The impact of weight self-stigma on weight-loss treatment engagement and outcome.

Background: Individuals with overweight or obesity often endure significant weight-based prejudice and discrimination in various settings. Experiencing weight-related stigma is linked to many adverse psychosocial outcomes. Weight self-stigma is when an individual internalizes and identifies with negative attributes ascribed to people with larger bodies and has self-devaluing thoughts because of their weight and is associated with poorer health outcomes.

Impact of California's naloxone co-prescription law on emergency department visits, 30-day mortality, and prescription patterns.

Objective: Opioid overdose is a public health epidemic adversely impacting individuals and communities. To combat this, California passed a law mandating that prescribers offer a naloxone prescription in certain circumstances. Our objective was to evaluate associations with California's naloxone prescription mandate and emergency department (ED) overdose visits/hospitalizations, opioid and naloxone prescribing, and 30-day mortality.

Impact of diet adherence on weight and lipids among African American participants randomized to vegan or omnivorous diets.

Objective: Prior research has found that plant-based diets (PBDs) are rated as acceptable and have similar levels of adherence as compared to other therapeutic dietary approaches; however, previous studies were mostly among white populations. Plant-based diets can produce clinically meaningful weight loss, but outcomes may vary by level of adherence. The goal of this study was to examine the differences in weight and lipids among participants in the Nutritious Eating with Soul study based on adherence to their diet assignment.

Disentangling the genetic underpinnings of neuropsychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer's disease in the Alzheimer's Disease Sequencing Project: Study design and methodology.

Introduction: Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) are highly prevalent in Alzheimer's disease (AD). There are no effective treatments targeting these symptoms.

Methods: To facilitate identification of causative mechanistic pathways, we initiated an effort (NIH: U01AG079850) to collate, harmonize, and analyze all available NPS data (≈ 100,000 samples) of diverse ancestries with whole-genome sequencing data from the Alzheimer's Disease Sequencing Project (ADSP).

Creation of a resident-led medical student education committee.

The Resident-Student Education Committee (RSEC) is a novel approach to integrate and expand medical student education within an emergency medicine (EM) residency at a large academic center. There is a paucity of literature on such programs and there is no documentation of longitudinal initiatives with residents serving as specialty-specific advisors to students throughout medical school. The goals of creating the RSEC were to expand and improve the student educational experiences in EM, strengthen the connection between students and EM residents, and foster resident career development through sustainable leadership and teaching opportunities.

Intraoperative Ultrasound for the Management of Oral Tongue Cancer: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Objective: To evaluate for correlation between intraoperative ultrasound (IOUS)-measured tumor thickness (TT) (uTT) and histopathological TT (hTT), and to compare IOUS-assisted resection with conventional resection in patients with oral tongue cancers.

Data Sources: Ovid MEDLINE (1946-2023), Embase.com (1947-2023), and Web of Science (All Databases 1900-2023).

Building a framework to decolonize global emergency medicine.

Background: Global emergency medicine (GEM) is situated at the intersection of global health and emergency medicine (EM), which is built upon a history of colonial systems and institutions that continue to reinforce inequities between high-income countries (HICs) and low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) today. These power imbalances yield disparities in GEM practice, research, and education.

Approach: The Global Emergency Medicine Academy (GEMA) of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine formed the Decolonizing GEM Working Group in 2020, which now includes over 100 worldwide members.

Reduced exercise capacity occurs before intrinsic skeletal muscle dysfunction in experimental rat models of pulmonary hypertension.

Reduced exercise capacity in pulmonary hypertension (PH) significantly impacts quality of life. However, the cause of reduced exercise capacity in PH remains unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate whether intrinsic skeletal muscle changes are causative in reduced exercise capacity in PH using preclinical PH rat models with different PH severity.

Cognitive dispersion is related to subtle objective daily functioning changes in older adults with and without cognitive impairment.

Early detection of cognitive and functional decline is difficult given that current tools are insensitive to subtle changes. The present study evaluated whether cognitive dispersion on neuropsychological testing improved prediction of objectively assessed daily functioning using unobtrusive monitoring technologies. Hierarchical linear regression was used to evaluate whether cognitive dispersion added incremental information beyond mean neuropsychological performance in the prediction of objectively assessed IADLs (i.

Leveraging seasonality and timing to optimize pediatric weight management interventions: Novel directions for future research.

