Prevention of Delirium in the Intensive Care Unit through Nonpharmacological Interventions: An Umbrella Review.

Introduction: Delirium is a syndrome commonly seen in intensive care unit (ICU) patients. It is characterized by acute changes in mental status, inattention, disorganized thinking, and altered level of consciousness. Due to its higher prevalence in mechanically ventilated ICU patients, it is crucial to recognize it early and implement standardized evidence-based protocols for preventing it in regular practice.

Association of Glycemic Variability with Outcomes in Non-diabetic Sepsis Patients: A Prospective Observational Study.

Background: Glycemic variability (GV) is the third domain of sepsis-induced dysglycemia, after hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia, potentially leading to adverse outcomes. This study analyzed the association of GV with in-hospital mortality and length of stay (LOS) in non-diabetic sepsis patients.

Materials And Methods: In this prospective observational study, non-diabetic sepsis patients were followed till day 14 of hospital stay, and blood glucose levels were assessed by finger-prick method (seven times per day) daily; clinico-laboratory and GV parameters [standard deviation (SD), coefficient of variation (CV), mean amplitude of glycemic excursion (MAGE)] were assessed on days 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, and 14 of admission.

Effect of isotonic sodium bicarbonate infusion on perioperative acid-base status among patients undergoing emergency laparotomy for perforation peritonitis (ISABEL trial): a randomized controlled trial.

Purpose: Perioperative metabolic acidosis negatively affects patient outcomes. Perioperative fluid therapy has a clinically significant effect on acid-base balance. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of isotonic sodium bicarbonate infusion (ISB) versus balanced crystalloid solution (BCS) on perioperative acid-base balance, in terms of postoperative base excess, among patients undergoing emergency laparotomy for perforation peritonitis.

A finite element analysis to assess tibial bone fracture in malleolar regions following total ankle replacement: Influences of implant designs and implant-bone interfacial conditions.

Background: Tibial bone fractures in the malleolar regions are a major concern during the early postoperative period of total ankle replacement (TAR), affecting patient outcomes such as stability and recovery. Design, placement, and anatomic misalignment of implant components can contribute to malleolar fractures. The aim of this study is to understand the influence of implant design features, including keel, peg, stem, and bar type design, and bone-implant interfacial conditions on malleolar fracture following TAR.

Accumulation of autophagosomes in aging human photoreceptor cell synapses.

Autophagy is common in the aging retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). A dysfunctional autophagy in aged RPE is implicated in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration. Aging human retina accompanies degenerative changes in photoreceptor mitochondria.

Effectiveness of a Neurocritical Care Course with Problem-Based Learning and Discussion Format in Asia.

Numerous barriers hinder the effective delivery of neurologic care as well as the education of health care professionals in the low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). This study assessed the knowledge of the participants after Comprehensive Neurocritical Care Course (CN3C) in the LMICs. Data from 177 participants were collected and analyzed.

Prevalence and demographic distribution of anaemia among those visiting a teaching hospital located in tribal predominant block of Jharkhand: Retrospective record based analysis.

Background: Anaemia is a major public health concern in developing countries, with cases increasing rapidly among women, young girls, and children under age 5.

Aims: This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of anaemia and to identify the age and gender distribution of anaemia among those attending IPD/OPD of a teaching hospital located in the tribal block.

Methodology: The study was conducted at a multispecialty tertiary care hospital in tribal predominant area, Jharkhand, India.

Influence of perceived impostorism on self-esteem and anxiety among University Nursing Students: Recommendations to implement mentorship program.

Background: The imposter phenomenon (IP) involves feelings of intellectual fraudulence and phoniness in challenging new roles. IP feelings are associated with low self-esteem and anxiety in nursing students, especially during transition or early stages of nursing training. This research aims to find out the prevalence of IP and its relation with self-esteem and anxiety among nursing undergraduates.

Ensuring safe and effective pharmacotherapy: The role of "community pharmacology" in attaining "health for all" from the Indian perspective.

The novel approach of "Community Pharmacology" integrates pharmacological principles with community health to achieve the "Health for all" goal through safe and efficient health care. Pharmacovigilance, medication errors (ME), irrational prescriptions, and antimicrobial resistance in the community could be the key areas. Though life expectancy and other health indicators have improved in India, the disparity between rural and urban quality healthcare access should be addressed.

A new guide for basic psychological support for persons affected by neglected tropical diseases: A peer support tool suitable for persons with a diagnosis of leprosy and lymphatic filariasis.

