Food-Induced Adverse Reactions: A Review of Physiological Food Quality Control, Mucosal Defense Mechanisms, and Gastrointestinal Physiology.

Although food is essential for the survival of organisms, it can also trigger a variety of adverse reactions, ranging from nutrient intolerances to celiac disease and food allergies. Food not only contains essential nutrients but also includes numerous substances that may have positive or negative effects on the consuming organism. To protect against potentially harmful components, all animals have evolved defense mechanisms, which are similar to antimicrobial defenses but often come at the cost of the organism's health.

Responses of an Coculture Alveolar Model for the Prediction of Respiratory Sensitizers (ALIsens) Following Exposure to Skin Sensitizers and Non-Sensitizers.

In recent years, a global increase in allergy incidence following chemical exposure has been observed. While the process of skin sensitization is well characterized through the adverse outcome pathway (AOP) framework, the immunological mechanisms underlying respiratory sensitization remain less well understood. Respiratory sensitizers are classified as substances of very high concern (SVHC) under the European Union (EU) regulation for the registration, evaluation, authorization and restriction of chemicals (REACH), emphasizing the importance of evaluating respiratory tract sensitization as a critical hazard.

Influence of Bee Venom on Nociception and Inflammatory Cytokine Profiles in Experimental Hyperalgesia.

Hyperalgesia is a condition marked by an abnormal increase in pain sensitivity, often occurring in response to tissue injury, inflammation, or prolonged exposure to certain medications. Inflammatory mediators, such as cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, play a central role in this process, amplifying pain perception. Developing effective treatments that address the underlying mechanisms of hyperalgesia is an active field of research.

Clinical Characteristics of Snakebite Envenomings in Taiwan.

Snakebite envenomings continue to represent a major public health concern in Taiwan because of the presence of various venomous snakes whose habitats intersect with human activities. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the clinical characteristics, complications, and management strategies associated with snakebite envenomings in Taiwan. Taiwan is inhabited by six principal venomous snakes: , , , , , and , each presenting distinct clinical challenges.

Adenoviral Vector-Based Vaccine Expressing Hemagglutinin Stem Region with Autophagy-Inducing Peptide Confers Cross-Protection Against Group 1 and 2 Influenza A Viruses.

An effective universal influenza vaccine is urgently needed to overcome the limitations of current seasonal influenza vaccines, which are ineffective against mismatched strains and unable to protect against pandemic influenza. In this study, bovine and human adenoviral vector-based vaccine platforms were utilized to express various combinations of antigens. These included the H5N1 hemagglutinin (HA) stem region or HA2, the extracellular domain of matrix protein 2 of influenza A virus, HA signal peptide (SP), trimerization domain, excretory peptide, and the autophagy-inducing peptide C5 (AIP-C5).

NIAID Workshop Report: Systematic Approaches for ESKAPE Bacteria Antigen Discovery.

On 14-15 November 2023, the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) organized a workshop entitled "Systematic Approaches for ESKAPE Bacteria Antigen Discovery". The goal of the workshop was to engage scientists from diverse relevant backgrounds to explore novel technologies that can be harnessed to identify and address current roadblocks impeding advances in antigen and vaccine discoveries for the ESKAPE pathogens (, , , , and species). The workshop consisted of four sessions that addressed ESKAPE infections, antigen discovery and vaccine efforts, and new technologies including systems immunology and vaccinology approaches.

A Spike-Based mRNA Vaccine Encapsulated in Phospholipid 1,2-Dioleoyl-sn-Glycero-3-PhosphoEthanolamine Containing Lipid Nanoparticles Induced Potent B- and T-Cell Responses Associated with Protection Against SARS-CoV-2 Infection and COVID-19-like Symptoms in Hamsters.

Background: Nucleoside-modified mRNA encapsulated in lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have emerged as a promising vaccine strategy, especially for COVID-19. While the LNPs protect mRNA from degradation and efficiently deliver the mRNA to antigen-presenting cells, the effect of lipid composition on the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of mRNA/LNP vaccines is not well characterized. Studies on using the mRNA/LNP platform for vaccines have largely focused on the nucleic acid cargo with less attention paid to the LNP vehicle.

