Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, kidney injury molecule-1, and periostin: Novel urinary biomarkers in diabetic nephropathy.

Background: Globally, diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the primary cause of chronic kidney disease. Currently, renal function is monitored indirectly using measures of serum creatinine, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and proteinuria. Novel urinary biomarkers utilized in the early stages of DN have been described; these indicators can be used in the early identification of the disease, which is important for initiating treatment to halt or impediment the advance of diabetic nephropathy.

Atypical Distribution of Upper Thoracic Epidural Local Anesthetic: Case Report.

Spread of drugs in the epidural space may be unpredictable. The differential diagnosis of unilateral hemiparesis could be due to the unilateral spread of the drug, spinal epidural hematoma, intraspinal hematoma, and spinal cord injury. Atypical distribution of local anesthetic can occur due to lateral displacement of the epidural catheter, patient positioning, or the presence of an epidural septum.

A comparison of clinical and radiological outcomes following laminectomy and laminectomy with fusion in patients of cervical spondylotic myelopathy: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis comparing the functional and radiological outcomes in cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) when treated by Laminectomy (LC) vs. laminectomy with instrumented fusion (LCF). The systematic review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines.

Outcome of COVID-19 infection in patients on antihypertensives: A cross-sectional study.

Background: Patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection frequently have hypertension as a co-morbidity, which is linked to adverse outcomes. Antihypertensives may affect the outcome of COVID-19 infection.

Aim: To assess the effects of antihypertensive agents on the outcomes of COVID-19 infection.

The Dual Innervation of the Gluteus Maximus Associated with Other Anatomical Variations of the Gluteal Region.

The gluteus maximus (GM) is a big quadrilateral musculature that lines the rear portion of the pelvis. It is innervated by the inferior gluteal nerve. The sciatic nerve, inferior gluteal nerve, and posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh are branches of the sacral plexus.

Assessing the Efficacy of the ARMOR Tool-Based Deprescribing Intervention for Fall Risk Reduction in Older Patients Taking Fall Risk-Increasing Drugs (DeFRID Trial): Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Falls in older patients can lead to serious health complications and increased health care costs. Fall risk-increasing drugs (FRIDs) are a group of drugs that may induce falls or increase the tendency to fall (ie, fall risk). Deprescribing is the process of withdrawal from an inappropriate medication, supervised by a health care professional, with the goal of managing polypharmacy and improving outcomes.

Association of Vitamin D with Risk Factors for Coronary Artery Disease.

Vitamin D safeguards cardiovascular health by reducing inflammation and susceptibility to atheroma. This study aimed to evaluate the association of coronary artery disease (CAD) and its risk factors like body mass index (BMI), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and lipid profile with vitamin D. Patients of both genders aged over 18 years, who underwent coronary angiogram for cardiac symptoms such as chest pain, breathlessness, palpitation, or syncope, were enrolled in the present study.

Vulnerabilities of Prostate Glandular Concretions Considered as Artefacts: A Cross-sectional Biopsy Slide Study.

Objective: There is no clear consensus regarding the contour of prostatic glandular intraluminal concretions. This study enlightens the rational approach toward deciphering the true nature of these concretions and evaluates their role in normal routine histology of the prostate gland.

Methods: Fifty hematoxylin and eosin slides that were prepared from procured transrectal biopsy specimens of normal prostate glands from asymptomatic patients suspected of having a prostatic disease but later found to be normal were retrospectively observed for the staining, contour, and positioning of the aggregated masses or concretions within their prostatic lumina and were then compared with the blood prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels.

Non-gestational choriocarcinoma: unraveling the similarities and distinctions from its gestational counterpart.

Choriocarcinoma is a highly vascular and invasive tumor of anaplastic trophoblast, predominantly made up of cytotrophoblasts and syncytiotrophoblasts without villi. Based on its origin, choriocarcinoma can be either gestational or non-gestational. Non-gestational choriocarcinoma can be of germ cell origin, or can be seen in association with a somatic high-grade malignancy.

Circulating plasma miR-23b-3p as a biomarker target for idiopathic Parkinson's disease: comparison with small extracellular vesicle miRNA.

Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is an increasingly common neurodegenerative condition, which causes movement dysfunction and a broad range of non-motor symptoms. There is no molecular or biochemical diagnosis test for PD. The miRNAs are a class of small non-coding RNAs and are extensively studied owing to their altered expression in pathological states and facile harvesting and analysis techniques.

Solid/trabecular subtype of papillary thyroid carcinoma on cytology with focal differentiated high-grade thyroid carcinoma on histology: a cyto-histologic correlation.

Solid/trabecular subtype of papillary thyroid carcinoma (S/T PTC) is a rare entity that has been shown to have higher tumour recurrence and mortality rates. A definite diagnosis on fine needle aspiration cytology is often not easy. Rather, this entity may be misdiagnosed in cytology due to a lack of widespread features of classic PTC.

Fluorescence-tagged salivary small extracellular vesicles as a nanotool in early diagnosis of Parkinson's disease.

Background: Parkinson's disease is generally asymptomatic at earlier stages. At an early stage, there is an extensive progression in the neuropathological hallmarks, although, at this stage, diagnosis is not possible with currently available diagnostic methods. Therefore, the pressing need is for susceptibility risk biomarkers that can aid in better diagnosis and therapeutics as well can objectively serve to measure the endpoint of disease progression.

Challenges faced by frontline health managers during the implementation of COVID-19 related policies in India: A qualitative analysis.

Background & Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic exposed the strengths and weaknesses of the healthcare systems across the world. Many directives, guidelines and policies for pandemic control were laid down centrally for its implementation; however, its translation at the periphery needs to be analyzed for future planning and implementation of public health activities. Hence, the objectives of this study were to identify the challenges faced by frontline health managers in selected States in India during the pandemic with regard to implementation of the COVID-19-related policies at the district level and also to assess the challenges faced by the them in adapting the centrally laid down COVID-19 guidelines as per the local needs of the district.

Takayasu arteritis, an atypical presentation as chronic kidney disease.

Takayasu arteritis, also known as "pulseless disease" usually affects major vessels like aorta and its branches, pulmonary arteries, and renal arteries. Hypertension is the common presentation. Chronic kidney disease involvement is less common.

Platelet indices as an accouterment for monitoring short-term glycemic levels and as an economical alternative to HbA1c.

Background: India is facing a galloping diabetes epidemic with an estimated 62 million patients and is projected to explode beyond 85 million by the year 2030. There is platelet dysfunction with platelet hyper-reactivity in diabetes mellitus.

Aim: To assess for any correlation between HbA1c levels with various platelet indices like mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW), and platelet large cell ratio (P-LCR).

An Observational Study on Pattern of Empirical Acyclovir Therapy in Children With Acute Encephalitis From Northern India.

Objectives: To identify the prevalence of herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE), factors influencing the duration of empirical acyclovir and frequency of acute kidney injury (AKI) in children with acute encephalitis syndrome (AES).

Design: Prospective observational study.

Setting: Pediatric Emergency Department and PICU of a tertiary hospital in Northern India.