Correlates of prolonged length of stay after endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery for pituitary adenomas: varying definitions and non-clinical factors.

Purpose: Prolonged length of stay (PLOS) can lead to resource misallocation and higher complication risks. However, there is no consensus on defining PLOS for endoscopic transsphenoidal pituitary surgery (ETPS). Therefore, we investigated the impact of varying PLOS definitions on factors associated with PLOS in patients undergoing ETPS.

Nanoformulation of Spirooxindole and Methods for Treating Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

This in vivo study introduces a newly developed spirooxindole derivative that is deemed safe and effective as a potential targeted therapy for various cancers. Extensive in vivo investigations, including histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and molecular biology, validated its potential for further preclinical and clinical exploration, necessitating comprehensive examinations of its bioavailability, pharmacodynamics, and pharmacokinetics. Additionally, this study involves the development of a commercially viable proniosomal drug delivery system for the compound, facilitating controlled drug release.

Urethra-sparing prostate cancer radiotherapy: Current practices and future insights from an international survey.

Purpose: In prostate cancer patients, high radiation doses to the urethra have been associated with an increased risk of severe genitourinary toxicity following dose-escalated radiotherapy. Urethra-sparing techniques have emerged as a promising approach to reduce urinary toxicity. This international survey aims to evaluate current global practices in urethra-sparing and explore future directions for the implementation of this technique in external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) for prostate cancer.

Olutasidenib in combination with azacitidine induces durable complete remissions in patients with relapsed or refractory mIDH1 acute myeloid leukemia: a multicohort open-label phase 1/2 trial.

Background: Olutasidenib is a potent, selective, oral, small molecule inhibitor of mutant IDH1 (mIDH1) which induced durable remissions in high-risk, relapsed/refractory (R/R) mIDH1 AML patients in a phase 1/2 trial. We present a pooled analysis from multiple cohorts of the phase 1/2 trial of patients with R/R AML who received combination olutasidenib and azacitidine therapy.

Methods: Adult patients with mIDH1 AML received 150 mg olutasidenib twice daily plus standard-of-care azacitidine (OLU + AZA) and were evaluated for response and safety.

Circulating Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma associated MYB transcripts enable rapid and sensitive detection of metastatic disease in blood liquid biopsies.

Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is a rare and lethal malignancy that originates in secretory glands of the head and neck. A prominent molecular feature of ACC is the overexpression of the proto-oncogene MYB. ACC has a poor long-term survival due to its high propensity for recurrence and protracted metastasis.

Latest Developments in Targeted Biological Therapies in the Management of Chordoma and Chondrosarcoma.

Study Design: Systematic review.

Objectives: The objective of this review paper was to summarize targeted molecular therapy options for spinal chordoma and chondrosarcoma, and to provide an update on the relevant clinical trials open for recruitment.

Methods: A systematic review of the current literature was performed, according to PRISMA guidelines, to summarize the latest developments in non-surgical molecular treatment options for low grade malignant primary spinal tumours.

Prioritizing Context-Dependent Cancer Gene Signatures in Networks.

There are numerous ways of portraying cancer complexity based on combining multiple types of data. A common approach involves developing signatures from gene expression profiles to highlight a few key reproducible features that provide insight into cancer risk, progression, or recurrence. Normally, a selection of such features is made through relevance or significance, given a reference context.

Presentation and Management of Silicone Lymphadenopathy: A Single Institutional Retrospective Cohort Study.

Introduction: Silicone Lymphadenopathy (SL) is a complication of breast implants that involves migration of silicone to nearby soft tissue/lymph nodes. Data on its clinical features and management is scarce. We aimed to identify the clinical presentation and management of SL.

A Small-Molecule Inhibitor of Gut Bacterial Urease Protects the Host from Liver Injury.

Hyperammonemia is characterized by the accumulation of ammonia within the bloodstream upon liver injury. Left untreated, hyperammonemia contributes to conditions such as hepatic encephalopathy that have high rates of patient morbidity and mortality. Previous studies have identified gut bacterial urease, an enzyme that converts urea into ammonia, as a major contributor to systemic ammonia levels.

Development of an eHealth Intervention Prototype to Prevent Health Risk Behaviors Among Hispanic Adolescents: A User-Centered Formative Study.

Health risk behaviors continue to disproportionately affect Hispanic youth. Despite the existence of successful family and school-based interventions, there is a need for developing and testing individually-based preventive interventions that are easily accessed and widely disseminated. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a prototype (proof of concept) for an individual-level mobile application (app), informed by Hispanic parents and adolescents, to prevent/reduce drug use and sexual risk behaviors among Hispanic youth.

The role of brainstem biopsy and targeted therapies in pediatric diffuse midline glioma/diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma.

