Therapeutic and pharmacological efficacy of plant-derived bioactive compounds in targeting breast cancer.

Breast cancer (BC) ranks number one among cancers affecting women globally. Serious concerns include delayed diagnosis, poor prognosis, and adverse side effects of conventional treatment, leading to residual morbidity. Therefore, an alternative treatment approach that is safe and effective has become the need of the hour.

A Comprehensive Analysis of Y-Chromosome Microdeletions and Their Relationship to Male Infertility and Lifestyle Variables.

Background: Male infertility is the inability of a male to conceive a fertile female during at least a year of unprotected sexual activity. A variety of medical conditions and treatments cause male infertility. Y chromosome microdeletion is an important cause of infertility among males.

Efficacy of melatonin in decreasing the incidence of delirium in critically ill adults: a randomized controlled trial.

Objective: To determine whether enteral melatonin decreases the incidence of delirium in critically ill adults.

Methods: In this randomized controlled trial, adults were admitted to the intensive care unit and received either usual standard care alone (Control Group) or in combination with 3mg of enteral melatonin once a day at 9 PM (Melatonin Group). Concealment of allocation was done by serially numbered opaque sealed envelopes.

Clinical and neuropsychological characterization of SuperAgers residing in Delhi and National Capital Region of India-A cross-sectional study.

Introduction: SuperAgers (SA) are older adults who exhibit cognitive capacities comparable to individuals who are three or more decades younger than them. The current study aimed to identify the characteristics of Indian SA by categorizing 55 older adults into SA and Typical Older Adults (TOA) and comparing their performance with a group of 50 younger participants (YP) (aged 25-50).

Methods: A total of 105 participants were recruited after obtaining informed written consent.

Association of collaborative care intervention features with depression and metabolic outcomes in the INDEPENDENT study: A mixed methods study.

Aims: The INtegrating DEPrEssioN and Diabetes treatmENT (INDEPENDENT) trial tested a collaborative care model including electronic clinical decision support (CDS) for treating diabetes and depression in India. We aimed to assess which features of this clinically and cost-effective intervention were associated with improvements in diabetes and depression measures.

Methods: Post-hoc analysis of the INDEPENDENT trial data (189 intervention participants) was conducted to determine each intervention feature's effect: 1.

Ubiquitin specific peptidase (USP37) mediated effects in microscaffold-encapsulated cells: a comprehensive study on growth, proliferation and EMT.

Though significant advances have been made in developing therapeutic strategies for cancer, suitable models for mechanistically identifying relevant drug targets and understanding disease progression are still lacking. Most studies are generally performed using two-dimensional (2D) models, since these models can be readily established and allow high throughput assays. However, these models have also been reported as the reason for unreliable pre-clinical information.

Serum Adipokines as Biomarkers for Surveillance of Metabolic Syndrome in Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Survivors in Low Middle-Income Countries.

Background: Serum adipokines (leptin and adiponectin) are dysregulated before the onset of metabolic syndrome and hence may be useful biomarkers for screening of cardiometabolic late effects in childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (cALL) survivors.

Methods: We compared serum adipokine levels between 40 cALL survivors (aged 10-18 years, >2 years from treatment completion) with similar controls. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was then done to assess the association of metabolic syndrome in cALL survivors with variables including adipokines and other metabolic parameters, demographic and treatment details, and Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scan-derived variables.

A randomized controlled trial to explore the safety and efficacy of irradiated buffy-coat granulocytes in pediatric patients with febrile neutropenia.

Background: Transfusion of granulocytes obtained by apheresis is beneficial in febrile neutropenia (FN) but expensive and time-consuming. Buffy-coat-derived granulocytes could be an alternative. We studied the efficacy and safety of the administration of irradiated buffy-coat-derived granulocytes along with the standard of care in pediatric high-risk (HR) FN.

Readiness and Motivation of ASHAs towards Their Participation in Non-Communicable Disease Control Programmein North India:A Cross Sectional Study.

Background: ASHAs (Accredited Social Health Activist)role is evolving beyond maternal and child health workers. They are engaged in NCD (Non-communicable Diseases)control activities. This study investigated their preparedness for this new task.

Continuous Subcutaneous Infusion Delivery of Apomorphine in Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review.

Background: Continuous subcutaneous apomorphine infusion (CSAI) is one of the advanced therapies for Parkinson's disease (PD).

Methods: A systematic review of all published articles in English on CSAI for PD till January 30, 2022 was conducted.

Results: A total of 82 articles met the search criteria.

Comparative evaluation of putty index and custom template for direct composite restoration of uncomplicated crown fractures in permanent anterior teeth.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare and evaluate Putty Index and Custom Template Technique for Direct Composite restoration of uncomplicated crown fractures in permanent anterior teeth.

Material And Methods: A total of 100 teeth were randomly allocated to the respective groups, n=49 in Group I and n=51 in Group II. Composite build up using Putty Index technique in Group I and vacuum formed Custom Template in Group II was done followed by finishing and polishing of the restoration.

Liver Transplantation for Acute Liver Failure- Indication, Prioritization, Timing, and Referral.

Acute liver failure (ALF) is a major success story in gastroenterology, with improvements in critical care and liver transplant resulting in significant improvements in patient outcomes in the current era compared to the dismal survival rates in the pretransplant era. However, the ever-increasing list of transplant candidates and limited organ pool makes judicious patient selection and organ use mandatory to achieve good patient outcomes and prevent organ wastage. Several scoring systems exist to facilitate the identification of patients who need a liver transplant and would therefore need an early referral to a specialized liver unit.

Fully automatic deep learning-based lung parenchyma segmentation and boundary correction in thoracic CT scans.

Purpose: The proposed work aims to develop an algorithm to precisely segment the lung parenchyma in thoracic CT scans. To achieve this goal, the proposed technique utilized a combination of deep learning and traditional image processing algorithms. The initial step utilized a trained convolutional neural network (CNN) to generate preliminary lung masks, followed by the proposed post-processing algorithm for lung boundary correction.

Expression of long non-coding RNA UCA1 and its clinical relevance in paediatric acute myeloid leukemia.

The underlying mechanisms and clinical significance of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) urothelial cancer associated 1 (UCA1) is largely unknown in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We aimed to study the expression of lncRNA UCA1, and its biological and clinical relevance in AML. Expression of lncRNA UCA1 was quantified in peripheral blood (PB) samples of children with AML (n=69), post-induction, after achieving complete remission (CR) (n=8), and in patients who had relapsed (n=10).

Decoding the Guidelines of Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis in Critical Care Setting: Imaging Perspective.

Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is a common, life-threatening opportunistic fungal infection seen in susceptible individuals especially those admitted in critical care units. Multiple guidelines have been promulgated for the diagnosis of IPA, some of which are all inclusive, while others cater to specific patient groups. Microbiology forms the crux of the majority of the diagnostic tests/criteria; however, results take a considerable amount of time.

Human gut microbiome: A primer for the clinician.

The human host gets tremendously influenced by a genetically and phenotypically distinct and heterogeneous constellation of microbial species-the human microbiome-the gut being one of the most densely populated and characterized site for these organisms. Microbiome science has advanced rapidly, technically with respect to the analytical methods and biologically with respect to its mechanistic influence in health and disease states. A clinician conducting a microbiome study should be aware of the nuances related to microbiome research, especially with respect to the technical and biological factors that can influence the interpretation of research outcomes.