, a new cryptic species in the complex associated with sunflower.

A species associated with sunflower based on multilocus genealogy, morphological, physiological, ecological, mating type, and mycotoxin production data is formally described as the newly discovered species . The strains formed a genealogically exclusive lineage within the African clade of the species complex. Comparison of morphological characteristics of strains with those of the closely related strain NRRL 13617 revealed similarities in the main micromorphology of both species: production of numerous one-celled microconidia in false heads and short chains on monophialides and polyphialides and the absence of macroconidia and sporodochia.

Draft Genome Sequences of Prototrophic and Biotin-Auxotrophic Fusarium langsethiae Strains Isolated from an Oat Grain in the Northern Region of Russia.

Fusarium langsethiae is a suspected plant-pathogenic fungus causing cereal contamination with trichothecene mycotoxins. Here, we report the genome sequences of two strains, MFG217701 (a prototroph) and MFG217702 (a biotin auxotroph), isolated from a grain of oat harvested in Russia.

Diversity of Physiological and Biochemical Characters of Microdochium Fungi.

The biological characterization of Microdochium majus, M. nivale, and M. seminicola strains with wide geographical origins showed the diversity of their pathogenic properties and metabolite compounds, allowing them to exist in their habitats.

Evidence of Fungi Associated with Cereal Grains in Russia.

In total, 46 strains from five different geographic regions of Russia were explored with respect to genetic diversity, morphology, and secondary metabolites. Based on the results of PCR, 59% and 28% of the strains were identified as and , respectively. As a result of sequencing four genome regions, namely ITS, LSU, BTUB, and RPB2 (2778 bp), five genetically and phenotypically similar strains from Western Siberia were identified as , which, according to our findings, is the prevalent species in this territory.

Trichothecenes in Cereal Grains - An Update.

Trichothecenes are sesquiterpenoid mycotoxins produced by fungi from the order Hypocreales, including members of the genus that infect cereal grain crops. Different trichothecene-producing species and strains have different trichothecene chemotypes belonging to the Type A and B class. These fungi cause a disease of small grain cereals, called Fusarium head blight, and their toxins contaminate host tissues.

Morphological and Molecular Variation Between , and Strains.

and closely related species are common fungi on various plants, cultivated in different climatic regions. The aim of this study was to determine the taxonomic affiliations of the , and strains by using morphological, physiological and molecular-genetic approaches. Twenty-six single-spored morphologically identified strains, which were mainly from cereals, were investigated in order to find out, if they belong to a separate species.

Identification and Characterization of Spontaneous Auxotrophic Mutants in Fusarium langsethiae.

Analysis of 49 strains of originating from northern Europe (Russia, Finland, Sweden, UK, Norway, and Latvia) revealed the presence of spontaneous auxotrophic mutants that reflect natural intraspecific diversity. Our investigations detected that 49.0% of strains were auxotrophic mutants for biotin, and 8.

Study of the Vapor Phase Over Fusarium Fungi Cultured on Various Substrates.

The compositions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by Fusarium fungi (F. langsethiae, F. sibiricum, F.

Serine proteinase inhibitors in seeds of Cycas siamensis and other gymnosperms.

Seeds of 32 species selected from two of the four major groups of gymnosperms, the ancient Cycadales and the economically important Coniferales, were analysed for inhibitors (I) of the serine proteinases trypsin (T), chymotrypsin (C), subtilisin (S) and elastase (E) using isoelectric focusing (IEF) combined with gelatin replicas. Subtilisin inhibitors were detected in 17 species, being particularly active in the Cycadales. Several species of the genera Cephalotaxus, Pseudotsuga and Cycas contained inhibitors active against elastase while strong CSTIs and CSIs were also present in Cycas pectinata and C.

Serine proteinase inhibitors in the Compositae: distribution, polymorphism and properties.

Multiple molecular forms of inhibitors of trypsin (TI) and chymotrypsin (CI), which are typical digestive enzymes of insects, mammals and micro-organisms, and subtilisin (SI), a proteinase of many bacteria and phytopathogenic fungi, were identified in seeds and vegetative organs of the majority of 128 wild and cultivated species representing 65 genera of three of the subfamilies of the Compositae. Inhibitors with M(r) ranging from 7450 to 7800 and combining activities towards subtilisin and trypsin and/or chymotrypsin (T/C/SI) had the widest distribution and may be involved in plant defense mechanisms. They were found in many species of the subfamilies Carduoideae (genera Carthamus, Centaurea, Cirsium), Cichorioideae (Lactuca, Taraxacum) and Asteroideae (Helianthus, Cosmos, Bidens).