Difficult airway foreign body removal.

Foreign body (FB) aspiration in children is a common emergency. Traditionally, rigid bronchoscopy has been considered to be the mainstay for removal. However, in certain cases, flexible bronchoscopy can prove to be a better option and avoid thoracic surgery and unnecessary morbidity.

Evaluating the role of quantitative computed tomography perfusion parameters in differentiating hepatocellular carcinoma from other hepatic neoplasms.

Background: Differentiating the various liver tumors is pivotal due to distinct treatments and prognoses. Sometimes, it is difficult to accurately differentiate hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) from other hepatic neoplasms non-invasively because of overlap in the triple-phase contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) features, contraindication of an invasive biopsy, particularly in multifocal lesions with cirrhosis or ascites or when an MRI is unavailable or not feasible.

Objectives: To assess the utility of CT perfusion (CTP) parameters in differentiating HCC from other hepatic neoplasms.

Littre's hernia in children.

Meckel's diverticulum is a common congenital anomaly of the gastrointestinal (GI) system, which remains asymptomatic unless some complications occur. Littre's hernia is a rare complication of Meckel's diverticulum, where it herniates into the hernial sac. It is difficult to diagnose this condition preoperatively.

Ectopic Posterior Pituitary and Its Associations with Extrapituitary Intracranial Anomalies.

Posterior pituitary ectopia is a very rare entity in the development of the pituitary gland. Several factors and multiple genes are associated with this entity causing both pituitary and extrapituitary abnormalities. Pituitary abnormalities can be various endocrine problems and extrapituitary abnormalities can be optic nerves and cerebellar hypoplasia, heterotopia, and abnormal vessels.

A Novel Nutraceutical Supplement Lowers Postprandial Glucose and Insulin Levels upon a Carbohydrate-Rich Meal or Sucrose Drink Intake in Healthy Individuals-A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Feeding Study.

Background: Alkaloid- and polyphenol-rich white mulberry leaf and apple peel extracts have been shown to have potential glucose-lowering effects, benefitting the control of postprandial blood glucose levels. This study aimed to determine the effect of the combination of peel and leaf extracts (GLUBLOC) on postprandial blood glucose and insulin-lowering effects in healthy adults after a carbohydrate-rich meal or sucrose drink intake.

Methods: This study was designed as a randomized, crossover, single-blinded clinical trial.

Utilization of Ayurveda, Yoga, Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha, and Homoeopathy (AYUSH) Practitioners' Services Among Older Adults: Results From the Longitudinal Aging Study in India.

Background: Ayurveda, yoga, naturopathy, Unani, Siddha, and homeopathy (AYUSH) form an alternative system of medicine in India. Understanding the utilization of AYUSH practitioners' services is crucial to substantiating the current government initiatives to mainstream AYUSH in the Indian health system. The utilization of AYUSH practitioners' services among different sub-populations, including older adults, for various health conditions is underexplored.

Understanding patient and family experiences of critical care in Bangladesh and India: What are the priority actions to promote person-centred care?

Patients' experiences in the intensive care unit (ICU) can enhance or impair their subsequent recovery. Improving patient and family experiences on the ICU is an important part of providing high quality care. There is little evidence to guide how to do this in a South Asian critical care context.

Acute ischaemic stroke and deep vein thrombosis following snakebite.

Snakebite envenomation remains a neglected tropical public health issue claiming thousands of lives every year. It is a common medical emergency and a threat to the impoverished populations of low-income and middle-income countries including India. A combination of ischaemic stroke and deep vein thrombosis is a devastating duo complication of snake bite, with no literature report to date.

Clinical, Microbiological Profile, and Treatment Response to Intraventricular Antibiotics in the Management of Postneurosurgical Meningitis: A Single-Center Experience.

Background:  Postneurosurgical meningitis (PNM) is a serious medical condition with high mortality and morbidity caused by Gram positive organisms like and Gram-negative organisms like . Optimum concentration of antibiotics in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to treat these infections is difficult to achieve. Intraventricular antibiotic administration bypasses the blood-brain barrier and can achieve high CSF concentration without causing systemic toxicity.

Evidence of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Regarding Human Papilloma Virus Vaccination at the Community Level in India: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background: Effective vaccines for the prevention of cervical cancers are available in India. The existing knowledge and attitude regarding the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine varies widely among available studies. Our study aimed to estimate pooled prevalence related to knowledge, attitude, and practice of HPV vaccination in India.

Congenital midline upper lip sinus in an infant.

Congenital lip sinus is a rare entity with upper lip sinus being rarer than the lower lip sinus. It can be an isolated entity or associated with cleft lip, palate or Van der Woude syndrome. Syndromic association requires proper evaluation and aggressive surgical treatment.

Drug resistant epilepsy and ketogenic diet: A narrative review of mechanisms of action.

Drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) poses a significant global challenge, impacting the well-being of patients. Anti-epileptic drugs often fail to effectively control seizures in individuals with DRE. This condition not only leads to persistent seizures but also induces neurochemical imbalances, elevating the risk of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy and comorbidities.

Post-urethroplasty complications in hypospadias repair: a systematic review and meta-analysis comparing polydioxanone and polyglactin sutures.

Background: Polyglactin (PG) and polydioxanone (PDS) sutures are extensively used based on the surgeon's preference. The development of post-reconstruction urethrocutaneous fistula (UCF) is variably attributed to the choice of suture material for urethroplasty. This meta-analysis compares complications of hypospadias repair using PG and PDS sutures.

Role of contrast-enhanced ultrasound for differentiation of benign vs. malignant portal vein thrombosis in hepatocellular carcinoma - A systematic review a meta-analysis.

Introduction/purpose: Patients with cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) can develop both benign and malignant portal vein thrombosis (PVT). Characterising the nature of PVT is important for planning an optimal therapeutic strategy. In the absence of typical findings or contraindications to computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) could help in this differentiation.

Role of Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4/6 in Metastatic Breast Cancer: Real-World Data From a Tertiary Care Institute in Eastern India.

Introduction CDK4/6 inhibitors currently approved for patients with hormone-receptor-positive (HR+)/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HER2-) metastatic breast cancer include palbociclib, ribociclib, and abemaciclib. This study aims to report on the treatment outcomes and real-world data regarding the use of CDK4/6 inhibitors in the treatment of ER+/HER2- metastatic breast cancer at a tertiary care institute in Eastern India. Materials and methods The present study is a retrospective analysis of data from patients with metastatic HR+/HER2- breast cancer who were treated with CDK4/6 inhibitors at a tertiary care institute in Eastern India between 2015 and 2022.

Endoscopic stapedotomy: A comparison between the conventional approach versus CO laser-assisted surgery.

Background: Although the utility of laser fiber in microscopic stapes surgery has been documented in the past, their role can be highly emphasized in endoscopic stapes surgery, especially in difficult anatomical situations.

Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of cases where a total of 46 patients (22 in conventional stapedotomy and 24 in CO laser-assisted stapedotomy) were included in the study. The clinical parameters were assessed both in the preoperative and postoperative periods in the respective groups and later compared 12 weeks after stapedotomy.