Celiac disease autoimmunity among Nigerian children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Background: Celiac disease (CD) affects the small intestine and can hinder nutrient absorption. It is found worldwide and common in certain groups of people including individuals with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM). However, the prevalence of CD in the West African region is not documented.

Exploring the Effect of Exercise versus Metformin on Insulin Resistance amongst Nigerians with Pre-diabetes: A Randomised Controlled Trial.

Background: Pre-diabetes is an important risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes and is common in Nigeria. Effective intervention can reverse the underlying pathogenesis of insulin resistance in pre-diabetes. This study aimed to determine and compare the impact of moderate exercise and metformin interventions on insulin resistance among participants with pre-diabetes.

Effect of Exercise Versus Metformin among Nigerians with Prediabetes: A Randomised Controlled Trial.

Background: Prediabetes is an important risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes and is common in Nigeria. Prediabetes often progresses to type 2 diabetes but effective intervention can reverse the carbohydrate intolerance associated with the condition. No studies have been reported among Nigerians on the natural outcome or effect of intervention in prediabetes.

Cancer histotypes and trends in Azare, Northeast Nigeria: impact of diagnostic support disparity in data reporting.

Background: Definitive, affordable, and timely diagnosis of cancer is key to providing data for surveillance and control programmes. Care disparities have been shown to contribute to poorer survival, especially in resource-constrained populations. Here, we describe the profile of histologically diagnosed cancers in our hospital and highlight the possible effects of inadequate diagnostic support on data reporting.

Strategies to improve healthcare services for patients with sickle cell disease in Nigeria: The perspectives of stakeholders.

Sickle cell disease (SCD) continues to pose physical and psychosocial burdens to patients, caregivers and health workers. Stakeholder engagement in the processes of policy making and implementation is increasingly becoming the cornerstone of best practices in healthcare. To engage stakeholders with a view to assessing the knowledge of SCD; ascertain the challenges associated with accessibility and affordability of healthcare services; improve the quality of care, and thereby effect behavioral change through increasing attendance and follow-up of patients in the clinics.

The Pattern and Impact of Social Media Use among Orthodontists and Orthodontic Resident Doctors in Nigeria.

Background: This study aims to assess the orthodontists'/orthodontic resident doctors' use of social media, social variables such as gender and age grouping and the impact of social media use on orthodontic practice.

Methodology: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among Orthodontists and orthodontic residents in the country. This study involved a convenient sampling.

Children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus in Nigeria: clinical characteristics and compliance with care.

Objectives: The prevalence of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is increasing in most developed and developing countries. This study described the clinical characteristics and compliance with care among Nigerian children and adolescents with T1DM.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive multi-center study of children seen at the paediatric endocrinology clinic of seven selected tertiary health facilities in Nigeria.

Outcome of Hydroxyurea Use in SCD and Evaluation of Patients' Perception and Experience in Nigeria.

Hydroxyurea (HU) has been shown to be beneficial in the management of sickle cell disease (SCD) as it improves treatment outcomes. However, despite the benefits of HU, its uptake among SCD patients in Nigeria remains low. This study aimed to assess the perception and experience of patients with SCD in Nigeria who are using or had used HU, thereby informing and promoting its use.

A Prospective Cohort Study of the Clinical Predictors of Bacteremia in Under-Five Children With Acute Undifferentiated Fever Attending a Secondary Health Facility in Northwestern Nigeria.

Background: Children with acute febrile illness with no localizing signs often receive antibiotics empirically in most resource-poor settings. However, little is known about the burden of bacteremia in this category of patients, and an appraisal is thus warranted. This will guide clinical practice and promote rational antibiotics use.

Predictors of antibiotic prescriptions: a knowledge, attitude and practice survey among physicians in tertiary hospitals in Nigeria.

Background: As part of the Global Action Plan against antimicrobial resistance (AMR), countries are required to generate local evidence to inform context-specific implementation of national action plans against AMR (NAPAR). We aimed to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) regarding antibiotic prescriptions (APR) and AMR among physicians in tertiary hospitals in Nigeria, and to determine predictors of KAP of APR and AMR.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we enrolled physicians practicing in tertiary hospitals from all six geopolitical zones of Nigeria.

SARS-CoV 2 Infection (Covid-19) and Cardiovascular Disease in Africa: Health Care and Socio-Economic Implications.

The current pandemic of SARS-COV 2 infection (Covid-19) is challenging health systems and communities worldwide. At the individual level, the main biological system involved in Covid-19 is the respiratory system. Respiratory complications range from mild flu-like illness symptoms to a fatal respiratory distress syndrome or a severe and fulminant pneumonia.

Prognostic significance of BIRC7/Livin, Bcl-2, p53, Annexin V, PD-L1, DARC, MSH2 and PMS2 in colorectal cancer treated with FOLFOX chemotherapy with or without aspirin.

Evasion of apoptosis is associated with treatment resistance and metastasis in colorectal cancer (CRC). Various cellular processes are associated with evasion of apoptosis. These include overexpression of pro-apoptotic proteins (including p53 and PD-L1), anti-apoptotic proteins (BIRC7/Livin and Bcl-2), chemokine receptors (including DARC), and dysregulation of DNA mismatch repair proteins (including MSH2 and PMS2).

