Roads to remission: evolving treatment concepts in type 2 inflammatory diseases.

Unlabelled: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) characterised by type 2 inflammation, including asthma, allergic rhinitis, chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps, atopic dermatitis, food allergies and eosinophilic esophagitis, are increasing in prevalence worldwide. Currently, there is a major paradigm shift in the management of these diseases, towards the concept of disease modification and the treatment goal remission, regardless of severity and age. Remission as a treatment goal in chronic inflammatory NCDs was first introduced in rheumatoid arthritis, and then adopted in other non-type 2 inflammatory diseases.

Interferon activation in bone marrow long-lived plasma cells in systemic lupus erythematosus.

While durable antibody responses from long-lived plasma cell (LLPC) populations are important for protection against pathogens, LLPC may be harmful if they produce antibodies against self-proteins or self-nuclear antigens as occurs in autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Thus, the elimination of autoreactive LLPC may improve the treatment of antibody-driven autoimmune diseases. However, LLPC remain a challenging therapeutic target.

COVID-19 related epigenetic changes and atopic dermatitis: An exploratory analysis.

Background: While epidemiological data suggest a connection between atopic dermatitis (AD) and COVID-19, the molecular mechanisms underlying this relationship remain unclear.

Objective: To investigate whether COVID-19-related CpGs may contribute to AD development and whether this association is mediated through the regulation of specific genes' expression.

Methods: We combined Mendelian randomization and transcriptome analysis for data-driven explorations.

Factors associated with eye disorders and diseases: A retrospective study.

Objective: To retrospectively identify the factors associated with eye disorders and diseases.

Methods: The retrospective study was carried out in Bursa Uludag University Family Health Center in Turkey between 1-30 September 2023. The data of individuals who were registered with the Family Health Center and whose eye disorders and diseases were known were evaluated retrospectively.

Time to Reconsidering the Potential Role of Leech Salivary Proteins in Medicine: Type-II Kounis Syndrome Triggered by Leech Bite.

Kounis syndrome also known as allergic myocardial infarction, represents the simultaneous occurrence of acute coronary syndromes with allergic or hypersensitivity reactions. We present a case of a 58-years-old male who developed anaphylaxis following a leech bite, leading to myocardial infarction despite the absence of prior allergic history. He was entubated and cardiopulmonary resusciation had been performed for 10 minutes.

The dilemma of X-linked agammaglobulinemia carriers.

Background: Many patients with X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) nowadays have reached adulthood, as well as their sisters, possibly carriers of a deleterious Bruton tyrosine kinase variant. Studies on motherhood outcomes in families with XLA are lacking.

Objective: We sought to investigate adherence to carrier status screening, interest in preconception and prenatal genetic counseling, and reproductive decisions in relatives with XLA.

Long-term sublingual bacterial immunotherapy prevents ear, nose and throat infections: A real-life study.

Objective: Bacterial extracts have been used for many years to prevent airway infections. Recent findings suggest that immunity can be trained by inducing an immunological memory in both the innate and acquired immune response. This real-life observational study investigated the potential of sublingual bacterial immunotherapy in the prevention of ear, nose, and throat infections.

Changes in and Potential Mechanisms of Circulating IgA+CD27-Class-Switched Memory B Cells in Patients With Allergic Rhinitis.

Background: The role of memory B cells and their subgroups in allergic rhinitis (AR) and allergen immunotherapy (AIT) remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of memory B cells in the circulation of patients with AR and those undergoing AIT, as well as their clinical significance.

Methods: This study involved a cohort comprising 32 healthy control subjects, 39 individuals diagnosed with AR, and 31 AR patients who had received AIT for over one year.

Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions May Attenuate Acute Exacerbations of Asthma: Experience During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Taiwan.

Background: Non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) were widely used during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, however their impact on acute asthma exacerbations (AEs) is not well studied.

Methods: We had retrospectively collected patients with asthma AEs between 2019 and 2020 and retrieved data from the Chang Gung Research Database, including clinical manifestations, medications, pulmonary function, clinic and emergency department visits and hospitalizations.

Results: A total of 39,108 adult patients with asthma were enrolled, of whom 1502 were eligible for analysis.

Comparison of the new RIDA qLine Allergy multiparameter immunoblot and the ImmunoCAP Specific IgE test for the identification of clinically relevant food and aeroallergen allergies.

Background: Multiparameter immunoblot testing is increasingly used as an alternative to multiple individual IgE analyses for type 1 allergies. This study investigated the performance of an inexpensive immunoblot method, the RIDA qLine allergy test system (R-Biopharm AG), vs. the current gold standard.