National estimates suggest that more than 35% of American children, ages 2-19 years, are overweight or obese, which increases their risk for weight-related comorbidities including diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular disease risk factors, depression, and anxiety. While obesity prevention is most cost-effective, for youth with existing obesity, the United States Preventive Services Task Force recommends ≥26 h of comprehensive lifestyle intervention over 6-12 months. This include standard behavioral therapy, dietary counseling, and an emphasis on physical activity.

Gaps in pediatric emergency medicine education of emergency medicine residents: A needs assessment of recent graduates.

Background: More than 90% of pediatric patients presenting to emergency departments (EDs) in the United States are evaluated and treated in community-based EDs. Recent evidence suggests that mortality outcomes may be worse for critically ill pediatric patients treated at community EDs. The disparate mortality outcomes may be due to inconsistency in pediatric-specific education provided to emergency medicine (EM) trainees during residency training.

Digital phenotyping: An equal opportunity approach to reducing disparities in Alzheimer's disease and related dementia research.

A rapidly aging world population is fueling a concomitant increase in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related dementias (ADRD). Scientific inquiry, however, has largely focused on White populations in Australia, the European Union, and North America. As such, there is an incomplete understanding of AD in other populations.

Blueprint for the development of resuscitation and emergency critical care fellowships.

The volume of critically ill patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) is increasing rapidly. Continued growth will likely further stress an already strained U.S.

Unfilled in emergency medicine: An analysis of the 2022 and 2023 Match by program accreditation, ownership, and geography.

Background: The two most recent National Resident Matching Program (NRMP) Match cycles saw a high number of initially unfilled emergency medicine (EM) residency positions. We sought to identify the risk of EM residency program characteristics including accreditation duration, primary clinical site ownership status, and geography pertaining to not initially filling all positions.

Methods: We performed a repeated cross-sectional observational study of EM residency programs participating in the 2022 and 2023 NRMP Match cycles and used publicly available data from the NRMP, the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, and the U.

Deletion of the gene increases severity of acute lung injury in obese mice.

Previous studies have shown that atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) attenuates agonist-induced pulmonary edema and that this effect may be mediated in part by the ANP clearance receptor, natriuretic peptide receptor-C (NPR-C). Obesity has been associated with lower plasma ANP levels due to increased expression of NPR-C, and with decreased severity of acute lung injury (ALI). Therefore, we hypothesized that increased expression of NPR-C may attenuate ALI severity in obese populations.

Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and subsequent risk of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias.

Introduction: Women with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Whether HDP is also associated with later-life dementia has not been fully explored.

Methods: Using the Utah Population Database, we performed an 80-year retrospective cohort study of 59,668 parous women.

Characteristics of acute sexual assault care in New England emergency departments.

Objective: Interventions such as written protocols and sexual assault nurse examiner programs improve outcomes for patients who have experienced acute sexual assault. How widely and in what ways such interventions have been implemented is largely unknown. We sought to characterize the current state of acute sexual assault care in New England.

Sensory impairment and algorithmic classification of early cognitive impairment.

Introduction: Sensory impairment (SI) is linked to cognitive decline, but its association with early cognitive impairment (ECI) is unclear.

Methods: Sensory functions (vision, hearing, vestibular function, proprioception, and olfaction) were measured between 2012 and 2018 in 414 Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA) participants (age 74 ± 9 years; 55% women). ECI was defined as 1 standard deviation below age-, sex-, race-, and education-specific mean performance in Card Rotations or California Verbal Learning Test immediate recall.

Accuracy of physician self-estimation of time spent during patient care in the emergency department.

Objective: Accurate measurement of physicians' time spent during patient care stands to inform emergency department (ED) improvement efforts. Direct observation is time consuming and cost prohibitive, so we sought to determine if physician self-estimation of time spent during patient care was accurate.

Methods: We performed a prospective, convenience-sample study in which research assistants measured time spent by ED physicians in patient care.

Dupilumab provides early and durable improvement of symptoms in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps.

Objectives: To evaluate within-patient symptom improvement in the dupilumab SINUS-24/-52 studies in patients with severe chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) (NCT02912468/NCT02898454).

Methods: Patients received dupilumab 300 mg or placebo every 2 weeks for 24 (SINUS-24) or 52 weeks (SINUS-52) on background intranasal corticosteroids. Patients daily reported symptoms of nasal congestion (NC), loss of smell (LoS) and rhinorrhoea on a scale of 0-3 (0 - no symptoms, 1 - mild, 2 - moderate, 3 - severe symptoms).