Optimizing Microneutralization and IFN-γ ELISPOT Assays to Evaluate Mpox Immunity.

Background: Available assays to measure pox virus neutralizing antibody titers are laborious and take up to 5 days. In addition, assays to measure T cell responses require the use of specific antigens, which may not be the same for all pox viruses. This study reports the development of robust assays for the measurement of mpox-specific neutralizing antibodies and IFN-γ-producing T-cell responses.

Regulating Immune Responses Induced by PEGylated Messenger RNA-Lipid Nanoparticle Vaccine.

Messenger RNA (mRNA)-based therapeutics have shown remarkable progress in the treatment and prevention of diseases. Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have shown great successes in delivering mRNAs. After an mRNA-LNP vaccine enters a cell via an endosome, mRNA is translated into an antigen, which can activate adaptive immunity.

Identification of Filovirus Entry Inhibitors from Marine Fungus-Derived Indole Alkaloids.

Filoviruses, mainly consisting of the two genera of and , are enveloped negative-strand RNA viruses that can infect humans to cause severe hemorrhagic fevers and outbreaks with high mortality rates. However, we still do not have effective medicines for treating these diseases. To search for effective drugs, we have identified three marine indole alkaloids that exhibit potent activities against filovirus infection.

Personalized Risk Assessment for Taxane-Induced Hypersensitivity Reactions: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Taxanes, including paclitaxel and docetaxel, are widely used in cancer treatment but frequently cause hypersensitivity reactions (HSRs), disrupting treatment continuity. This meta-analysis aimed to identify consistent risk factors for taxane-induced HSRs to support personalized risk assessments and optimize therapeutic outcomes. This systematic review and meta-analysis followed the PRISMA guidelines and was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42023476738).

Advanced Lasers and Their Applications in Dentistry.

The development of laser technology has revolutionized dentistry, offering complementary and alternative approaches to traditional techniques. Lasers have been successfully integrated into various dental procedures, enhancing treatment outcomes and patient care. Several types of lasers can increase the acid resistance of enamel, thus preventing caries.

Knowledge, Practices, and Attitudes Towards Silver Diamine Fluoride Therapy Among Dentists and Students in Southeastern Spain.

The use of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) has increased in recent years for the management of caries lesions in children and adults. The aim of this study is to determine the level of knowledge and the attitude of Spanish dentists (GDPs) and final-year dental students (DSs) regarding the use of SDF. A cross-sectional survey (questionnaire) was carried out aimed at final-year dental students (DSs) (n = 43) and registered dentists (GDPs) (n = 1050) in the autonomous community of the region of Murcia (Spain).

Effect of miR-223-3p and miR-328a-3p Knockdown on Allergic Airway Inflammation in Rat Precision-Cut Lung Slices.

Asthma is a major non-communicable disease whose pathogenesis is still not fully elucidated. One of the asthma research models is precision-cut lung slices (PCLSs), and among the therapeutic options, miRNA molecules are of great interest. The aim of our study was to investigate whether inhibition of miR-223-3p and miR328a-3p affects the inflammatory response in PCLSs derived from a rat with HDM-induced allergic inflammation and a control rat.

Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Cannabigerol In Vitro and In Vivo Are Mediated Through the JAK/STAT/NFκB Signaling Pathway.

Cannabinoid compounds have potential as treatments for a variety of conditions, with cannabigerol (CBG) being known for its anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, we investigated the effects of CBG in a cellular model of 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (DNCB)-induced atopic dermatitis (AD). In the cellular model, we confirmed the cytotoxicity of CBG and downregulated the expression of inflammatory markers , , , and ( < 0.

Enhanced Interleukin 6 Trans-Signaling Modulates Disease Process in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Mouse Models.