The manipulation of odor availability of training aids used in detection canine training.

Detection canines can identify numerous substances for which they have been trained. Historically, and a point of ongoing contention, detection canine threshold (i.e.

Assessment of information quality in the largest Danish Facebook group on atopic diseases: a mixed bag of help and harm.

Background: Patient education is an important part of the management of atopic diseases such as allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, and asthma. Given the increasing reliance on social media platforms such as Facebook for health-related discourse, there are concerns about the accuracy and quality of the shared information.

Aim: The aim of this study was to categorize and assess the quality of the information shared within the largest Danish Facebook group focusing on atopic diseases.

Prevalence of Gastroesophageal Reflux in Interstitial Lung Diseases Clinic.

Background Interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) are a group of non-infectious diseases characterized by interstitial inflammation and fibrosis on histological examination. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is common in this patient population, but whether there is a causal or coincidental relationship is not yet clear. It still remains unsettled how to diagnose GERD, and the role of different treatment modalities for GERD, in these lung disorders.

Overlapping of DRESS and Stevens-Johnson syndrome due to first-line antituberculosis drugs: a case report.

The overlap of Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS) and Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) caused by antituberculosis drugs represents an extremely rare event. This situation can manifest between 2 and 8 weeks after the first exposure to the medication. The overlap of these conditions can lead to atypical clinical manifestations, thus complicating the early diagnosis and the implementation of early treatment.

Evaluation of bone development and organs in rat fetuses exposed to tartrazine.

Tartrazine finds widespread application in the realms of alimentation, pharmaceuticals, cosmetic formulations, and textile manufacturing. Tartrazine has a negative effect on human health such as hyperactivity, allergies and asthma in children. Substances such as tartrazine might effect the embryo in a kind of aspects, containing physical or mental disorders, and a decrease in the child's intellectual memory.

Pro-inflammatory dietary pattern and the risk of female gout: sex-specific findings from three prospective cohort studies.

Objective: We aimed to determine whether a pro-inflammatory dietary pattern (mechanism-based diet) is associated with incident female gout among two large cohorts of US women.

Methods: We prospectively followed 79,104 women from Nurses' Health Study (NHS; 1984-2016) and 93,454 women from NHSII (1991-2017); 45,445 men from Health Professionals Follow-up Study (1986-2016) served as a comparison cohort. Validated food frequency questionnaires were used to calculate Empirical Dietary Inflammatory Pattern (EDIP; food-based index predictive of circulating inflammatory biomarkers) scores every 4-years.

Historical redlining and survival among children, adolescents, and young adults with cancer diagnosed between 2000-2019 in Seattle and Tacoma, Washington.

Background: Historical redlining has been associated with inferior survival in adult-onset cancers. However, its relationship with pediatric, adolescent, and young-adult-onset cancer outcomes is unknown.

Methods: This study identified incident cancer among individuals <40 years of age living in Seattle and Tacoma between 2000-2019 via the population-based Cancer Surveillance System.

Antibody ligation of HLA class II induces YAP nuclear localization and formation of cytoplasmic YAP condensates in human endothelial cells.

Antibody (Ab) crosslinking of HLA class II (HLA II) molecules on the surface of endothelial cells (ECs) triggers proliferative and prosurvival intracellular signaling, which are implicated in promoting chronic Ab-mediated rejection (cAMR). Despite the importance of cAMR in transplant medicine, the mechanisms involved remain incompletely understood. Here, we examined the regulation of yes-associated protein (YAP) nuclear cytoplasmic localization and phosphorylation in human ECs challenged with Abs that bind HLA II, which are strongly associated with cAMR.

γ-secretase facilitates retromer-mediated retrograde transport.

Retromer mediates retrograde transport of protein cargos from endosomes to the trans-Golgi network (TGN). γ-secretase is a protease that cleaves the transmembrane domain of its target proteins. Although retromer can form a stable complex with γ-secretase, the functional consequences of this interaction are not known.

The methyl-CpG binding domain 2 regulates peptidylarginine deiminase 4 expression and promotes neutrophil extracellular trap formation via the Janus kinase 2 signaling pathway in experimental severe asthma.

Objective: The prognosis for severe asthma is poor, and the current treatment options are limited. The methyl-CpG binding domain protein 2 (MBD2) participates in neutrophil-mediated severe asthma through epigenetic regulation. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) play a critical role in the pathogenesis of severe asthma.