Mental Health Issues and Psychosocial Contexts in CICL Children Versus Non-CICL Children: A Comparative Study.

Background: Children in conflict with law (CICL) is an emerging issue in the contemporary world. Children between the ages of 12 years and 18 years are the most productive age group, but some children may develop behaviors that are undesirable to society by violating laws. The mental health and associated psychosocial factors of such children are lacking in India.

Psychosocial Consequences Among Witch-hunting Survivors: A Qualitative Study from Jharkhand, India.

Background: Witch-hunting is an evil practice and part of the culture of many marginalized groups in India and globally. The unethical ways of barbarity against women happening in the name of the witch-hunting practice is another face of gender-based discrimination against women who are denied basic living rights. This study aims to understand the psychosocial consequences experienced by witch-hunting survivors.

A 12-Month Randomized Controlled Trial to Assess the Impact of Telemedicine on Patient Experience and Care Continuity.

Background: Telemedicine is the use of electronic information to communicate technologies to provide and support healthcare when distance separates the participants. Satisfaction and engagement of patients are key resource indicators for any healthcare setup and healthcare provider for evolving the care continuum (a system that provides a comprehensive range of health services so that care can evolve with the patient over time) and ensuring continuous quality improvement in the systems. As the latest remarkable strategy to connect with patients for consultations and follow-up, telemedicine has been of pivotal importance, especially during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), where medicinal services utilize digital sound, video, and information interchanges to remotely access and provide care.

Bowel Management in Patients With Chronic Spinal Cord Injury: A Cross-Sectional Survey.

Introduction Spinal cord injury (SCI) impairs colorectal movement, transit time, and complete evacuation at defecation. Incontinence has been documented to affect quality of life across the globe in different proportions. Bowel management has been recognized as a key factor in SCI patients' participation in the society and leading a satisfactory life.

Improvement in Pain and Quality of Life After Ultrasound-Guided Saphenous Nerve Block in Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis.

Introduction Osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee is a common complaint in the elderly population and results in considerable disability in advanced stages. Though many pharmacological, electrotherapeutic, and interventional options are available for the effective treatment of knee OA in the early stages, these modalities fail to provide effective and long-term relief in some cases where peripheral nerve blocks may prove beneficial. Hence, this study was conducted to assess the efficacy of the saphenous nerve block in knee pain due to OA.

Prevalence of depression and quality of life in primary caregiver of children with cerebral palsy.

Objective: Study the correlation of depression and quality of life (QoL) in primary caregivers (mothers) of children with cerebral palsy (CP).

Methods: An observational cross-sectional study was conducted on a total of 203 primary caregivers (mothers) of children with CP. The depression and QoL in the caregivers were assessed using the Montgomery and Asberg Depression Rating Scale and World Health Organization Quality of Life Instrument (WHOQOL-BREF) (physical, psychological, social and environmental domains), respectively.

Clean intermittent catheterization in long-term management of neurogenic bladder in spinal cord injury: Patient perspective and experiences.

Objectives: Bladder dysfunction due to spinal cord injury has a significant impact on the overall health and quality of life of an individual. Clean intermittent catheterization is the gold standard for bladder management and is recommended due to having the lowest complication rate. Transitions from intermittent catheterization to other less optimal strategies, such as indwelling catheter, are quite common.

Sensory nerve conduction study of median ulnar and radial nerves in type 2 diabetic individuals in the age group 40-80 years.

Aim: The study intends to find out the effect of Type 2 diabetes on the sensory nerve of the upper extremity.

Method: This research includes 100 subjects, both male and female, within the age group of 40-80 years. The subjects were divided into two groups, A and B.

Phenol Versus Botulinum Toxin A Injection in Ambulatory Cerebral Palsy Spastic Diplegia: A Comparative Study.

The aim of this study is to compare the treatment effectiveness of botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) and phenol blocks in the management of lower limb spasticity and to measure improvement in gross motor functional outcome in children with cerebral palsy (CP). This is a hospital-based prospective, noncontrolled randomized study that took place in a tertiary care center. A total of 61 ambulatory children with CP spastic diplegia, aged from 4 to 10 years, were randomly divided into two groups and included in this study.

Role of rehabilitation in Hurler's syndrome.

Hurler syndrome is an inherited autosomal recessive disorder of lysosomal accumulation of un-degraded glucosaminoglycan secondary to deficiency of a-L-Iduronidase enzyme. It is most severe form of Mucopolysaccharidosis with incidence of 1:100 000. It has multisystemic involvement leading to multiple deformity, disability and death within 10th years of life.

Proximal femoral focal deficiency associated with fibular duplication and diplopodia and complete agenesis of the tibia: a case report.

A 14-year-old boy reported with congenital deformity of the left lower limb, with gross shortening, hip and knee flexion deformities, ankle with equinus deformity, and polydactyly of the left foot. Radiologic examination showed proximal femoral focal deficiency, double fibula, and duplication of the tarsal bones, and a diagnosis of 'proximal femoral focal deficiency associated with fibular duplication and diplopodia with complete agenesis of tibia' was made. Such association of deformities is very rare and poses difficulties in rehabilitation of the case.