Charcot first described ALS in 1869, but the specific mechanisms that mediate the disease pathology are still not clear. Intense research efforts have provided insight into unique neuroanatomical regions, specific neuronal populations and genetic associations for ALS and other neurodegenerative diseases; however, the experimental results also suggest a convergence of these events to common toxic pathways. We propose that common toxic pathways can be therapeutically targeted, and this intervention will be effective in slowing progression and improving patient quality of life.

Impact of Sex on Infection Risk in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease that exhibits considerable diversity in terms of both clinical and immunological manifestations. Since its female-to-male ratio is around 9:1, it is well recognized that systemic lupus erythematosus mostly affects women, especially those of childbearing age. There is a greater susceptibility to infections in adult patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) compared to the general population.

Neoplasms in the Nasal Cavity Identified and Tracked with an Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Nasal Endoscopic Diagnostic System.

Objective: We aim to construct an artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted nasal endoscopy diagnostic system capable of preliminary differentiation and identification of nasal neoplasia properties, as well as intraoperative tracking, providing an important basis for nasal endoscopic surgery.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 1050 video data of nasal endoscopic surgeries involving four types of nasal neoplasms. Using Deep Snake, U-Net, and Att-Res2-UNet, we developed a nasal neoplastic detection network based on endoscopic images.

Consideration of the work environment in a case of an industrial homeworker with allergic contact dermatitis by UV-curing acrylic resin.

We report a case of an industrial homeworker diagnosed with allergic contact dermatitis by UV-curing acrylic resin for crafts. Approximately 2 months after a female in her 40s started producing handicrafts using resin, itchy desquamative erythema and vesicles occurred on her eyelids and palms. The course of the symptoms suggested that her dermatitis was occupational origin.

Glial activation and nociceptive neuropeptide elevation associated with the development of chronic post-traumatic headache following repetitive blast exposure.

Chronic headaches and pain are prevalent in those who are exposure to blast events, yet there is a gap in fundamental data that identifies the pathological mechanism for the chronification of pain. Blast-related post-traumatic headaches (PTH) are understudied and chronic pain behaviors in preclinical models can be vital to help elucidate PTH mechanisms. The descending pain modulatory system controls pain perception and involves specific brain regions such as the cortex, thalamus, pons, and medulla.

Intestinal permeability, food antigens and the microbiome: a multifaceted perspective.

The gut barrier encompasses several interactive, physical, and functional components, such as the gut microbiota, the mucus layer, the epithelial layer and the gut mucosal immunity. All these contribute to homeostasis in a well-regulated manner. Nevertheless, this frail balance might be disrupted for instance by westernized dietary habits, infections, pollution or exposure to antibiotics, thus diminishing protective immunity and leading to the onset of chronic diseases.

Characteristics of Pediatric Allergic Rhinitis With Different Disease Severity.

Although numerous studies have focused on diagnostic biomarkers to help identify allergic rhinitis (AR), data on the characteristics of pediatric AR with different severity is limited. We aimed to compare the characteristics of pediatric AR with different severity. A total of 1054 children with AR were enrolled and classified into mild intermittent AR, mild persistent AR, moderate-to-severe intermittent AR, and moderate-to-severe persistent AR.

The economic burden of atopic dermatitis in Romania: a broad perspective.

Introduction: Atopic dermatitis (AD), a common dermatological condition, is often associated with significant economic and social burdens. Despite extensive studies globally, there is a gap in understanding the impact of this condition in Romania. This study evaluated the economic burden of AD in Romania, considering both direct and indirect costs.

Acupoint catgut embedding alleviates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by modulating neuroinflammation and potentially inhibiting glia activation through JNK and ERK pathways.

Background: Acupoint catgut embedding (ACE) is a traditional Chinese medicine technique commonly used for managing various disorders, including chronic inflammatory pain and allergic asthma. Despite its growing use, the neuroimmunological mechanisms underlying ACE treatment effects remain unclear.

Methods: This study investigated the roles and potential mechanisms of the effects of ACE in treating experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a frequently used animal model of autoimmune neuroinflammation.