Diagnostic and therapeutic hysteroscopy in Ethiopia: a retrospective study on practice and outcomes.

Background: Hysteroscopy is considered the standard for evaluating the uterine cavity. Limited data exists regarding hysteroscopy in Ethiopia. Therefore, the objective of the study was to describe the diagnostic and operative hysteroscopic procedures at St.

Benefit from dose-dense adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer: subgroup analyses from the randomised phase 3 PANTHER trial.

Background: It is unclear whether some patients with high-risk breast cancer do not warrant adjuvant dose-dense chemotherapy due to small expected absolute benefit.

Methods: The phase 3 PANTHER trial (NCT00798070) compared adjuvant sequential epirubicin/cyclophosphamide (EC) and docetaxel (D) administered in either tailored dose-dense (tDD EC/D) or standard interval schedule (FEC/D) to patients with high-risk resected early breast cancer (n = 2003). We compared outcomes across key subgroups of interest, evaluated the performance of the online prognostication and treatment benefit estimation tool PREDICT and conducted a subpopulation treatment effect pattern plot (STEPP) analysis.

Age and serum Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH) levels as predictors of time to return of menses after chemotherapy.

Chemotherapeutic agents result in the loss of growing follicles, which can manifest as amenorrhoea. Alkylating chemotherapy (AC) is known to be more gonadotoxic than non-alkylating chemotherapy (NAC). Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH), an indirect marker of ovarian reserve, and age have been investigated as predictors of ovarian function after chemotherapy, however little is known about the time to return of menses.

McIndoe Vaginoplasty in MRKHS: Case Report and Literature Review.

Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome (MRKHS) is a rare congenital disorder characterized by agenesis of the uterus and upper two-thirds of the vagina. It affects around 1 in 4000-5000 females and is of two types: type 1, also known as isolated Müllerian aplasia or Rokitansky, which involves only uterovaginal agenesis, and type 2, presents as uterovaginal agenesis along with renal, cardiac, and other organ anomalies. Despite the absence of vaginal and uterine structures, individuals with MRKHS typically present with normal secondary sexual characteristics and ovarian functions.

Causal Relationship Between Endometriosis, Female Infertility, and Primary Ovarian Failure Through Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization.

Background: Endometriosis and its associated gynecological diseases such as female infertility and primary ovarian failure (POF), impose a long-term disease burden on women. This study aims to explore the causal relationships between these conditions through a two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) study.

Methods: We utilized large-scale GWAS data and conducted bidirectional MR analyses using methods such as Inverse Variance Weighted (IVW) and MR-Egger to assess the causal relationships between endometriosis and female infertility, POF, amenorrhoea, and oligomenorrhoea.

Osseous metaplasia of the endometrium presenting as haematometra: a rare presentation.

Osseous metaplasia of the endometrium is a rare condition involving the bone tissue in the endometrial cavity. Its presence along with haematometra is an infrequent condition and is not reported until now. We present a case of a woman in her mid-30s with primary infertility and secondary amenorrhoea.

Assessing the effectiveness of the Pregnancy And Newborn Diagnostic Assessment system on the quality of antenatal care in Burkina Faso: A cluster-randomised controlled trial.

Introduction: The Pregnancy and Newborn Diagnostic Assessment (PANDA) system is a mobile application designed to facilitate diagnosis and decision-making by healthcare staff in antenatal care (ANC). This study aimed to evaluate its effectiveness in improving the quality of ANC.

Methods: This randomised controlled trial implemented the PANDA system in two groups of health facilities (intervention and comparison groups) using a matched-pair method in the Koupéla health district, Burkina Faso.

Virilization, Ovarian Hyperthecosis and Torsion Masquerading as Malignancy: A Case Report.

Background: Premenopausal females with signs of androgen excess and oligomenorrhea are commonly evaluated for polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) or for an androgen-secreting tumor if a pelvic mass is present. Ovarian hyperthecosis (OHT) as a cause of these symptoms in adolescents is rare.

Case: A 15-year-old female with primary amenorrhea and signs of virilization was referred to Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology after pelvic imaging demonstrated a pelvic mass, suspected to be arising from the right ovary, and an adjacent paratubal cyst.

Branch retinal artery occlusion in a young patient with Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser type 2 syndrome.