Pediatric diffuse midline glioma (DMG), including diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG), are aggressive brainstem tumors with a dire prognosis, traditionally diagnosed based on MRI characteristics. The recognition that molecular characteristics may determine prognosis and response to therapy has led to a reevaluation of biopsy necessity. This comprehensive review addresses the evolving role of brainstem biopsies in diagnosing and managing these tumors - both within the context of a clinical trial and in routine clinical care.

"Developing a manual clinical trials screening process in a diverse southern gynecologic oncology practice".

Objective: There is no standard clinical trial screening process in gynecologic oncology. In our low resource, highly diverse gynecologic oncology patient population, we sought to create an equitable, adaptable, manual screening process.

Methods: Our objective is to describe our clinical trial screening process and success in improving trial enrollment.

Disparities in Utilization of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy Among Older Patients With Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A SEER-Medicare Analysis.

Purpose: In the United States, there are disparities in access to care for patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) on the basis of socioeconomic and racial/ethnic factors. This study investigates the association between race/ethnicity and the utilization of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy among older patients with advanced NSCLC (aNSCLC).

Methods: This retrospective study used data from the SEER-Medicare-linked database.

Enhancing chemotherapy response prediction via matched colorectal tumor-organoid gene expression analysis and network-based biomarker selection.

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) presents significant challenges in chemotherapy response prediction due to its molecular heterogeneity. Current methods often fail to account for the complexity and variability inherent in individual tumors.

Methods: We developed a novel approach using matched CRC tumor and organoid gene expression data.

hnRNPLL regulates MYOF alternative splicing and correlates with early metastasis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a deadly cancer known for its high rate of early metastasis, necessitating the discovery of the underlying mechanisms. Herein, we report that heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein L-like (hnRNPLL) expression significantly increases at the invasion forefront in PDAC and is associated with early metastasis and poor prognosis. Our findings revealed that hnRNPLL knockdown resulted in extensive exon skipping (ES) events.

Functional outcomes of single-session holmium laser enucleation of the prostate and high-intensity focused ultrasound in management of patients with prostate cancer and enlarged prostate: results from a pilot study.

Purpose: In patients with prostate cancer (PCa), focal therapy with High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) combined with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) surgery has been used to improve immediate post-operative voiding symptoms. Our study aimed to evaluate the functional outcomes of patients undergoing simultaneous holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) + HIFU and compare them to those who underwent HoLEP for bladder outlet obstruction secondary to BPH.

Methods: We performed retrospective review of patients who underwent HoLEP + HIFU or HoLEP between June 2017 and May 2024.

Impact of insurance on outcomes of patients undergoing endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery for non-functional pituitary adenomas: a single institution study.

Purpose: Uninsured and underinsured patients face notable healthcare disparities in neurosurgery, but limited literature exists on the impact of insurance on non-functioning pituitary adenomas (NFPAs). We investigated how insurance affects outcomes of endoscopic transsphenoidal pituitary surgery (ETPS) for NFPAs.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed NFPA patients who underwent ETPS at our institution from 2012 to 2023.

HRS Improves Active Surveillance for Prostate Cancer by Timely Identification of Progression.

Rationale And Objectives: Active surveillance (AS) is the preferred management strategy for low-risk prostate cancer. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of Habitat Risk Score (HRS), an automated approach for mpMRI analysis, for early detection of progressors in a prospective AS clinical trial (MAST NCT02242773).

Materials And Methods: The MAST protocol includes Confirmatory mpMRI ultrasound fusion (MRI-US) biopsy and yearly surveillance MRI-US biopsies for up to 3 years.

Perspectives of the medical oncologist regarding adjuvant chemotherapy for pancreatic cancer: An international expert survey and case vignette study.

Introduction: Adjuvant chemotherapy improves survival in patients with resected pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). The decision to initiate chemotherapy involves both patient and physician factors, decision-specific criteria, and contextual considerations. This study aimed to assess medical oncologists' views on adjuvant chemotherapy following pancreatic resection for PDAC.

High-Throughput Drug Screening in Chondrosarcoma Cells Identifies Effective Antineoplastic Agents Independent of IDH Mutation.

The term chondrosarcoma refers to a rare and heterogeneous group of malignant cartilaginous tumors that are typically resistant to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Metastatic chondrosarcoma has a poor prognosis, and effective systemic therapies are lacking. Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutations represent a potential therapeutic target, but IDH inhibitors alone have shown limited clinical efficacy to date.

Ultra-Processed Food and Prostate Cancer Risk: A Systemic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death among American men, following lung cancer. While diet and exercise have been extensively studied in relation to prostate cancer prevention, the evidence remains inconclusive. : A comprehensive literature search was performed to identify observational studies investigating the association between ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption and prostate cancer risk and mortality, determined by the NOVA classification system.