3D Segmentation of Whole Lung and Metastatic Lung Nodules Using Adaptive Region Growing and Shape-based Morphology.

Objective: Early diagnosis of primary and metastatic lung nodules is critical for effective therapeutic planning. Manual delineation of lung nodules is not time-efficient and is prone to human error as well as interobserver and intraobserver variability. This study aimed to address the unmet need for an open-source computer-aided detection (CAD) system for 3D segmentation of lung and metastatic lung nodules along with radiomic feature extraction.

CD14CD16 classical monocyte subset secreting IL-1ß and IL-10 is associated with 'Tuberculosis Resisters' phenotype.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) infection can lead to various outcomes, including active tuberculosis or latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). Household contacts of TB cases have a high risk of acquiring LTBI.

Enhancing Radiological Reporting in Head and Neck Cancer: Converting Free-Text CT Scan Reports to Structured Reports Using Large Language Models.

 The aim of this study was to assess efficacy of large language models (LLMs) for converting free-text computed tomography (CT) scan reports of head and neck cancer (HNCa) patients into a structured format using a predefined template.  A retrospective study was conducted using 150 CT reports of HNCa patients. A comprehensive structured reporting template for HNCa CT scans was developed, and the Generative Pre-trained Transformer 4 (GPT-4) was initially used to convert 50 CT reports into a structured format using this template.

Epidemiology of chronic and acute pancreatitis in India (EPICAP-India): protocol for a multicentre study.

Introduction: Acute and chronic pancreatitis (CP) are inflammatory conditions of the pancreas that cause local and systemic complications. The epidemiology of these conditions are not well-known in India.

Methods And Analysis: We describe the protocol and procedures of a multicentre study for delineating the epidemiology of pancreatitis in India.

Immunoglobulin G4-related disease of the testis masquerading as a testicular mass: a clinical dilemma.

Immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4)-related disease is a rare immune-mediated fibro-inflammatory disorder with many clinical manifestations. Most commonly affected sites include the pancreas, salivary glands, kidneys, lachrymal glands, biliary tree, aorta and retroperitoneum; testicular involvement is a rare entity. This report describes a man in his 20s who presented with a persistent painless mass in his left testis.

Buprenorphine 'microdosing' method for switching patients with opioid dependence from methadone to buprenorphine.

Various factors limit the acceptability of methadone as an opioid agonist treatment (OAT), in which case, buprenorphine becomes the preferred alternative. The classical approach is to gradually taper methadone to a low dose and buprenorphine is initiated after some opioid-free period, which generally takes weeks. A novel approach known as 'microdosing' or the 'Bernese method' might serve as a valuable alternative.

Nanomedicines as a cutting-edge solution to combat antimicrobial resistance.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a critical threat to global public health, necessitating the development of novel strategies. AMR occurs when bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites evolve to resist antimicrobial drugs, making infections difficult to treat and increasing the risk of disease spread, severe illness, and death. Over 70% of infection-causing microorganisms are estimated to be resistant to one or several antimicrobial drugs.

Cerebral venous thrombosis: an unanticipated consequence of unilateral internal jugular vein ligation.

Retrograde cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is a rare complication following internal jugular vein (IJV) ligation. The patient described in this report is a male in his 30s with locally advanced carcinoma tongue. He underwent near-total glossectomy and bilateral neck dissection.

Process of Renewal of PC&PNDT License of a Large Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital of North India: How One Needs to Plan for It?

 The Pre-Conception and Pre-Natal Diagnostic Techniques (Prohibition of Sex Selection) Act (PC&PNDT Act), 1994 was enacted to prevent sex determination and female feticide. As a mandatory statutory requirement, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India has to renew its PC&PNDT license after every 5 years.  The current study was undertaken with an objective to delineate in detail, the process of PC&PNDT license renewal, and the challenges dealt with while submitting the renewal application.

Delayed Presentation of Baffle Obstruction in an Adult Post-Mustard Repair of Transposition: Computed Tomography Demonstration.

Atrial switch surgery is performed in patients with transposition of the great arteries. One of the complications of this surgery is obstruction of the baffle created. We describe the computed tomography findings of one such case where there was delayed presentation of recurrent Mustard baffle obstruction in addition to pulmonary venous drainage obstruction in an adult previously operated on for intra-atrial repair of transposition of the great arteries.

Radiologic Decision-Making for Imaging in Pulmonary Embolism: Accuracy and Reliability of Large Language Models-Bing, Claude, ChatGPT, and Perplexity.

 Artificial intelligence chatbots have demonstrated potential to enhance clinical decision-making and streamline health care workflows, potentially alleviating administrative burdens. However, the contribution of AI chatbots to radiologic decision-making for clinical scenarios remains insufficiently explored. This study evaluates the accuracy and reliability of four prominent Large Language Models (LLMs)-Microsoft Bing, Claude, ChatGPT 3.

Molecular profiling and therapeutic tailoring to address disease heterogeneity in systemic lupus erythematosus.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic, heterogeneous, systemic autoimmune disease characterized by autoantibody production, complement activation, and immune complex deposition. SLE predominantly affects young, middle-aged, and child-bearing women with episodes of flare-up and remission, although it affects males at a much lower frequency (female: male; 7:1 to 15:1). Technological and molecular advancements have helped in patient stratification and improved patient prognosis, morbidity, and treatment regimens overall, impacting quality of life.

Short-term heart rate variability: A potential approach to frailty assessment in older adults.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate cardiac autonomic modulation using short-term heart rate variability (HRV) and compare it among frailty statuses in older Indian adults.

Methods: A total of 210 subjects aged 60 years and above were recruited into three groups: frail ( = 70), pre-frail ( = 70), and non-frail ( = 70) from the outpatient department of Geriatric Medicine at a tertiary care hospital in India. Frailty status was assessed using the Rockwood frailty index (FI) criteria.

Emergence and impact of theranostic-nanoformulation of triple therapeutics for combination cancer therapy.

Cancer remains a major global health threat necessitating the multipronged approaches for its prevention and management. Traditional approaches in the form of chemotherapy, surgery, and radiotherapy are often encountered with poor patient outcomes evidenced by high mortality and morbidity, compelling the need for precision medicine for cancer patients to enable personalized and targeted cancer treatment. There has been an emergence of smart multimodal theranostic nanoformulation for triple combination cancer therapy in the last few years, which dramatically enhances the overall safety of the nanoformulation for in vivo and potential clinical applications with minimal toxicity.

Cellular and epigenetic perspective of protein stability and its implications in the biological system.

Protein stability is a fundamental prerequisite in both experimental and therapeutic applications. Current advancements in high throughput experimental techniques and functional ontology approaches have elucidated that impairment in the structure and stability of proteins is intricately associated with the cause and cure of several diseases. Therefore, it is paramount to deeply understand the physical and molecular confounding factors governing the stability of proteins.