Retinal vascular occlusions are rare in young people, and any occlusion warrants an extensive clinical evaluation to establish the etiology. Cardiac malformations are a source of embolism. We present a case of atrial septal defect (ASD) in a patient with type II Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome, leading to unilateral branch retinal arterial occlusion (BRAO) in a young woman.

Unveiling the Unknown: Nicaragua's First Recorded Case of Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser Syndrome.

Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser (MRKH) syndrome is a congenital disorder affecting the female reproductive system, primarily characterized by the absence or underdevelopment of the uterus and upper two-thirds of the vagina, with preserved ovarian function and normal secondary sexual characteristics. It is a rare disease though prevalence may vary based on genetic and environmental factors. This report details a case of a 26-year-old female patient with a history of smoking, alcohol use, and prior inguinal hernioplasty, presenting with primary amenorrhea and inability to engage in vaginal intercourse.

Contraception with levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system versus copper intrauterine device: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Background: Globally, approximately 19.4% of women of reproductive age use intrauterine contraception, encompassing both copper intrauterine devices (Cu-IUDs) and levonorgestrel intrauterine devices (LNG-IUDs). Despite current guidelines endorsing intrauterine contraception as a primary method, there remains debate regarding device selection.

The associations between calorie tracking, body image dissatisfaction, eating disorders, and menstrual cycle characteristics in resistance-trained athletes.

Background: While body image dissatisfaction (BID) and eating disorders (EDs) are relatively common in athletes (ranging from 11% to 67% of athletes, depending on the sport) [1], they are also prevalent in weight-class restricted sports (a common format in strength sports), and among physique athletes [2]. These athletes manipulate their nutrition to reach aesthetic or body weight standards and, in that process, may undergo prolonged periods of low energy availability. Low energy availability, defined as consuming insufficient energy for one's lean mass and exercise activity, can lead to Relative Energy Deficiency in sport (REDs), a syndrome that can impact menstrual cycle (MC) symptoms (and many other aspects of physiology and psychology) [3].

Davydov-Moore vaginoplasty in Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome: sexual and surgical outcomes.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare surgical and sexual outcomes after Davidov-Moore vaginoplasty in women with Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome (MRKH).

Methods: In the case-series study, we described seven women, at a median age of 22.6 ± and BMI 22.

Identification of novel variants and candidate genes in women with 46,XX complete gonadal dysgenesis.

Background: 46,XX complete gonadal dysgenesis (46,XX-CGD) is a rare disorder of sexual development (DSD) characterized by primary amenorrhea and a lack of spontaneous pubertal development in individuals with a 46,XX karyotype despite the presence of female internal and external genitalia due to failure of bilateral ovarian development. The condition is genetically heterogeneous, and in most cases, its etiology is unknown. Determining the genetic cause would provide insights into potential targets for genetic diagnosis and counseling.

A Case Report of Retroperitoneal Ectopic Pregnancy and Review of Literature.

Background: Retroperitoneal ectopic pregnancy (REP) is a rare form of ectopic pregnancy, in which fertilised eggs are implanted in the retroperitoneal cavity. Due to its atypical location and non-specific symptoms, REP is often misdiagnosed, leading to delayed treatment. This condition poses serious risks owing to its proximity to the retroperitoneal blood vessels.

17α-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase deficiency (17-OHD): A Meta-analysis of Reported Cases.

Purpose: Homozygous pathogenic variants in the CYP17A1 gene result in defective activity of the steroidogenic enzymes 17α-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase resulting in the clinical syndrome 17-OHD characterised by hypertension, hypokalaemia, and disorders of sexual development. Pathogenic variants of CYP17A1 lead to complete or partial loss of enzymatic activity and clinical presentations of varying severity. This study aimed to examine relationships between CYP17A1 genotype and clinical presentation in a global cohort.

Disseminated Tuberculosis Masquerading as a Uterine Cervical Mass in an Immunocompetent Young Female: A Case Report.

Concurrent tubercular involvement of two or more non-contiguous organs is termed disseminated tuberculosis (TB) and is rare in immunocompetent patients. We describe the case of a young immunocompetent woman with disseminated TB who presented with primary complaints of amenorrhea and dysuria. Abdominal ultrasound showed a uterine cervical mass, which on histopathological evaluation revealed epithelioid granulomata with Langhans giant cells and acid-fast bacilli (AFB).