Inpatient burden of respiratory syncytial virus in children ≤2 years of age in Germany: A retrospective analysis of nationwide hospitalization data, 2019-2022.

Background: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes respiratory tract disease in seasonal waves, primarily in infants and young children. This study aims to quantify the number of RSV-related hospitalizations in children ≤2 years of age and to determine corresponding resource use and costs in Germany.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed population-wide hospital data from the Institute for the Hospital Remuneration System (InEK) from 2019 to 2022.

Interleukin-17A and interleukin-22 production by conventional and non-conventional lymphocytes in three different end-stage lung diseases.

Objectives: The contribution of adaptive innate lymphocytes to IL-17A and IL-22 secretion at the end stage of chronic lung diseases remains largely unexplored. In order to uncover tissue- and disease-specific secretion patterns, we compared production patterns of IL-17A and IL-22 in three different human end-stage lung disease entities.

Methods: Production of IL-17A, IL-22 and associated cytokines was assessed in supernatants of re-stimulated lymphocytes by multiplex assays and multicolour flow cytometry of conventional T cells, iNKT cells, γδ T cells and innate lymphoid cells in bronchial lymph node and lung tissue from patients with emphysema ( = 19), idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis ( = 14) and cystic fibrosis ( = 23), as well as lung donors ( = 17).

A dual center and dual vendor comparison study of automated perfusion-weighted phase-resolved functional lung magnetic resonance imaging with dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in patients with cystic fibrosis.

For sensitive diagnosis and monitoring of pulmonary disease, ionizing radiation-free imaging methods are of great importance. A noncontrast and free-breathing proton magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique for assessment of pulmonary perfusion is phase-resolved functional lung (PREFUL) MRI. Since there is no validation of PREFUL MRI across different centers and scanners, the purpose of this study was to compare perfusion-weighted PREFUL MRI with the well-established dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI across two centers on scanners from two different vendors.