Gender Disparities in Academic Emergency Medicine: Strategies for the Recruitment, Retention, and Promotion of Women.

Although women comprise half of all medical students, the number of female academic emergency medicine (EM) physicians remains at approximately 27%. In addition, despite having equivalent credentials, female EM faculty remain underrecognized and undercompensated when compared to their male counterparts. Recent studies have shown superior outcomes among patients treated by EM physicians who are women; however, disparities in advancement persist.

Internalizing symptoms and sleep outcomes in urban children with and without asthma.

Study Objectives: This study examines associations between internalizing symptoms and sleep in a sample of urban children with and without asthma, whether asthma status moderates these associations, and whether associations differ by ethnic group.

Methods: Participants were Latino, African American (AA), and non-Latino white (NLW) urban 7- to 9-year-olds with (n = 259) and without (n = 122) persistent asthma. Teacher-reported internalizing symptoms (anxiety, depressive, and somatic) were assessed using the Behavioral Assessment System for Children-2.

Gender Differences in Risk Factors Associated With Pulmonary Artery Systolic Pressure, Heart Failure, and Mortality in Blacks: Jackson Heart Study.

Background Pulmonary hypertension is prevalent in black individuals, especially women. Elevated pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Methods and Results We developed linear and proportional hazards models to examine potential gender-related differences in risk factors for elevated PASP (estimated by transthoracic echocardiography) and PASP-associated clinical outcomes (incident heart failure admissions and mortality) in JHS (Jackson Heart Study) participants.

Safety, tolerability and efficacy of a novel self-use biodegradable device for management of obesity.

Objective: Obesity is a major public health issue with significant impact on quality of life, morbidity and mortality rates. It is estimated that if the current trends continue, 18% of men and 21% of women worldwide will be obese by 2025. All the current therapies are not optimal due to limited efficacy or safety; thus, there is a need for additional devices for the treatment of obesity.

Factors associated with early non-response within an Internet-based behavioural weight loss program.

Objective: While behavioural weight loss interventions are effective overall, many individuals fail to achieve a clinically significant weight loss. Given that 4-week weight loss has been shown to predict longer term outcomes, one potential strategy for improving rates of success is to provide additional support to early non-responders. To inform these early rescue efforts, it is important to first identify how they may differ from their more successful peers.

Early Rapid Decline in Kidney Function in Medically Managed Patients With Atherosclerotic Renal Artery Stenosis.

Background Early rapid declines of kidney function may occur in patients with atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis with institution of medical therapy. The causes and consequences are not well understood. Methods and Results Patients enrolled in the medical therapy-only arm of the CORAL (Cardiovascular Outcomes With Renal Artery Lesions) study were assessed for a rapid decline (RD) in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), defined as a ≥30% decrease from baseline to either 3 months, 6 months, or both.

Consensus Core Point-of-care Ultrasound Applications for Pediatric Emergency Medicine Training.

Background: Pediatric emergency medicine (PEM) physicians have variably incorporated point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) into their practice. Prior guidelines describe the scope of POCUS practice for PEM physicians; however, consensus does not yet exist about which applications should be prioritized and taught as fundamental skills for PEM trainees. Members of the PEM POCUS Network (P2Network) conducted a consensus-building process to determine which applications to incorporate into PEM fellowship training.

Association Between Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction, Wall Motion Abnormality, and Embolic Stroke of Undetermined Source.

Background It is uncertain whether there is an association between left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction ( LVEF ) or LV wall motion abnormality and embolic stroke of undetermined source ( ESUS ). Methods and Results We performed a retrospective, cross-sectional study of patients with acute ischemic stroke enrolled in the CAESAR (Cornell Acute Stroke Academic Registry) from 2011 to 2016. We restricted this study to patients with ESUS and, as controls, those with small- and large-artery ischemic strokes.

Sustaining eHealth engagement in a multi-year weight gain prevention intervention.

Introduction: Digital tools are widely used and effective in weight management interventions; however, usage declines over time. Strategies to promote continued engagement should be explored. We examined the effects of offering additional modes of weight reporting as well as periodic online campaigns to promote engagement, assessed by frequency of weight reporting, in a weight gain prevention study for young adults.

An Emergency Medicine Remediation Consult Service: Access to Expert Remediation Advice and Resources.

Resident remediation is a complex and common issue in emergency medicine programs and requires a specific knowledge base. The Remediation Task Force (RTF) of the Council of Residency Directors in Emergency Medicine (CORD-EM) was created to identify remediation best practices and to develop tools for program directors. Initially housed on a Wiki page, and now located within the CORD-EM website, the RTF provides resources including accepted universal language for documentation and sample remediation plans.

Critical Analysis of Hematology and Oncology Fellowship Web Sites in the United States.

Purpose: Prospective hematology-oncology fellowship applicants use program Web sites as a critical source of information. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the current content and comprehensiveness of hematology-oncology fellowship Web sites and to identify specific areas for improvement.

Methods: This study assessed the presence of 27 commonly evaluated program and application and curriculum and training informational items for Web sites of all accredited hematology-oncology fellowship programs in 2018.

The BIT:S (Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia Interdisciplinary Team: Severe) Initiative at Women and Infants Hospital of Rhode Island.

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in surviving extremely preterm infants, with long-term morbidity disproportionately affecting children with severe BPD (sBPD). Infants with sBPD experience multiple organ system dysfunction. To best treat these complicated patients, we created a multidisciplinary team in 2011 consisting of multiple pediatric subspecialists with a specific interest in sBPD.

Is There a Neurologist in the House? A Summary of the Current State of Neurovascular Rotations for Emergency Medicine Residents.

Objectives: Neurovascular and neurocritical care emergencies constitute a leading cause of morbidity/mortality. There has been great evolution in this field, including but not limited to extended time-window therapeutic interventions for acute ischemic stroke. The intent of this article is to evaluate the goals and future direction of clinical rotations in neurovascular and neurocritical care for emergency medicine (EM) residents.

Duration of Heightened Ischemic Stroke Risk After Acute Myocardial Infarction.

Background The duration of heightened stroke risk after acute myocardial infarction ( MI ) remains uncertain. Methods and Results We performed a retrospective cohort study using claims between 2008 and 2015 from a nationally representative 5% sample of Medicare beneficiaries aged ≥66 years. Both acute MI and ischemic stroke were ascertained using previously validated International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification ( ICD-9-CM), diagnosis codes.

Hemorrhagic Transformation in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke and Atrial Fibrillation: Time to Initiation of Oral Anticoagulant Therapy and Outcomes.

Background In patients with acute ischemic stroke and atrial fibrillation, early anticoagulation prevents ischemic recurrence but with the risk of hemorrhagic transformation ( HT ). The aims of this study were to evaluate in consecutive patients with acute stroke and atrial fibrillation (1) the incidence of early HT, (2) the time to initiation of anticoagulation in patients with HT , (3) the association of HT with ischemic recurrences, and (4) the association of HT with clinical outcome at 90 days. Methods and Results HT was diagnosed by a second brain computed tomographic scan performed 24 to 72 hours after stroke onset.