Vitamin D in patients with low tumor-burden indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma treated with rituximab therapy (ILyAD): a randomized, phase 3 clinical trial.

Background: There is a significant association between low vitamin D levels at diagnosis of indolent B-cell lymphomas and inferior overall survival (OS). To determine whether supplemental vitamin D improves event-free survival (EFS) in these patients, we conducted a comparative double-blind study of vitamin D vs. placebo.

Dose finding, bioavailability, and PK-PD of oral triapine with concurrent chemoradiation for locally advanced cervical cancer and vaginal cancer (ETCTN 9892).

Background: The addition of IV triapine to chemoradiation appeared active in phase I and II studies but drug delivery is cumbersome. We examined PO triapine with cisplatin chemoradiation.

Methods: We implemented a 3 + 3 design for PO triapine dose escalation with expansion, starting at 100 mg, five days a week for five weeks while receiving radiation with weekly IV cisplatin for locally advanced cervical or vaginal cancer.

Impact of racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic disparities on presentation and survival of HCC: A multicenter study.

Background: Racial and ethnic disparities have been reported for HCC prognosis, although few studies fully account for clinically important factors and social determinants of health, including neighborhood socioeconomic status.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective multicenter cohort study of patients newly diagnosed with HCC from January 2010 through August 2018 at 4 large health systems in the United States. We used multivariable logistic regression and cause-specific Cox proportional hazard models to identify factors associated with early-stage HCC presentation and overall survival.

Cancer nuclear envelope rupture and repair in taxane resistance.

Taxanes, including paclitaxel, docetaxel, and cabazitaxel, are key agents in cancer treatment, often used as front-line chemotherapy drugs in combination with other agent(s) (commonly carboplatin) and as second-line treatments alone. Generally, taxanes are highly effective, but drug resistance unavoidably develops following repeated treatment. Taxanes work by binding to and stabilizing microtubules, leading to mitotic arrest, mitotic catastrophe, and micronucleation.

Analysis of Physical Activity Using Wearable Health Technology in US Adults Enrolled in the All of Us Research Program: Multiyear Observational Study.

Background: To date, no studies have examined adherence to the 2018 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans (PAGA) in real-world longitudinal settings using objectively measured activity monitoring data. This study addresses this gap by using commercial activity monitoring (Fitbit) data from the All of Us dataset.

Objective: The primary objectives were to describe the prevalence of adherence to the 2018 PAGA and identify associated sociodemographic determinants.

Blood DNA Methylation Signature for Incident Dementia: Evidence from Longitudinal Cohorts.

Introduction: Distinguishing between molecular changes that precede dementia onset and those resulting from the disease is challenging with cross-sectional studies.

Methods: We studied blood DNA methylation (DNAm) differences and incident dementia in two large longitudinal cohorts: the Offspring cohort of the Framingham Heart Study (FHS) and the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) study. We analyzed blood DNAm samples from over 1,000 cognitively unimpaired subjects.

Association between education and allostatic load with risk of cancer mortality among Hispanic women.

Purpose: Cancer remains the leading cause of death among Hispanics in the US. While social determinants of health, such as educational attainment, have been linked to negative health outcomes, their biological mechanisms remain poorly understood. We evaluated the association between educational attainment and allostatic load (AL), a measure of chronic physiologic stress, with risk of cancer mortality in Hispanic women from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).

Exploring prostate-specific antigen (PSA) Testing rates and screening disparities in the all of us dataset.

Purpose: To examine prostate cancer (PCa) screening disparities among ethnic groups in the U.S. using the All of Us database.

Esophageal adenocarcinoma models: a closer look.

Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is a subtype of esophageal cancer with significant morbidity and mortality rates worldwide. Despite advancements in tumor models, the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms driving EAC pathogenesis are still poorly understood. Therefore, gaining insights into these mechanisms is crucial for improving patient outcomes.

Health Disparities and Inequities in the Utilization of Proton Therapy for Prostate Cancer.

