Designing a summative assessment blueprint in community medicine: an expert consensus approach at All India Institute of Medical Sciences.

Background: Despite the increasing integration of competency-based education in medicine, there remains a significant gap in effectively assessing educational outcomes, underscoring the urgent need for designed assessment blueprints that accurately reflect both curriculum content and competency standards in Community Medicine for undergraduate students. This study, conducted across the All-India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) network, develops a summative assessment blueprint aimed at standardizing evaluations in medical education across diverse geographic locations in India.

Methods: Twenty-five experts from 10 All India Institutes of Medical Science were invited via email and contributed for summative assessment for a theory paper.

Stomach and duodenal ulcer as a cause of death in patients with cancer: a cohort study.

Introduction: Non-cancer deaths are now becoming a significant threat to the health of cancer patients. Death from stomach and duodenal ulcer is linked to cancer due to the side effects of treatment and its pathogenesis. However, guidelines for identifying cancer patients at the highest risk of death from stomach and duodenal ulcer remain unclear.

Antral Preserving Versus Antral Resecting Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy for Patients with Severe Obesity: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: This study aimed to compare outcomes following antral preserving (AP) and antral resecting (AR) laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) in terms of weight loss, gastric emptying time, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), resolution of associated medical problems, and complications.

Methods: Patients were prospectively randomized into two groups: the AR group (resection starting 2 cm from the pylorus) and the AP group (resection at 5 cm from the pylorus). Follow-up evaluations included assessments of weight loss using percentage of excess weight loss (%EWL) and percentage of total weight loss (%TWL), gastric emptying, GERD symptoms, associated medical problem resolution, residual gastric volume, and complications.

Safety and Efficacy of Ecopipam in Patients with Tourette Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background And Objectives: Ecopipam is a selective antagonist of the dopamine D1 receptor, and its efficacy and safety have recently been explored in several clinical trials involving patients with Tourette syndrome (TS). The objectives of this systematic review were to determine the pooled estimate for efficacy [in terms of reduction in tic Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS) scores] and safety of oral ecopipam in subjects with TS.

Methods: All clinical trials that explored the efficacy and/or safety of ecopipam in patients with TS were included to determine the pooled estimate for change in YGTSS, Clinical Global Impression (CGI)-TS, and the severity of comorbid attention-deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD), obsessive compulsion disorder (OCD), and depressive symptoms, as well as the nature and frequency of adverse effects.

Socioeconomic and behavioral factors of hypertension among Indian tribal population: Evidence from national family health survey 5.

Background: All Indian ethnic groups are experiencing an upsurge in the prevalence of hypertension. The objective of the present study was to explore the association between socioeconomic and behavioral factors of hypertension among the tribal population of India.

Methods: We used the National Family Health Survey (NFHS) round 5 data conducted in 2019-2021.

Cataract surgical coverage in Indian population aged 50 years and above.

Objectives: The objectives of the study were to obtain the current estimates of cataract surgical coverage (CSC) at varying thresholds of vision and gender variations across districts in diverse Indian populations aged ≥50 years.

Methods: Data collected from the national blindness survey from 31 Indian districts between 2015 and 2019 were analyzed. CSC at varying thresholds of presenting visual acuity <3/60, <6/60, and <6/18 were estimated along with gender variations across districts in population ≥50 years of age.

"Chasing Rainbows" Beyond Kaposi Sarcoma's Dermoscopy: A Mini-Review.

The dermoscopic rainbow pattern (RP), also known as polychromatic pattern, is characterized by a multicolored appearance, resulting from the dispersion of polarized light as it penetrates various tissue components. Its separation into different wavelengths occurs according to the physics principles of scattering, absorption, and interference of light, creating the optical effect of RP. Even though the RP is regarded as a highly specific dermoscopic indicator of Kaposi's sarcoma, in the medical literature, it has also been documented as an atypical dermoscopic finding of other non-Kaposi skin entities.

DEEP LEARNING-BASED FRAMEWORK TO DETERMINE THE DEGREE OF COVID-19 INFECTIONS FROM CHEST X-RAY.

The corona virus disease-19 (COVID-19) epidemic, the whole globe is suffering from a medical condition catastrophe that is unprecedented in scale. As the coronavirus spreads, scientists are worried about offering or helping in the supply of remedies to preserve lives and end the epidemic. Artificial intelligence (AI), for example, has occurred altered to deal with the difficulties raised by pandemics.

Micronutrient status and associated factors of anemia among undernourished children of 5-18 years: First study from Himalayan foothills.

Purpose: Undernutrition in children is a critical worldwide concern that hampers both their physical and cognitive growth. The nutritional status of school-going children and adolescents remains insufficiently addressed with no comprehensive data. This is the first study from the Himalayan foothills that aims to assess the clinical and laboratory aspects of anemia with micronutrient status in undernourished children above the age of five along with association of clinical features with anemia severity.

Correlating symptom severity index, clinical diagnostic criteria of CTS-6 and timed Phalen's test in clinical evaluation of carpal tunnel syndrome.

Background: Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) poses significant diagnostic challenges, especially in resource-limited settings. Reliable tools such as the 6-item Symptom Severity Index, Timed Phalen's Test (TPT) and CTS-6 are promising but under investigated. Correlation between these tools and symptom severity remains underexplored.

