5,025 results match your criteria: "All authors: University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences[Affiliation]"

DSHEA 1994 - Celebrating 30 Years of Dietary Supplement Regulation in the United States.

J Diet Suppl

December 2024

Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.

The Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act (DSHEA) of 1994 defined the FDA's statutory authority to regulate dietary supplement products as a category of food in the United States. As we celebrate 30 years post-DSHEA, it is important to reflect on its significance for public health, influence on the continuously evolving and expanding product category, the current regulatory framework, and potential opportunities or modernizing oversight to ensure a strong and well-regulated marketplace. An estimated three-fourths of U.

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  • Maternal diet significantly impacts the profiles of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), carotenoids, and polyphenols, but individual variability exists due to non-dietary factors influencing these profiles.
  • A pilot study with 16 exclusively breastfeeding women explored the changes in human milk bioactives after following a 4-week meal plan based on the 2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans, focusing on the relationship with maternal secretor phenotype (FUT2).
  • Results showed that only women with the secretor phenotype experienced significant changes in certain HMOs and polyphenol metabolites, indicating a complex relationship between maternal diet and milk composition influenced by genetics.
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Are we committed to commitment?

Curr Pharm Teach Learn

January 2025

Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences College of Pharmacy, Little Rock, AR, USA.

Introduction: Students face difficult decisions when considering multiple opportunities for employment or continued training. When this happens, students may consider breaking a previous commitment to accept a more appealing offer. Societal trends toward decommitment may also influence students' perceptions of the importance of commitment.

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Pharyngitis is an inflammatory condition of the pharynx and/or tonsils commonly seen in both children and adults. Viruses and bacteria represent the most common encountered etiologic agents-yeast/fungi and parasites are infrequently implicated. Some of these are predominantly observed in unique populations (eg, immunocompromised or unvaccinated individuals).

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Review: Known, Emerging, and Remerging Pharyngitis Pathogens.

J Infect Dis

October 2024

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA.

Pharyngitis is an inflammatory condition of the pharynx and/or tonsils commonly seen in both children and adults. Viruses and bacteria represent the most common encountered etiologic agents-yeast/fungi and parasites are infrequently implicated. Some of these are predominantly observed in unique populations (eg, immunocompromised or unvaccinated individuals).

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Review: Diagnostic Potential for Collaborative Pharyngitis Biomarkers.

J Infect Dis

October 2024

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock, AR, USA.

Pharyngitis is an inflammatory condition of the pharynx and/or tonsils commonly seen in both children and adults. Viruses and bacteria represent the most common encountered etiologic agents-yeast/fungi and parasites are infrequently implicated. Some of these are predominantly observed in unique populations (eg, immunocompromised or unvaccinated individuals).

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  • Moral injury is being studied as a significant factor affecting the mental health and job satisfaction of healthcare workers (HCWs) due to stressful experiences they encounter.
  • A longitudinal study with 473 HCWs showed that witnessing or participating in potentially morally injurious events (PMIEs) increased burnout and turnover intentions, particularly among those who witnessed these events.
  • The findings suggest that organizations should address moral injury in HCWs by implementing strategies that consider the types of morally injurious experiences they face in their work.
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Colonoscopy is a widely performed diagnostic and therapeutic procedure essential for the screening, diagnosis, and management of various colorectal conditions. It is a routine and relatively safe procedure. Unfortunately, sometimes complications arise, one of the rarest being splenic injury.

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The role of prescribed controlled substance acquisition as potential triggers of opioid overdose: A case-crossover study.

Int J Drug Policy

December 2024

Division of Pharmaceutical Evaluation and Policy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham St., Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA. Electronic address:

Background: The role of prescribed opioids and benzodiazepines as risk factors for opioid overdose are well established, however, their role as potential 'triggers' of opioid overdose has not been formally investigated.

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the temporal relationship between controlled substance acquisition and opioid overdose utilizing a case-crossover design.

Methods: This study utilized Arkansas statewide data between 2014 and 2020.

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Background: Maternal undernutrition is the most common cause of fetal growth restriction (FGR) worldwide. FGR increases morbidity and mortality during infancy, as well as contributes to adult-onset diseases including obesity and type 2 diabetes. The role of the maternal or offspring microbiome in growth outcomes following FGR is not well understood.

