Oxidative Reductive Stress in Breast Cancer Development and Cellular Mechanism of Alleviation: A Current Perspective with Anti-breast Cancer Drug Resistance.

Redox homeostasis is essential for keeping our bodies healthy, but it also helps breast cancer cells grow, stay alive, and resist treatment. Changes in the redox balance and problems with redox signaling can make breast cancer cells grow and spread and make them resistant to chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Reactive oxygen species/reactive nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) generation and the oxidant defense system are out of equilibrium, which causes oxidative stress.

An overview of radiolabeled amino acid tracers in oncologic imaging.

Molecular imaging has witnessed a great progress in the field of oncology over the past few decades. Radiolabeled amino acid (AA) tracers are particularly helpful in the areas where the utility of 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography with computed tomography imaging has been limited such as in evaluating brain tumors, neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), and prostate cancer. Radiolabeled AA tracers such as 6-[18F]-L-fluoro-L-3, 4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (18F-FDOPA), 18F-fluoro-ethyl-tyrosine (18F-FET), and 11C-methionine have found wide applications in brain tumors, which, unlike 18F-FDG, concentrate in the tumor tissue to a greater extent than that in normal brain tissue by providing accurate information about tumor volume and boundaries.

Optical coherence tomography-based assessment of macular vessel density, retinal layer metrics and sub-foveal choroidal thickness in COVID-19 recovered patients.

Purpose: The primary objective of the study was to assess the macular retinal vessel density, subfoveal choroidal thickness, and retinal layer metrics by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA), enhanced-depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT), and spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), respectively, in recovered COVID-19 patients and its comparison with the same in control subjects. The secondary objective was to evaluate differences in OCTA parameters in relation with the severity of COVID-19 disease and administration of corticosteroids.

Methods: A case-control study was performed that included patients who had recovered from COVID-19 and age-matched healthy controls.

Relapse prediction in schizophrenia with smartphone digital phenotyping during COVID-19: a prospective, three-site, two-country, longitudinal study.

Smartphone technology provides us with a more convenient and less intrusive method of detecting changes in behavior and symptoms that typically precede schizophrenia relapse. To take advantage of the aforementioned, this study examines the feasibility of predicting schizophrenia relapse by identifying statistically significant anomalies in patient data gathered through mindLAMP, an open-source smartphone app. Participants, recruited in Boston, MA in the United States, and Bangalore and Bhopal in India, were invited to use mindLAMP for up to a year.

Diagnostic Performance of Multiplex PCR for Detection of Complex in Presumptive Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients and Its Utility in Smear Negative Specimens.

 The primary objective of this study was to assess the diagnostic performance of multiplex polymerase chain reaction (mPCR) for the detection of complex (MTBC) in presumptive pulmonary TB patients, in the setting of a tertiary level teaching hospital in central India, in comparison to liquid culture using BACTEC mycobacteria growth indicator tubes (MGIT) 960 TB system as the gold standard. The secondary objective was to assess the performance of mPCR for Ziehl Neelsen smear negative samples and ascertain the utility of this assay in smear negative samples.  Sputum or bronchoalveolar lavage samples were collected from patients who were adults, aged 18 years or older, presenting with presumptive pulmonary TB, and subjected to three microbiological investigations, that is, Ziehl Neelsen staining, mycobacterial culture using mycobacterial growth indicator tubes in the BD BACTEC MGIT 960 instrument, and the mPCR.

Smartphone digital phenotyping, surveys, and cognitive assessments for global mental health: Initial data and clinical correlations from an international first episode psychosis study.

Objective: To examine feasibility and acceptability of smartphone mental health app use for symptom, cognitive, and digital phenotyping monitoring among people with schizophrenia in India and the United States.

Methods: Participants in Boston, USA and Bhopal and Bangalore, India used a smartphone app to monitor symptoms, play cognitive games, access relaxation and psychoeducation resources and for one month, with an initial clinical and cognitive assessment and a one-month follow-up clinical assessment. Engagement with the app was compared between study sites, by clinical symptom severity and by cognitive functioning.

Case-based learning: A 'Case' for restructuring anatomy education in Indian nursing curriculum.

Background: Teaching anatomy in a clinical context can aid students in appreciating how the subject will apply to their future career as nurses as well as in other administrative roles. Anatomy is voluminous, making it difficult to retain the factual information in the long run; therefore, this study primarily focuses on whether case-based learning (CBL) with integrated anatomy learning can help in retention of the information over short as well as long spans of time. It also focuses on how profitable would the students be with this different style of learning, and whether it can facilitate in better understanding of the basic and clinical concepts.

Efficacy and Safety of Thrombolysis in COVID-19 Related ARDS.

Introduction: COVID-19 causes significant pulmonary microthrombi in some individuals, leading to ARDS and death. Thrombolysis could be an effective approach in some patients with severe ARDS. We describe our experience with the usage of thrombolytic agents in critically ill COVID-19 patients who were in worsening respiratory failure.

Determining the optimum cut-off IgM/ IgG ratio for predicting secondary dengue infections: An observational hospital based study from Central India.

