Therapy related AML in a case of chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

In comparison to the general population, patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) are at a higher risk of developing secondary malignancies. Several factors may contribute to pathogenesis, including direct effects of chemotherapy and radiation as well as the reduction of immune surveillance. Factors influencing the increased risk include the increasing age of CLL patients, chronic antigenic stimulation, and immune impairment related to CLL or chemotherapy.

Mining Trends of COVID-19 Vaccine Beliefs on Twitter With Lexical Embeddings: Longitudinal Observational Study.

Background: Social media plays a pivotal role in disseminating news globally and acts as a platform for people to express their opinions on various topics. A wide variety of views accompany COVID-19 vaccination drives across the globe, often colored by emotions that change along with rising cases, approval of vaccines, and multiple factors discussed online.

Objective: This study aims to analyze the temporal evolution of different emotions and the related influencing factors in tweets belonging to 5 countries with vital vaccine rollout programs, namely India, the United States, Brazil, the United Kingdom, and Australia.

Askin Tumor - Presenting as a Case of Paraparesis: A Rare Clinical Entity. Case Report and Findings on F-Fluorodeoxyglucose-Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography.

Askin tumors are rare malignant neoplasms located in the thoracopulmonary region and mainly occur in children and adolescents. In this report, we describe a case of histologically proven Askin's tumor in a 24-year-old male. The patient was admitted with a history of 3-month lower back pain and with a rare presentation of paraparesis.

Acute myeloid leukemia: novel mutations and their clinical implications.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogenous and challenging hematological malignancy with suboptimal outcomes. The implications of advanced technologies in the genetic characterization of AML have enhanced the understanding of individualized patient risk, which has also led to the development of new therapeutic strategies. A comprehensive study of novel mutations is essential to moderate the complicacies in patient management and achieve optimal outcomes in AML.

Cytology of Castleman's disease (hyaline-vascular type) masquerading as Hodgkin's lymphoma.

Castleman disease (CD) is a rare benign disorder presents as a lymph nodal mass in mediastinum, cervical, axillary or abdomen. Due to the presence of dysplastic dendritic cell in a background mature lymphocyte and plasma cell, it mimics Hodgkin disease (HD). Synchronous and metachronous occurrence in HD and CD can also occur.

A comprehensive analysis of cytogenetics, molecular profile, and survival among pediatric acute myeloid leukemia: a prospective study from a tertiary referral center.

Background And Aims: The objectives of this study were to investigate the cyto-molecular profile and survival of pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML).

Methods: This prospective study was carried out in a tertiary care hospital from October 2018 to December 2020. Karyotype and cytogenetics analyses were done to identify chromosomal aberrations in pediatric AML.

Clinicopathological and laboratory parameters of plasma cell leukemia among Indian population.

Background: Plasma cell leukemia (PCL) is a rare and aggressive plasma cell neoplasm distinguished by extensive clonal expansion of plasma cells in the bone marrow (BM) and peripheral blood (PB). PCL is divided into two subtypes: primary (pPCL) originates without preceding multiple myeloma, while secondary (sPCL) comprises a leukemic modification that occurs as a late manifestation from previous multiple myeloma (MM). pPCL and sPCL are clinically and biologically two different entities.

Antimicrobial prescription at the time of discharge from a tertiary-care hospital in India: A potential target for reducing use at the community level.

We evaluated the appropriateness of antibiotic prescriptions at discharge from a tertiary-care hospital in India. Of the 790 adult patients included, 84.4% received antibiotics.

"Ear of the Lynx" Sign in Hereditary Spastic Paraparesis (HSP) 76.

Background: Hereditary Spastic Paraparesis HSP) are a group of genetically inherited disorders, clinically and genetically heterogenous and characterized by degeneration of corticospinal tracts, manifesting with progressive spasticity and lower limbs weakness. Most HSPs have an autosomal dominant inheritance. "Ear of the Lynx" sign describes the characteristic abnormality in the forceps minor region of the corpus callosum (CC) on MRI brain.

Bone marrow-derived extracellular vesicles modulate the abundance of infiltrating immune cells in the brain and exert an antiviral effect against the Japanese encephalitis virus.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have regenerative capacity and have reported a beneficial effect on the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) in an encephalitis model. However, the MSCs do not cross the blood-brain barrier and have other disadvantages limiting their therapeutic utility scope. Recently, there has been a shift in concept from a cell-based to a cell-free approach using MSCs-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs).

Role of Laparoscopic Transillumination Guidance During Hysteroscopic Metroplasty in Simplifying Surgical Management of Type II Robert's Uterus.

Robert's uterus is a rare variant of septate uterus with an asymmetrical septum which divides the uterine cavity into a noncommunicating hemiuterus causing hematometra and other communicating hemiuterus with a single cervix and a normal fundal contour (U2bC3V4 ESHRE classification). It is a cause of severe dysmenorrhea in young girls. However, there is a type of Robert uterus (Type II) which does not have collection in the blind cavity and causes symptoms later, similar to our case.

Therapy related complications in plasmablastic lymphoma in immunocompetent individual.

Background: Plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) is a rare and aggressive subtype of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma seen in immunocompromised individuals. It has a diffuse growth pattern, with no standard therapy and a poor survival rate. Due to overlap in presenting features with lymphoma and myeloma, PBL is often a diagnostic dilemma.

Hypocellular AML versus MDS-diagnostic challenge case report with review of literature.

Hypocellular AML being a rare entity with considerable overlapping features and characteristics with various other entities brings a need to have a better and clear understanding of hypocellular AML to differentiate in the decision-making process for therapeutic patient management. With some degree of dysplasia inherently associated with AML it is challenging to differentiate hypocellular AML from Myelodysplastic syndromes. We present a case report where the diagnostic dilemma in an elderly male patient who presented with fever, pallor, weight loss and fatiguability.

Paediatric orbital ultrasound: Tips and tricks.

Background: The orbital structures are ideally suited for ultrasound examination due to their superficial location and cystic composition of the eye. However, orbital ultrasound remains an underutilised modality due to preference for other cross-sectional modalities in general practice.

Aim: In this article, we review the basic principles, clinical uses and technique of orbital ultrasound in peadiatric patients.

Clinical Profile and Treatment Outcomes of Hypermanganesemia with Dystonia 1 and 2 among 27 Indian Children.

Background: Hypermanganesemia with dystonia 1 and 2 (HMNDYT1 and 2) are rare, inherited disorders of manganese transport.

Objectives: We aimed to describe clinical, laboratory features, and outcomes among children with HMNDYT.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective multicenter study involving tertiary centers across India.

A rare case of late-onset limb-girdle muscular dystrophy: Calpainopathy.

Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy is a genetic disorder usually presenting in younger age patients. This case report presents a case of late-onset limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type R1 (Calpainopathy) in a 65 year old patient.

Ligand recognition by peptidoglycan recognition protein-S (PGRP-S): structure of the complex of camel PGRP-S with heptanoic acid at 2.15 Å resolution.

Peptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGRPs) are important components of the innate immune system which provide the first line of defense against invading microbes. There are four members in the family of PGRPs in animals of which PGRP-S is a common domain. It is responsible for the binding to microbial cell wall molecules.