Our study sought to review and summarize the reported health disparities and inequities in the utilization of proton beam therapy (PBT) for prostate cancer. We queried the PubMed search engine through 12/2023 for original publications examining disparate utilization of PBT for prostate cancer. The query terms included the following: prostate cancer AND proton AND (disparities OR IMRT OR race OR insurance OR socioeconomic OR inequities)".

Modeling Lymphoma Angiogenesis, Lymphangiogenesis, and Vessel Co-Option, and the Effects of Inhibition of Lymphoma-Vessel Interactions with an αCD20-EndoP125A Antibody Fusion Protein.

Lymphoma growth, progression, and dissemination require tumor cell interaction with supporting vessels and are facilitated through tumor-promoted angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, and/or lymphoma vessel co-option. Vessel co-option has been shown to be responsible for tumor initiation, metastasis, and resistance to anti-angiogenic treatment but is largely uncharacterized in the setting of lymphoma. We developed an in vitro model to study lymphoma-vessel interactions and found that mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) cells co-cultured on Matrigel with human umbilical vein (HUVEC) or human lymphatic (HLEC) endothelial cells migrate to and anneal with newly formed capillary-like (CLS) or lymphatic-like (LLS) structures, consistent with lymphoma-vessel co-option.

The development of growth hormone-releasing hormone analogs: Therapeutic advances in cancer, regenerative medicine, and metabolic disorders.

Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone (GHRH) and its analogs have gained significant attention for their therapeutic potential across various domains, including oncology, regenerative medicine, and metabolic disorders. Originally recognized for its role in regulating growth hormone (GH) secretion, GHRH has since been discovered to exert broader physiological effects beyond the pituitary gland, with GHRH receptors identified in multiple extrahypothalamic tissues, including tumor cells. This review explores the development of both GHRH agonists and antagonists, focusing on their mechanisms of action, therapeutic applications, and future potential.

Functional annotation of the Hippo pathway somatic mutations in human cancers.

The Hippo pathway is commonly altered in cancer initiation and progression; however, exactly how this pathway becomes dysregulated to promote human cancer development remains unclear. Here we analyze the Hippo somatic mutations in the human cancer genome and functionally annotate their roles in targeting the Hippo pathway. We identify a total of 85 loss-of-function (LOF) missense mutations for Hippo pathway genes and elucidate their underlying mechanisms.

Fostering Oral Chemotherapy Understanding and Safety (FOCUS) Project: Interventions for Improving Knowledge and Compliance With National Safety Standards.

Background: Oral chemotherapy drug development and use has increased, and evidence in the literature suggests variability in practices nationally. Thus, there is a need for continuous review of the process of oral chemotherapy administration that focuses on improving adherence to national standards.

Objectives: This quality improvement project evaluated provider and staff general knowledge on oral chemotherapy and national safety standards and the implementation and ease of use of an electronic medical record (EMR)-integrated chemotherapy documentation template geared toward improving compliance with national chemotherapy administration standards.

Measurable residual disease testing and allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation for AML: adapting Pre-MEASURE to clinical practice.

Measurable residual disease (MRD) testing in patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) represents a heterogenous assessment process designed to quantify leukemia-specific biomarkers that are not ascertainable by routine pathologic evaluation. The most common tools used to assess MRD are multiparameter flow cytometry (MPFC), and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based tools, including quantitative or digital droplet PCR (qPCR, ddPCR), or next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies. Collectively, MRD assessments have become an important clinical tool in the management of patients with AML.

Rethinking how mobile units can catalyze progress on lung cancer screening: a scoping review of what we have learned.

Background: Despite United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommendations, low uptake of lung cancer screening (LCS) highlights the need for measures to promote adoption. This scoping review aims to outline the global landscape of mobile low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) platforms, summarizing research and evaluating efficacy in screening at-risk populations.

Methods: We comprehensively searched Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science for articles published between 2017 and 2023.