Purpose: The present study was conducted to determine an optimum cut-off IgM/IgG ratio for differentiating between primary and secondary Dengue. The calculated cut-off was used to estimate the relative prevalence of primary and secondary Dengue in central India during the 2021 outbreak.

Methods: To differentiate between primary and secondary Dengue, optimum cut-off IgM/IgG ratio was determined using ROC curve analysis and Area under the curve (AUC) was calculated.

Awake Prone-Positioning in Patients on Non-Invasive Ventilation for Management of SARS-CoV-2 Pneumonia: A Systematic Review.

Introduction: Patients with corona virus disease-19 (COVID-19)-induced acute hypoxemic respiratory failure (AHRF) are often on non-invasive ventilation (NIV) and use of awake prone positioning (PP) may pose concern in terms of feasibility, efficacy and side effects. This systematic review was undertaken to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of awake PP along with NIV in them.

Materials And Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted from the inception of COVID-19 until 15 August 2021.

Mutations of PHOX2B Gene in Patients of Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome in Central India.

 Paired-like homeobox 2B (PHOX2B) gene on chromosome 4p12 codes for a transcription factor having a role in the formation of noradrenergic neuronal circuits. Its mutations have been linked to congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS). The clinical presentation of both, obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS) and CCHS in adults (named late-onset central hypoventilation syndrome), is quite similar.

Mental Health Prevention and Promotion-A Narrative Review.

Extant literature has established the effectiveness of various mental health promotion and prevention strategies, including novel interventions. However, comprehensive literature encompassing all these aspects and challenges and opportunities in implementing such interventions in different settings is still lacking. Therefore, in the current review, we aimed to synthesize existing literature on various mental health promotion and prevention interventions and their effectiveness.

Sociodemographic Determinants of Willingness and Extent to Pay for COVID-19 Vaccine in India.

Background: Responding to the fast transmission rates and increasing fatality rates, countries across the world expedited the development and deployment of the vaccine for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Evaluation of individuals' willingness to pay (WTP) would provide pertinent information regarding future demand and financing preferences, which shall help to devise the effective payment strategy for COVID-19 vaccination.

Methods: A nationwide, cross-sectional, and self-administered online survey using a structured questionnaire was conducted to identify the sociodemographic determinants of willingness and extent to pay for COVID-19 vaccine in India.

urinary tract infection in a newly diagnosed AIDS patient on antitubercular treatment.

is a well-known pathogen in salmonid fishes. It was believed to be non-pathogenic to humans because of inability to grow at 37°C. Here we present a case of a woman in her 20s who was diagnosed with abdominal tuberculosis 6 months previously but had not been compliant with the treatment.

Physiological Hazard Assessment While Wielding Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Among Health Care Workers.

Introduction Accurate use of personal protective equipment (PPE) is an essential part of infection prevention and control measures to protect health care workers and patients from various hazardous conditions. Health care workers caring for patients with potentially infectious health conditions are using PPE for long periods of time. However, long-term use of PPE can cause many physiological health hazards among health care workers.

Altering Landscape of Cancer Vaccines: Unique Platforms, Research on Therapeutic Applications and Recent Patents.

Recent developments in several areas are rekindling interest and empowering progress in improving therapeutic cancer vaccines. These advances have been made in target selection, vaccine technology, and approaches for reversing the immunosuppressive mechanisms exploited by cancers. Studies on diverse tumor antigens have revealed target properties, including high cell specificity and adequate immunogenicity, to affect clinical efficiency.

Interaction Among Noncoding RNAs, DNA Damage Reactions, and Genomic Instability in the Hypoxic Tumor: Is it Therapeutically Exploitable Practice?

Hypoxia is a classical function of the tumor's microenvironment with a substantial effect on the development and therapeutic response of cancer. When put in hypoxic environments, cells undergo several biological reactions, including activation of signaling pathways that control proliferation, angiogenesis, and death. These pathways have been adapted by cancer cells to allow tumors to survive and even develop in hypoxic conditions, and poor prognosis is associated with tumor hypoxia.

Therapeutic opportunities in cancer therapy: targeting the p53-MDM2/MDMX interactions.

Ubiquitination is a key enzymatic post-translational modification that influences p53 stability and function. p53 protein regulates the expression of MDM2 (mouse double-minute 2 protein) E3 ligase and MDMX (double-minute 4 protein), through proteasome-based degradation. Exploration of targeting the ubiquitination pathway offers a potentially promising strategy for precision therapy in a variety of cancers.

Starring Role of Biomarkers and Anticancer Agents as a Major Driver in Precision Medicine of Cancer Therapy.

Precision medicine is the most modern contemporary medicine approach today, based on great amount of data on people's health, individual characteristics, and life circumstances, and employs the most effective ways to prevent and cure diseases. Precision medicine in cancer is the most precise and viable treatment for every cancer patient based on the disease's genetic profile. Precision medicine changes the standard one size fits all medication model, which focuses on average responses to care.

First complete genome characterization of duck plague virus from India.

In this study, we report the complete genome sequencing of the Duck plague virus from India for the first time. The sequencing was done on the MinION nanopore sequencer from Oxford Nanopore Technologies. The closest relative is the European strain 2085v, with 99.