Pediatric penile anthropometry nomogram: Establishing standardized reference values.

Unlabelled: Anthropometry of the penis holds significant cultural and clinical importance, reflecting male genital development and aiding in the early identification of abnormalities.

Objectives: To develop an age-related penile length nomogram for Indian children, to define a range of normalcy, and to develop age-matched controls for penile length assessment in managing conditions like hypospadias.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional study (Design) initiated post-Institute Ethics Committee clearance (Ethics) based on 1276 volunteers (boys) aged 1-14 years (Participants) presenting to a pediatric surgery clinic (Setting) for conditions not affecting penile length.

Definitions, etiopathogenesis and epidemiology of ALF.

Acute liver failure (ALF) is a rare but preventable cause of acute hepatic dysfunction which is associated with significant mortality, unless treated appropriately. There are significant regional variations in the etiologies of ALF globally and this determines the outcomes of the disease as well as the long-term survival in patients receiving liver transplantation for management. Improvements in understanding of disease pathophysiology and critical care medicine have led to better outcomes over the last few decades.

Efficacy of quality improvement interventions on antibiotic prescription practices for ventilator-associated pneumonia at a tertiary care centre: a prospective pre-post interventional study.

Background: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a prevalent nosocomial infection in the intensive care unit (ICU), significantly increasing patient morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. Effective management is essential, particularly in the context of antimicrobial resistance and the frequent use of antibiotics in ICUs.

Methods: This prospective pre-post interventional study was conducted in the medical ICU of a tertiary care centre, over 6 months.

Comparison of the analgesic efficacy of intra-articular steroid injections and its combination with suprascapular nerve block for adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder joint: a randomized clinical trial.

Background: Adhesive capsulitis is a distressing ailment that progressively limits the active and passive mobility of the shoulder joint. Physical therapy (PT) combined with intra-articular steroid (IAS) injection and suprascapular nerve block (SSNB) has shown improved functional outcomes. We aimed to assess whether providing both IAS injection and SSNB improved outcomes compared with IAS injection alone.

Transdermal Buprenorphine Patch in the Management of Postoperative Acute Pain Following Mandibular Resection and Reconstruction.

Background: Transdermal buprenorphine is used for the management of postoperative pain. Its effectiveness for the postoperative pain management following mandibular resection and reconstruction has yet to be evaluated.

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of transdermal buprenorphine patch (TBP) in managing postoperative pain after mandibular resection and reconstruction with anterior iliac crest graft.

Learning Curve for Dynamic Navigation Procedure During Endodontic Management of Permanent Maxillary Anterior Teeth with Pulp Canal Calcification: A Risk-Adjusted Cumulative Summation (RA-CUSUM) Analysis of a Single Operator's Experience.

Introduction: The dynamic navigation system (DNS) in endodontics presents a significant learning curve. This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the number of cases required to achieve consistent performance in DNS-assisted treatment of maxillary anterior teeth with pulp canal calcification.

Methods: A series of DNS procedures were performed on 45 calcified maxillary anterior teeth with pulp necrosis by a single endodontist who had no prior clinical DNS experience.

Audit for antifungal treatment usage in adults with invasive fungal infection: A prospective observational study.

Objective: The antifungal audit aimed to evaluate antifungal usage in a tertiary care center. It focused on patient profiles, the appropriateness of antifungal use, associated adverse drug reactions, reasons for suboptimal usage, and the economic burden caused by prolonged non-optimal antifungal use.

Method: ology: Conducted at All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India from January 2019 to December 2020, the study evaluated systemic antifungal use in 100 hospitalized adults with invasive fungal infections.

Deciphering the structural and biochemical aspects of xylosidase from Pseudopedobacter saltans.

Xylose, a key constituent of the heterogeneous hemicellulose polymer, occurs in lignocellulosic biomass and forms xylan polymers through β-1,4 glycosidic linkages. The β-1,4-xylosidase enzyme was isolated from Pseudopedobacter saltans (PsGH43) to find an effective enzyme with enhanced activity to depolymerize xylo-oligosaccharides. β-1,4-xylosidase belongs to the GH43 family as classified in the Carbohydrate-Active Enzyme Database (CAZy).

Development of Multimodal Training Tool for Preterm Infant Care.

Objectives: Comprehensive packages for training healthcare professionals who care for premature newborns are scarce. AIIMS WHO CC, New Delhi, partnered with India Association of Neonatal Nurses (IANN) and National Neonatology Forum (NNF) and 35 national leaders in the field of newborn care to develop a multimodal educational package for preterm infants.

Methods: Findings from evaluation of four representative special newborn care units in the state of Madhya Pradesh informed the content of the package.

Disruption of Molecular Interactions between the G3BP1 Stress Granule Host Protein and the Nucleocapsid (NTD-N) Protein Impedes SARS-CoV-2 Virus Replication.

The Ras GTPase-activating protein SH3-domain-binding protein 1 (G3BP1) serves as a formidable barrier to viral replication by generating stress granules (SGs) in response to viral infections. Interestingly, viruses, including SARS-CoV-2, have evolved defensive mechanisms to hijack SG proteins like G3BP1 for the dissipation of SGs that lead to the evasion of the host's immune responses. Previous research has demonstrated that the interaction between the NTF2-like domain of G3BP1 (G3BP1) and the intrinsically disordered N-terminal domain (NTD-N) of the N-protein plays a crucial role in regulating viral replication and pathogenicity.

Prevalence and Pattern of Traumatic Dental Injuries in Children and Adolescents With Severe to Profound Hearing Impairment: A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study.