Macrodystrophia lipomatosa of foot involving great toe.

Macrodystrophia lipomatosa is a rare form of congenital disorder in which there is localized gigantism characterized by progressive overgrowth of all mesenchymal elements with a disproportionate increase in the fibroadipose tissues. The adipose tissue infiltration involves subcutaneous tissue, periosteum, nerves and bone marrow. Most of the cases reported have hand or foot involvement.

Percutaneous A1 pulley release by the tip of a 20-g hypodermic needle before open surgical procedure in trigger finger management.

The objective of the study was to assess the safety, the efficacy, and the result of percutaneous A1 pulley release, using the tip of a 20-G hypodermic needle; the study included 17 patients with 27 trigger digits (18 grade IIIA, 8 grade IIIB, and 1 grade IV). All the patients were assessed by the total range of motion of the affected digit, the visual analog scale score, and the Disability of Arm Shoulder Hand score, before and after the procedure and during the follow-up at 2, 6, 12, and 24 weeks, and then every 3 months, and the improvement was assessed by one sample t test. Sixteen patients with 26 trigger digits (95.

Echo-guided estimation of formula for paravertebral block in neonates, infants and children till 5 years.

Aims: The aim of the study was to derive a clinically useful formula for paravertebral block for thoracic, lumbar (L1) and cervical level (C6) as per the ultrasound-guided measurements in neonates, infants and children up to 5 years of age.

Settings And Design: Observational study.

Methods: Seventy-five patients from 2 days to 60 months were included.

Comparison of success rate of ultrasound-guided sciatic and femoral nerve block and neurostimulation in children with arthrogryposis multiplex congenita: a randomized clinical trial.

Background And Objectives: Arthrogryposis multiplex congenital is hallmarked with immobile joints and muscle fibrosis. The main objective of this study was to compare the success rate of ultrasound-guided sciatic and femoral nerve blocks with nerve stimulations in children diagnosed with distal arthrogryposis multiplex congenita.

Method: Sixty children aged 8 months to 2 years posted for foot surgery were randomly assigned to group NS and group US of 30 each.

Feasibility and efficacy of placement of continuous sciatic perineural catheters solely under ultrasound guidance in children: a descriptive study.

Background: Placement of sciatic catheters with ultrasound and stimulating catheters is known. Literature regarding catheter placements with only ultrasound is limited. We aimed to investigate the feasibility of performing continuous sciatic nerve block exclusively with ultrasound guidance and minimal equipment.

Ultrasound-guided sciatic nerve block in infants and toddlers produces successful anesthesia regardless of the motor response.

Background And Objectives: The primary objective of this study was to assess the success rate of ultrasound-guided sciatic needle placement regardless of the motor stimulation in infants and toddlers.

Methods: Forty-five consecutive patients aged 7 months-2 years, scheduled for foot surgery, were included in this prospective, descriptive and blinded study. After induction of general anesthesia, sciatic nerve block was performed under ultrasound guidance in the subgluteal area using an insulated needle connected to a nerve stimulator, with the power off.

Does ultrasound guidance improve the success rate of infraclavicular brachial plexus block when compared with nerve stimulation in children with radial club hands?

Background: The classical response to nerve stimulation may be altered in cases of radial club hand. Ultrasound guidance may prove to be a useful tool in such situations. In this study, we compared the success rate of ultrasound-guided infraclavicular brachial plexus block with nerve stimulation for children undergoing radial club hand repair.

Continuous infraclavicular brachial plexus block: a modified technique to better secure catheter position in infants and children.

Introduction: The infraclavicular approach to the brachial plexus provides suitable anesthesia and also lends itself well to stabilizing and securing a catheter for a continuous infusion. We describe an approach for continuous infusions using an infraclavicular approach in children.

Methods: Twenty-five patients aged 8 mo to 3 yr, weighing 7-14 kg, scheduled for forearm and hand surgeries were studied.

Infraclavicular coracoid approach brachial plexus block for radial club hand repair.

Background: Radial club hand is a congenital deformity in which the radius is absent, the metacarpophylangeal and interphalayngeal joints are fused and muscles arising from the radius are absent. This can alter the motor response to peripheral nerve stimulation. The classical motor response to median nerve stimulation (contractions of the fingers) cannot be elicited, hence fine twitches in the hand, at the wrist or in the surgical area or pronation-supination at a current of 0.

Continuous sciatic block for leg and foot surgery in 160 children.

Background: The aim of this study was to assess the safety and efficacy of continuous sciatic block for lower limb surgery in children.

Methods: A total of 160 pediatric patients aged 4 months to 12 years weighing 3.5-50 kg, were given continuous sciatic block plus single shot 3-in-1 block for leg and foot surgery.

Flexion osteotomy of the femur for genu recurvatum after poliomyelitis.

We report the results of 21 femoral osteotomies performed in 18 patients for genu recurvatum and flattening of the femoral condyles after poliomyelitis. Before operation the average angle of recurvatum was 31 degrees and all the limbs required bracing. After a mean follow-up of four years there has been partial recurrence in only one case.