Metabolite Biomarkers for Early Detection of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: A Systematic Review.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains one of the most lethal malignancies, with a poor prognosis. This poor prognosis is largely attributed to a late-stage diagnosis. Recent advancements in metabolomics have emerged as a promising avenue for biomarker discovery in PDAC.

Impact of Prolonged SARS-CoV-2 Viral Shedding on COVID-19 Disease Outcome and Viral Dynamics.

This article aimed to review the current literature on the impact of continuous shedding of the COVID-19 virus in infected patients in relation to disease outcome variables and viral dynamics. Electronic databases PubMed, Google Scholar, and MedlinePlus were searched using relevant keywords, restricting the selection to thirty-two peer-reviewed articles and four gray literatures from the WHO websites. Findings from this study showed that several variables such as sex, age, immune status, treatments, and vaccines were found to affect the outcomes associated with the COVID-19 virus shedding.

An Integrated Pathophysiological and Clinical Perspective of the Synergistic Effects of Obesity, Hypertension, and Hyperlipidemia on Cardiovascular Health: A Systematic Review.

This review paper explores the synergistic effects of obesity, hypertension (HTN), and hyperlipidemia on cardiovascular health by integrating pathophysiological and clinical perspectives. Obesity, characterized by excessive body fat, HTN, defined by elevated blood pressure, and hyperlipidemia, indicated by high blood lipid levels, are globally prevalent conditions that significantly increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The interplay between these conditions exacerbates cardiovascular risk through mechanisms such as chronic inflammation, insulin resistance, endothelial dysfunction, arterial stiffness, and atherogenesis.

Analyzing Knowledge Status and HIV Linkage to Care: Insights From America's HIV Epidemic Analysis Dashboard (AHEAD) National Database.

Background: Understanding knowledge of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status and timely linkage to care are crucial for improving health outcomes among individuals living with HIV. This study analyzes trends in HIV knowledge status and linkage to care using data from America's HIV Epidemic Analysis Dashboard (AHEAD) National Database.

Methods: A retrospective database analysis was conducted utilizing the AHEAD National Database, focusing on individuals diagnosed with HIV from 2017 to 2022.

Challenges in Orthopedic Surgical Decision-Making for Multilevel Vertebrae Fractures.

Vertebral fractures commonly occur in postmenopausal women due to decreased bone density, a condition known as osteoporosis. They can occur after minimal trauma or even during routine activities. Vertebral fractures occur predominantly in individuals with a high fall risk.

Revolutionizing Healthcare: How Telemedicine Is Improving Patient Outcomes and Expanding Access to Care.

Telemedicine uses digital technologies to provide healthcare services remotely, greatly improving patient access, especially during crises like the COVID-19 pandemic. This systematic review investigates telemedicine's effects on patient outcomes, access to care, and its role in the evolving healthcare landscape. Relevant studies were identified using MeSH terms and keywords through electronic databases and manual reference list screenings.

Analyzing Obesity Trends in American Children and Adolescents: Comprehensive Examination Using the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) Database.

Background In the USA, obesity in children and adolescents has become a major public health concern. Childhood obesity has been linked to various cardiometabolic comorbidities all through one's life. Owing to the significant increment in childhood obesity rates, there has been an urgent need for the identification of the correlates and antecedents of adiposity and the cardiometabolic risk to enable early prevention of obesity.

FDA-Approved Janus Kinase-Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (JAK-STAT) Inhibitors for Managing Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Narrative Review of the Literature.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a complex autoimmune disease causing chronic joint inflammation and, in more serious cases, organ involvement. RA typically affects people between the ages of 35 and 60; however, it can also afflict children younger than the age of 16 years and can also demonstrate a pattern of remission later in the disease course. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, glucocorticoids, exercise, and patient education are all used in the management of RA, which is divided into symptomatic management and disease-modifying management (disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs) to reduce pain and inflammation, thereby preserving joint function.

Commonly used diagnostic label, classes, domain, and formulation among nursing students in Ibadan, Oyo State Nigeria.

Background: In order to select nursing actions that will produce the desired results, a nursing diagnosis is crucial. Despite this, it can be challenging for nursing students to recognize and create precise nursing diagnostic labels that are particular to a patient's situation. The study's objectives are to identify the diagnostic labels, classes, and domains that are frequently formulated by nursing students.

Should the Left Atrial Appendage Closure (LAAC) Technique Be the Main Form of Stroke Prevention in Patients With Long-Standing Persistent or Permanent Atrial Fibrillation?

Currently, oral anticoagulants are considered the gold standard for stroke prevention in patients with atrial fibrillation. Despite the efficacy of oral anticoagulants in reducing stroke incidence, patients are at risk of developing adverse reactions such as excessive bleeding and bruising, and can also have drug-drug interactions. In the early 2000s, a minimally invasive technique called the left atrial appendage closure emerged as an alternative for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation patients who could not tolerate oral anticoagulants.

Efficacy and Safety of Variable Treatment Options in the Prevention of Hepatic Encephalopathy: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.

There are no guidelines for the most effective medication to reduce hepatic encephalopathy (HE) or the associated mortality. The purpose of this study is to determine the most effective possible treatment among the single treatment options or the combined treatment options for decreasing the morbidity and mortality of HE. We evaluated the outcomes by various parameters such as the quality of life, reduction in ammonia, all causes of mortality, adverse events, reversal of minimal HE, and development of overt HE.

Uncontrolled Arterial Bleeding in a Patient With Massive Right Calf Hematoma: A Case Report and a Review of the Literature.

A hematoma is a collection of pooled blood that can be confined to a space under the skin, tissue, or organ. It occurs due to injury to the vasculature arising from trauma, previous surgeries, or vascular defects. Anticoagulants can remarkably increase a patient's risk for hematoma formation.

Correction to: Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection in a Young Man.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.14740/jmc3490.].

PATIENT-RELATED FACTORS AND CLINICAL MANAGEMENT OUTCOMES OF RETINOBLASTOMA IN CALABAR, NIGERIA.

Background: Retinoblastoma is curable in industrialized countries. However, it is associated with mortality in resource-poor nations due to disparities and poor access to eye care. Aim was to determine the relationships between patient-related factors and clinical outcomes of Retinoblastoma management in a tertiary hospital in Nigeria.

Revolutionizing Cardiac Care: A Comprehensive Narrative Review of Cardiac Rehabilitation and the Evolution of Cardiovascular Medicine.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) stands as a global health crisis, with its complex web of conditions, including coronary artery disease, heart failure, hypertension, and stroke, continuing to exact a heavy toll on individuals and healthcare systems worldwide. Despite substantial advances in medical technology and pharmaceutical interventions, CVD remains a formidable adversary, necessitating innovative prevention, management, and rehabilitation approaches. In tracing the historical trajectory of CVD, the narrative reveals the antiquated practices of early 20th-century medicine, marked by extended bed rest as the primary modality for heart-related conditions.

Factors Affecting the Rate of Colonoscopy Among African Americans Aged Over 45 Years.

African Americans continue to have a low rate of colonoscopy screening despite the U.S. Preventive Services Taskforce's (USPSTF) recommendations and its proven benefits.

Inhaled corticosteroids' effect on COVID-19 patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Background: More than six million people died due to COVID-19, and 10-15% of infected individuals suffer from post-covid syndrome. Corticosteroids are widely used in the management of severe COVID-19 and post-acute COVID-19 symptoms. This study synthesizes current evidence of the effectiveness of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) on mortality, hospital length-of-stay (LOS), and improvement of smell scores in patients with COVID-19.