Background/aim: Traumatic Dental Injuries (TDIs) are an emerging public health problem and a realm of research for oral health enthusiasts. Certain populations can be more vulnerable to injuries such as those with a sensory deficit. Nevertheless, literature is scarce, especially for those with hearing impairment.

Genetic and allelic heterogeneity in 248 Indians with skeletal dysplasia.

Skeletal dysplasias are a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of rare disorders. Studies from large cohorts are essential to provide insights into the disease epidemiology, phenotypic spectrum, and mutational profiles. Here we enumerate additional 248 Indians from 197 families with a skeletal dysplasia, following a similar study earlier.

Modified Atkins Diet versus low glycemic index treatment in children with drug-resistant epilepsy: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: Both the Modified Atkins Diet (MAD) and Low Glycemic Index Treatment(LGIT) are considered less restrictive than the ketogenic diet and effective in children with drug-resistant epilepsy(DRE). Several randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have compared these two diets.

Methods: All RCTs directly comparing MAD and LGIT for DRE were included in the review.

Enhancing lung transplantation with ECMO: a comprehensive review of mechanisms, outcomes, and future considerations.

Background: Lung transplantation (LTx) is a critical intervention for patients with end-stage lung disease. However, challenges such as donor organ scarcity and post-transplant complications significantly affect its success. Recent advancements in Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) have shown promise in improving the outcomes and expanding eligibility for LTx.

Histopathological changes in various organs in electrocution deaths.

Death due to electrical injuries are a major health concern and has a high rate of morbidity and mortality. Electrocution death is defined as that occurring due to passage of electric current inside the body and is obviously a form of unnatural death. The cause includes ventricular fibrillation, paralysis of respiratory muscles and the central respiratory centre.

Predictors of Functional Outcomes of Nonoperatively Treated Extra-articular Distal End Radius Fractures in Older Individuals: A Prospective Clinical Study.

Background: Distal radius fractures (DRFs) are some of the most common injuries suffered by the elderly; however, there are varied opinions on management. As there is limited research on patient factors affecting functional outcomes in conservatively managed patients with DRFs, this study aimed to find predictive factors for functional outcomes in such patients.

Methods: Patients with DRFs satisfying the inclusion criteria were managed with closed reduction and slab followed by cast application.

Success rate and factors affecting stability of infrazygomatic miniscrew implants: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: The infrazygomatic miniscrew implants (IZC-MSI) serve as innovative temporary anchorage devices placed parallel to the roots of molars in the infrazygomatic crest region, leveraging their extra-radicular location to support the en masse distalization and intrusion of the maxillary dentition. The efficacy and stability of these screws are crucial for their application in contemporary orthodontic practices.

Objectives: This systematic review aimed to estimate the success rate and factors affecting the stability of IZC-MSI.

Effectiveness of educational training program on the knowledge of COTPA Act among the nonteaching staff of a tertiary care hospital.

Background: Globally, tobacco is among the leading factors attributable to death. The nonteaching staff plays a pivotal role in making a campus a "tobacco-free zone." The objective of the study is to assess the effectiveness of an educational training program conducted on the Cigarette and Other Tobacco Products Act (COTPA) 2003 among nonteaching staff of a tertiary care hospital.

Optimization of Binding Buffer Composition (Polyethylene Glycol, Sodium Chloride and pH) for Extraction of DNA from Biological Fluids Using Polyethyleneimine Functionalized Iron Oxide Nanoparticle-Based Method.

Introduction: Efficient extraction of DNA from biological fluids is crucial for applications in molecular biology, forensic science, and clinical diagnostics. However, traditional DNA extraction methods often require costly reagents and lengthy procedures. This study aims to optimize the binding buffer composition for DNA extraction using polyethyleneimine-coated iron oxide nanoparticles (PEI-IONPs), which offer the dual benefits of magnetic separation and high DNA-binding efficiency.

Epilepsia partialis continua in a child with disseminated tuberculosis: a case report and review of literature.

Tuberculosis can present myriad manifestations, affecting multiple organ systems. Common central nervous system (CNS) manifestations include vomiting, headache, blurred vision, neck stiffness, altered sensorium, seizures, and focal neurological deficits. Epilepsia partialis continua (EPC) is a rare manifestation of CNS tuberculosis.

Immune-checkpoint HLA-G gene polymorphisms, 3'-UTR types and their association with hepatocellular carcinoma and treatment response in Indian population.

Background: Human leukocyte antigen-G (HLA-G) is a cancer-associated immune checkpoint protein implicated in tumor-driven immune escape mechanisms. This study was undertaken to determine genetic variations at the 3'-UTR of the HLA-G gene that may alter its expression, identify risk alleles and genotypes for their association with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and treatment responses in the Indian population.

Objectives: Case-control genetic association study of HLA-G gene UTR polymorphisms with HCC and response to locoregional therapy (LRT).

Transduction of Human Fetal Liver Hematopoietic CD34+ Stem and Progenitor Cells into a Cell Line by Enhancing Telomerase Activity.

: Human fetal liver hematopoietic stem cells have proven potential as therapeutics but lack extensive research due to their limited supply. Even expanded fetal liver hematopoietic stem cells enter senescence or lose their self-renewal capacity after a few days in culture. The present study aimed to obtain a homogeneous and persistent supply of hematopoietic stem cells from the fetal liver by establishing a cell line through immortalization of cells by enhancing telomerase activity.

Exploring Tractography: An Analysis of Brain Connectivity Patterns in Men.

Introduction:  White matter tracts that connect different parts of the brain comprise the structural connectome, which is essential to its operation. Assessing behavioral changes and brain health requires an understanding of these tracts. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), in particular, allows for the thorough viewing and characterization of these routes in tractography.