A study of clinical profile and outcome of patients with snake bite-induced acute kidney injury.

Background: Snake bite is a well-known occupational hazard amongst farmers, plantation workers, and other outdoor workers and results in much morbidity and mortality throughout the world. The complications related to kidneys are observed in most patients with snake bites admitted to a hospital. The current study aimed to study the renal involvement in patients with snake bites with reference to clinical features and the time of onset of acute renal failure.

Neuropsychiatric complications in chronic kidney disease: Role of gender, clinical, and sociodemographic factors.

Introduction: Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) frequently experience neuropsychiatric conditions, such as depression, anxiety, and cognitive impairment, which not only significantly diminish their quality of life, but also contribute to longer hospitalizations, poor treatment adherence, and increased mortality. This hospital-based cross-sectional study aimed to investigate neuropsychiatric complications in CKD patients, focusing on gender differences, and clinical and other sociodemographic factors.

Materials And Methods: Diagnosis of CKD was based on the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria, and patients aged 18 years or above were included.

Which antidiabetic drugs do patients of T2DM prefer in India and why? A discrete choice experiment.

Background: Uncontrolled diabetes persists despite guideline-based treatment, partly attributed to inadequate patient involvement. This research addresses shared decision-making by eliciting patient preferences in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) treatment based on certain key attributes and explores their correlation with socio-demographic-clinical profiles.

Methods: A discrete choice experiment (DCE) was conducted among T2DM outpatients in an Indian tertiary care center.

The challenges of frontline health managers during the COVID-19 pandemic in India: A framework analysis study.

Background: Coronavirus was first officially reported in Wuhan city of China in December 2019. As this novel coronavirus spread rapidly throughout the world, health care workers faced many difficulties addressing the pandemic. In the present study, we explored the challenges faced by front-line health managers on human resource management, execution of the central policies, and training and in formulating innovative approaches during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in India.

Determinants of malnutrition among adolescent females of age 15-19 years in an urban slum of Raipur city.

Context: Adolescent girls suffer the brunt of malnutrition due to increased nutritional needs to facilitate rapid growth spurt including menstruation and increased physical activity. This vulnerable group has low social power and is subjected to peer and social pressures related to body image and weight. All these factors along with the sociocultural milieu may lead to a spectrum of nutritional problems in them.

Enhancing Anemia Detection With Non-invasive Anemia Detection With AI (NiADA): Insights From Clinical Validations and Physician Observations.

Background Anemia, a critical public health issue, affects nearly two billion people globally. Frequent monitoring of blood hemoglobin levels is essential for managing its burden. While point-of-care testing (POCT) devices facilitate hemoglobin testing in resource-limited settings, most are invasive and have inherent limitations.

ROHHAD NET in Retrospect: Key Lessons Learned from Five Cases.

Objectives: To present cases of rapid onset obesity with hypothalamic dysfunction, hypoventilation, and autonomic dysregulation (ROHHAD) and discuss management insights.

Methods: Case records of patients fulfilling the criteria for ROHHAD and presenting to the Pediatric Endocrinology Division of All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, between July 2019 and June 2024 were reviewed for clinical features, treatments, and outcomes.

Results: Five patients (4 boys, 1 girl) presented at a median age of 4 y (range 3.

Dermoscopy of syphilitic chancre: Report of five cases.

Dermoscopy is a non-invasive tool which helps in the visualization of skin structures and patterns not visible to the naked eye. This study evaluates the effectiveness of dermoscopy in diagnosing primary syphilis, which typically presents as a painless ulcer at the site of inoculation. In this study, dermoscopic patterns such as vascular structures and background colour changes were analyzed in patients with confirmed primary syphilis.

Empowering Caregivers: Addressing Needs During the Hospital-to-Home Transition for Sick Children.

Objective: The primary aim of this study is to identify the needs of caregivers who are primarily responsible for caring for their children during the transition from the hospital.

Methodology: A needs assessment survey was conducted among 30 mothers whose children were admitted to the paediatric medicine ward at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar. The researcher utilized a semi-structured questionnaire alongside unstructured discussions to assess the needs and barriers faced by caregivers during hospital transitions.

Pathology-specific lipid alterations with triacylglycerol as a potential biomarker in Focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) and Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy with Hippocampal Sclerosis (MTLE-HS).

Focal Cortical Dysplasia (FCD) & Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy-Hippocampal Sclerosis (MTLE-HS) are two common pathologies of drug-resistant focal epilepsy (DRE). Inappropriate localization of the epileptogenic zones (EZs) in FCD is a significant contributing factor to the unsatisfactory surgical results observed in FCD cases. Currently, no molecular or cellular indicators are available which can aid in identifying the epileptogenic zones (EZs) in FCD.

Integrative metabolomic-proteomic analysis uncovers a new therapeutic approach in targeting rheumatoid arthritis.

Objective: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory condition that, despite available approaches to manage the disease, lacks an efficient treatment and timely diagnosis. Using the most advanced omics technique, metabolomics and proteomics approach, we explored varied metabolites and proteins to identify unique metabolite-protein signatures involved in the disease pathogenesis of RA.

Methods: Untargeted metabolomics (n = 20) and proteomics (n = 60) of RA patients' plasma were carried out by HPLC/LC-MS/MS and SWATH, respectively and analyzed by Metaboanalyst.