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Association of Allergy Specialty Care and Asthma Outcomes for Medicaid-Enrolled Children.

J Pediatr

October 2024

Allergy & Immunology Division, Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR; Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, AR. Electronic address:

Objective: To evaluate the comparative effectiveness of allergy specialist care for children with asthma enrolled in the Arkansas Medicaid program.

Study Design: We used the Arkansas All-Payers Claims Database to identify Medicaid-enrolled children with asthma who had an allergy specialist visit in 2018. These children were propensity score matched to children without an allergy specialist visit to evaluate differences in asthma-related adverse events (AAEs), specifically emergency department visits and/or hospitalizations in 2019.

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Background And Aims: Effect of underwater endoscopic submucosal dissection (UESD) on clinical outcomes as compared with conventional ESD (CESD) remains unclear. We conducted a meta-analysis of the available data.

Methods: Online databases were searched for studies comparing UESD with CESD for colorectal lesions.

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Introduction: This study aimed to characterize the severity of bleeding and its association with short-term neurologic outcomes in pediatric ECMO.

Methods: Multicenter retrospective cohort study of pediatric ECMO patients at 10 centers utilizing the Pediatric ECMO Outcomes Registry (PEDECOR) database from December 2013-February 2019. Subjects excluded were post-cardiac surgery patients and those with neonatal pathologies.

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Persistent syphilitic ocular manifestations despite treatment: a case series.

J Ophthalmic Inflamm Infect

October 2024

Department of Ophthalmology, Jones Eye Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.

Article Synopsis
  • Penicillin is the primary treatment for syphilis, but some patients experience ongoing eye issues like visual loss due to chronic inflammation or incomplete treatment.
  • In a case series of three patients, two experienced persistent syphilitic retinal conditions despite being treated with penicillin, leading to additional treatments or reinforcement of therapy.
  • Recommendations emerging from these cases emphasize ensuring complete initial penicillin treatment and monitoring inflammatory responses to optimize recovery and visual outcomes.
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Neurocristic cutaneous hamartoma (NCH) is a rare, benign neoplastic skin lesion characterized by a combination of neuroectodermal and mesodermal components. Clinically, NCH typically presents as asymptomatic, well-circumscribed, and elevated cutaneous nodules. Histopathologically, it is characterized by nests of pigmented melanocytes and varying degrees of fibrosis and collagen deposition.

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Objectives: The purpose of this study was to provide insights into which patient-level characteristics are associated with a positive treatment response among patients whose primary drug of choice was a psychostimulant with a particular emphasis on understanding the impact of age at first use and co-occurring psychiatric comorbidities.

Methods: We used a cross-sectional study design and the 2019 US Treatment Episode Data Set: Discharges (n = 167 802) to identify outpatient treatment episodes for which the primary drug of choice was a psychostimulant. We defined a positive treatment response as (1) a reduction in drug use between treatment admission and discharge or (2) no use at both admission and discharge.

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  • Infective endocarditis (IE) is a serious infection that causes inflammation of the heart's inner lining, often increasing in patients receiving hemodialysis (HD).
  • A case study describes a 46-year-old obese male with a history of diabetes and renal disease who faced severe symptoms after missing dialysis sessions, including altered mental status and indications of septic shock.
  • The case emphasizes the need for urgent medical intervention and collaboration among healthcare teams to stabilize the patient and investigate potential infections linked to his condition.
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  • Viral lower respiratory tract infection (vLRTI) is a major cause of pediatric hospitalization and mortality globally, yet the immune responses involved are not well understood.
  • A study analyzed over 1,300 proteins in tracheal aspirate and plasma from critically ill children, identifying significant protein changes linked to vLRTI and developing a diagnostic tool with high accuracy.
  • Key findings included increased interferon and T cell responses in the lower airway, distinct protein profiles in plasma, and novel protein biomarkers that could enhance diagnostic approaches for severe vLRTI.
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  • * The review discusses how different nutrients—both macronutrients and micronutrients—affect neurodevelopmental outcomes in children, supported by neuroimaging studies like MRI and EEG.
  • * It emphasizes the importance of understanding these nutritional impacts for future research, aiming to enhance our knowledge of maternal nutrition's long-term effects on children’s cognitive and behavioral health.
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There is evidence of overtreatment in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH). We aimed to identify the proportion of patients treated for SCH and the determinants of thyroid hormone therapy initiation. We included a random sample of adult Veterans diagnosed with SCH from 1 January 2016 to 31 December 2018 and conducted univariate and multivariable logistic regression to identify factors associated with levothyroxine initiation.

