Modifying outcome expectancies and behavioral reinforcers to induce quit attempts among young adult smokers.

Research has shown that outcome expectancies predict smoking behavior, and expectancy challenge interventions can reduce smoking. This study tested the hypothesis that supplementing expectancy challenge with a behavioral activation intervention promoting increased exposure to alternative reinforcers would help increase motivation to quit and induce actual quit attempts within the following month among young adult smokers. Smokers, aged 18-35 (N = 159, of whom 93 provided one-month follow-up data) and not required to be interested in quitting at the point of enrollment, were randomized to (a) the combined cognitive-behavioral intervention, (b) a cognitive-only expectancy challenge, or (c) a neutral reading (control) task.

Comprehensive Behavioral (ComB) Treatment of Trichotillomania: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Objective: This study is the first controlled trial of comprehensive behavioral (ComB) treatment of trichotillomania (TTM). ComB provides individualized treatment based on factors triggering and maintaining hair pulling.

Method: Participants (N = 36) were adults (M = 34.

Development and validation of the cigarette smoking consequences looming scale.

Introduction: Experimental manipulations intended to alter cognitive appraisals of smoking-related threats may affect cigarette smoking and motivation to quit. However, no previous measure has directly assessed perceptions of smoking-related threats as increasing and coming closer in space and/or time (i.e.