Sickle cell disease clinical phenotypes in Nigeria: A preliminary analysis of the Sickle Pan Africa Research Consortium Nigeria database.

Background/objective: Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a monogenic disease with multiple phenotypic expressions. Previous studies describing SCD clinical phenotypes in Nigeria were localized, with limited data, hence the need to understand how SCD varies across Nigeria.

Method: The Sickle Pan African Research Consortium (SPARCO) with a hub in Tanzania and collaborative sites in Tanzania, Ghana and Nigeria, is establishing a single patient-consented electronic database with a target of 13,000 SCD patients.

Giant Encephalocele in Sokoto, Nigeria: A 5-Year Review of Operated Cases.

Objective: Encephalocele is a common congenital malformation of the central nervous system; however, giant encephaloceles are rare. The use of folic acid supplementation and termination of pregnancies, which are prenatally diagnosed with encephaloceles and other congenital malformation of the central nervous system, has significantly reduced the occurrence of this type of congenital malformation, especially in developed countries.

Methods: This was a retrospective review over a 5-year period from January 2006 to December 2010 at the Department of Neurosurgery, Regional Centre for Neurosurgery, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, Nigeria.

Clinicoepidemiology of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo in Nigerian.

Objective: Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is poorly reported in developing countries. This study aimed at determining the prevalence, aetiology, and comorbid illnesses of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo in our center.

Materials And Methods: This was a prevalence hospital-based study of all patients with the diagnosis of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV).

The prevalence of asthma and allergic rhinitis in Nigeria: A nationwide survey among children, adolescents and adults.

Purpose: Asthma is an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and information on the prevalence of asthma in Nigeria is inconsistent. Nationally representative data, important for health planning is unavailable. We aimed to determine the current prevalence of asthma and allergic rhinitis in Nigeria.

Asthma management and control in Nigeria: the asthma insight and reality Nigeria (AIRNIG) study.

: The state of asthma management and asthma control at the population level in Nigeria is unknown. We aimed to determine the level of asthma control and asthma management practices in Nigeria. : A cross-sectional population-based study of 405 participants with current asthma (physician-diagnosed with use of asthma medication or asthma symptoms in the preceding 12 months).

Nigerian surgical outcomes - Report of a 7-day prospective cohort study and external validation of the African surgical outcomes study surgical risk calculator.

Background: Surgical outcomes study for individual nations remains important because of international differences in patterns of surgical disease. We aimed to contribute to data on post-operative complications, critical care admissions and mortality following elective surgery in Nigeria and also validate the African Surgical Outcomes Study (ASOS) surgical risk calculator in our adult patient cohort.

Materials And Methods: We conducted a 7-day, national prospective observational cohort study in consented consecutive patients undergoing elective surgery with a planned overnight hospital stay following elective surgery during a seven-day study period.

Characteristics and Management of Childhood Tinnitus in a Developing Country.

Objectives: Tinnitus is a commonly neglected otologic symptom among children in developing country. This study aimed at determining the prevalence, clinical characteristics, diagnosis and management of childhood tinnitus in a developing country.

Method: This prospective hospital based study of patients' age 18 years and below with complaints of tinnitus was conducted in Ear, Nose and Throat Department of Ekiti state UniversityTeaching Hospital,Ado Ekiti,Nigeria between April 2016 to March 2018.

APOL1, CDKN2A/CDKN2B, and HDAC9 polymorphisms and small vessel ischemic stroke.

Objective: Worldwide, the highest frequencies of APOL1-associated kidney variants are found in indigenous West Africans among whom small vessel disease (SVD) ischemic stroke is the most common stroke phenotype. The objective of this study was to investigate the association and effect sizes of 23 selected SNPs in 14 genes of relevance, including the APOL1 G1 variants, with the occurrence of SVD ischemic stroke among indigenous West African participants in the Stroke Investigative Research and Education Network (SIREN) Study.

Materials And Methods: Cases were consecutively recruited consenting adults (aged 18 years or older) with neuroimaging-confirmed first clinical stroke.

Primary versus delayed primary closure of laparotomy wounds in children following typhoid ileal perforation in Ile-Ife, Nigeria.

Background: The optimal management strategy for dirty abdominal wounds has yet to be determined, but studies indicate that delayed primary closure (DPC) may be a reliable method of reducing surgical site infection (SSI) rate in these wounds. In this study, of dirty laparotomy wounds following typhoid ileal perforation (TIP), the SSI rate, incidence of wound dehiscence, and length of hospital stay (LOS) are compared in wounds primarily closed to those closed in the delayed primary fashion.

Patients And Methods: The study was conducted over a 12-month period.

Development and Reliability of a User-Friendly Multicenter Phenotyping Application for Hemorrhagic and Ischemic Stroke.

Background: Annotation and Image Markup on ClearCanvas Enriched Stroke-phenotyping Software (ACCESS) is a novel stand-alone computer software application that allows the creation of simple standardized annotations for reporting brain images of all stroke types. We developed the ACCESS application and determined its inter-rater and intra-rater reliability in the Stroke Investigative Research and Educational Network (SIREN) study to assess its suitability for multicenter studies.

Methods: One hundred randomly selected stroke imaging reports from 5 SIREN sites were re-evaluated by 4 trained independent raters to determine the inter-rater reliability of the ACCESS (version 12.