Integrating advanced signal processing techniques, particularly in neuroscientific studies, has opened new avenues for exploring deception at a deeper level. This study uses electroencephalogram (EEG) signals from a balanced cohort of 22 participants, consisting of both males and females, aged between 22 and 29, engaged in a visual task for instructed deception.

A novel case-based reasoning system for explainable lung cancer diagnosis.

Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer death worldwide. The survival rate is generally higher when this disease is detected in its early stages. Advances in artificial intelligence (AI) have enabled the development of decision support systems that help physicians diagnose diseases.

Superabsorbent Capped Truncated Silica Microcone Arrays: Fabrication and Extended Laplace Pressure and Gibbs Free Energy Study.

The ability of a surface to completely absorb a liquid droplet is an important property that can be controlled by geometrical structure and chemical composition of the surface. Here, using Laplace pressure and Gibbs free energy (GFE) considerations, a capped truncated microcone array geometry is proposed to obtain a near zero degree for contact angle (θ) of a water droplet. Our results showed that two essential conditions must be met to achieve a superabsorbent surface.

Viscoelastic Behavior of Cellular Biomaterials Based on Octet-Truss and Tetrahedron Topologies.

Cellular biomaterials offer unique properties for diverse biomedical applications. However, their complex viscoelastic behavior requires careful consideration for design optimization. This study explores the effective viscoelastic response of two promising unit cell designs (tetrahedron-based and octet-truss) suitable for high porosity and strong mechanics.

Advances and Challenges in Polymer-Based Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering: A Path Towards Personalized Regenerative Medicine.

Polymers have become essential in advancing bone tissue engineering, providing adaptable bone healing and regeneration solutions. Their biocompatibility and biodegradability make them ideal candidates for creating scaffolds that mimic the body's natural extracellular matrix (ECM). However, significant challenges remain, including degradation by-products, insufficient mechanical strength, and suboptimal cellular interactions.

Janus Films Wound Dressing Comprising Electrospun Gelatin/PCL Nanofibers and Gelatin/Honey/Curcumin Thawed Layer.

A promising approach for wound treatment is using multilayer wound dressings that offer multifunctional properties. In this study, a bilayered electrospun/hydrogel gelatin-based scaffold integrated with honey and curcumin was developed to treat wounds under an in vivo study. The first layer consisted of an enzymatic cross-linked gelatin hydrogel containing honey and curcumin, which gelatin/PCL nanofibers reinforced.

Piezoelectric scaffold based on polycaprolactone/thermoplastic polyurethane/barium titanate/cellulose nanocrystal for bone tissue engineering.

This study presents the development of a novel piezoelectric scaffold for bone tissue engineering composed of poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL), thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), barium titanate (BT), and cellulose nanocrystals (CNC). PCL and TPU are considered advantageous materials because of their ease of processing, versatility in design, and ability to degrade over time; however, their inherent immiscibility poses challenges to achieving optimal porous structures. In this study, porous scaffolds were produced using gas foaming and salt leaching techniques, resulting in highly porous interconnected scaffolds exhibiting considerable elasticity that is suitable for dynamic cell culture while avoiding the use of toxic solvents.

Sensitivity analysis and thermodynamic evaluation of a combined cooling, heating and power system utilizing exhaust gases of smelting furnace.

Exhaust gases from the smelting furnace have high temperature and mass flow rate, and there is huge potential to use them for energy-related purposes such as electricity generation, cooling and heating. Utilization of the gases for energy-related purposes would lead to fuel savings and emissions reduction. To use this potential, it is necessary to design proper systems and cycles and apply a heat recovery unit.

Evaluation of design parameters on the outcome of intrastromal ring surgery using biomechanical simulations.

Background: The cornea plays a role in the refractive power of the eye, and when its natural curvature and thickness are compromised by diseases such as keratoconus or high myopia, this results in loss of visual acuity. Intracorneal rings (ICRs) were developed as a treatment option to restore the natural corneal curvature by implanting rings into tunnels cut within the corneal stroma. However, selecting and placing the appropriate ring can be difficult, and predicting refractive outcomes is challenging.