Background: People with disabilities due to neglected tropical diseases (NTDs), such as leprosy and lymphatic filariasis (LF), often encounter situations of stigma and discrimination that significantly impact their mental wellbeing. Mental wellbeing services are often not available at the peripheral level in NTD-endemic countries, and there is a need for such services. Basic psychological support for persons with NTDs (BPS-N) from peers is an important potential solution for addressing mental wellbeing problems.

Increase in comorbidities with age among patients with psoriatic arthritis: a multicenter observational study.

Background: Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) significantly contributes to increased morbidity, reduced life expectancy, and higher healthcare costs due to the burden of comorbidities. This study assessed the prevalence of comorbidities in PsA patients in India and explored the influence of age and disease duration on these comorbidities.

Methods: The prospective, multicenter observational study was conducted across seven centers in India, utilizing data from the Indian Rheumatology Association.

Clinical Features and Outcomes of Patients With COVID-19 Infection and Acute Kidney Injury Requiring Hemodialysis in an Intensive Care Unit: A Retrospective Study From a Tertiary Care Center in Eastern India.

Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, it has been observed that acute kidney injury (AKI) especially requiring intervention support of hemodialysis has notably increased mortality rates among COVID-19-positive critically ill patients; however, comprehensive data regarding this from India, especially the eastern territory, remains sparse. This study aims to outline the demographic, clinical, and biochemical characteristics, along with the outcomes, of these patients.

Methods: A retrospective study was performed at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Patna, from March 1, 2020, to March 31, 2021.

Impact of Body Mass Index and Anthropometric Measures on Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Non-obese Adult Males: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study.

Introduction Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is a key health indicator for assessing optimal physical function and overall well-being. Exploring the early impact of body mass index (BMI) and anthropometric measures on CRF in non-obese individuals is essential for identifying risk factors and guiding preventive strategies to address weight-related health challenges. This study aims to investigate the impact of BMI and anthropometric measures on CRF, focusing on maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) and metabolic equivalents (METs) in non-obese adult males.

Defining the caudal limits of the endoscopic endonasal approach to the craniovertebral junction: anatomic study correlating radiographic measures.

Objective: The endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA), has become the preferred alternative to traditional open and transoral approaches to the ventral craniovertebral junction (CVJ) region. However, preoperative prediction of the limitations of caudal reach remains challenging. This cadaveric study aimed to quantify the CVJ area of exposure and access afforded by the EEA, evaluate the accuracy of previously described radiographic anthropometric lines, and identify the lowest limit of the EEA corridor.

mHealth-based intervention by community workers to support family caregivers of persons with dementia living at home: study protocol for a cluster randomised controlled trial.

Background: India is undergoing a significant demographic shift with a growing older population, leading to an anticipated increase in people with dementia. Family caregivers, who are predominantly informal, carry the burden of care within households, facing numerous challenges that impact their well-being. Despite the cultural emphasis on family support, there is a lack of targeted interventions for caregivers in India.

Prevalence of Mutations in Patients With Resected Stage I to III Nonsquamous Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Results of India Cohort.

Purpose: The spectrum of is inadequately researched in patients with early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in India. EARLY-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) India (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04742192), as part of a noninterventional, real-world global study, evaluated the prevalence of mutations in early-stage NSCLC in India.

Chondrosarcoma proximal tibia secondary to chondromyxoid fibroma: A rare case report.

Introduction: Benign cartilage tumours with malignant transformation are reported very few. Aiming to report a secondary chondrosarcoma in proximal tibia after chondromyxoid fibroma: a rare entity with limited experience of management.

Case Presentation: we present a challenging case of secondary chondrosarcoma of proximal tibia in surgically managed chondromyxoid fibroma.

Unravelling a new focus of spotted fever rickettsioses as causative agents of acute undifferentiated febrile illness in Odisha, a state in eastern coastal India.

Spotted fever group Rickettsia (SFGR) infections remain largely under-investigated as causative agents of acute undifferentiated febrile illness (AUFI) in resource-limited settings. Few studies are available on the prevalence of SFGR infections in India, especially in eastern India. In a cross-sectional study conducted in 192 hospitalized adult and paediatric patients with AUFI, the frequency of SFGR using sequential PCR targeting genes encoding citrate synthase (gltA), 17 kDa lipoprotein precursor antigen (17kDa), outer membrane proteins A and B (omp A & omp B) was 6.

Association Between Serum Antinuclear Antibody and Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome in Reproductive Women Aged 18 to 35 Years: A Quest for an Autoimmune Marker.

Introduction: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogeneous endocrinal physiological disorder characterized by chronic oligo-ovulation or an-ovulation, hyperandrogenism, and polycystic morphology in ovaries on transvaginal or abdominal ultrasound. Hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance are already well-documented pathophysiological mechanisms in PCOS. Besides this, autoimmunity has been hypothesized in its pathogenesis.