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  • The study focused on establishing minimal important change (MIC) estimates for quality of life (QoL) in head and neck cancer patients using the EORTC QLQ-HN43 questionnaire.
  • A total of 503 patients from 15 countries completed the questionnaire at three different time points during treatment, and results indicated varying MICs for different QoL domains such as swallowing, speech, and dry mouth.
  • Findings revealed that MIC values for deterioration were generally higher than those for improvement, implying that a universal MIC or minimal detectable change (MDC) cannot be uniformly applied across all scales of the EORTC QLQ-HN43.
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Despite their beneficial actions as immunosuppressants, glucocorticoids (GC) have devastating effects on the musculoskeletal and cardiac systems, as long-term treated patients exhibit high incidence of falls, bone fractures, and cardiovascular events. Herein, we show that GC upregulate simultaneously in bone, skeletal muscle, and the heart the expression of E3 ubiquitin ligases (atrogenes), known to stimulate the proteasomal degradation of proteins. Activation of vitamin D receptor (VDR) signaling with the VDR ligands calcitriol or eldecalcitol prevented GC-induced atrogene upregulation in vivo and ex vivo in bone/muscle organ cultures and preserved tissue structure/mass and function of the 3 tissues in vivo.

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Introduction: Chronic pain is a personal experience influenced by multiple biopsychosocial factors. Using a pain intensity measure alone to assess the effectiveness of a chronic pain intervention fails to fully evaluate its impact on the multifaceted chronic pain experience. The holistic minimal clinically important difference (MCID) is a composite outcome developed to provide a comprehensive assessment of chronic pain in response to intervention, across 5 outcome domains: pain intensity, health-related quality of life, sleep quality, physical, and emotional function.

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Effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists on endoscopy outcomes: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Gastrointest Endosc

October 2024

Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Orlando Gastroenterology PA, Orlando, Florida, USA.

Article Synopsis
  • Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) can delay gastric emptying, leading to concerns about their impact during endoscopic procedures, which prompted a meta-analysis comparing outcomes in patients using GLP-1RAs to a control group.
  • The analysis included 23 studies with over 77,000 patients, revealing that those on GLP-1RAs had significantly higher odds of retained gastric contents and aborted procedures, but no differences in aspiration events or bowel preparation quality compared to controls.
  • Overall, although patients on GLP-1RAs showed higher rates of certain complications, these occurrences were rare, suggesting that GLP-1RAs do not significantly increase the risks associated
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Advancing Patient Education in Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension: The Promise of Large Language Models.

Neurol Clin Pract

February 2025

Chicago Medical School (QAD), Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL; Department of Ophthalmology (QAD, MZC, PHP, ABS, AME), Harvey and Bernice Jones Eye Institute; UAMS College of Medicine (ADB), University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR; Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine (ATZ), Florida International University; Mary & Edward Norton Library of Ophthalmology (ATZ), Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL; Department of Ophthalmology (TKE), Benha Faculty of Medicine, Benha University; Department of Ophthalmology (AKH), Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Qena; Department of Ophthalmology (OS), Research Institute of Ophthalmology, Giza, Egypt; Department of Ophthalmology (OS), Qassim University Medical City, Al-Qassim, Saudi Arabia; Department of Ophthalmology (RG, AME), Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA; and Department of Ophthalmology (ABS), Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.

Background And Objectives: We evaluated the performance of 3 large language models (LLMs) in generating patient education materials (PEMs) and enhancing the readability of prewritten PEMs on idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH).

Methods: This cross-sectional comparative study compared 3 LLMs, ChatGPT-3.5, ChatGPT-4, and Google Bard, for their ability to generate PEMs on IIH using 3 prompts.

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