Dataset on extreme thunderstorm ground enhancements registered on Aragats in 2023.

To advance high-energy atmospheric physics, studying atmospheric electric fields (AEF) and cosmic ray fluxes as an interconnected system is crucial. At Mt. Argats, simultaneous measurements of particle fluxes, electric fields, weather conditions, and lightning locations have significantly enhanced the validation of models that describe the charge structures of thunderclouds and the mechanics of internal electron accelerators.

The causes of the abrupt enhancement of the natural gamma radiation in the thunderous atmosphere on the mountain tops.

The study presented the relationship between sudden Natural Gamma Radiation (NGR) increases related to enhanced atmospheric electric fields. We pinpoint Thunderstorm Ground Enhancements (TGEs) as the primary source of abrupt and significant NGR spikes. These TGEs, which are transient, several-minute-long increases in elementary particle fluxes, originate from natural electron accelerators within thunderclouds.

Coevolution of reproducers and replicators at the origin of life and the conditions for the origin of genomes.

There are two fundamentally distinct but inextricably linked types of biological evolutionary units, reproducers and replicators. Reproducers are cells and organelles that reproduce via various forms of division and maintain the physical continuity of compartments and their content. Replicators are genetic elements (GE), including genomes of cellular organisms and various autonomous elements, that both cooperate with reproducers and rely on the latter for replication.

Main radiation pathways in the landscape of Armenia.

Purpose: To investigate sources, accumulation, and vertical migration of radionuclides in Armenia, and their impact on biota.

Conclusions: This review describes the radiation status in the landscape of Armenia and features of the impact of natural and human-generated radiation on human and non-human biotas, according to studies of Armenian scientists carried out since the middle of the last century. The mountain landscape demonstrates the diversity, speciation, and radioresistance of the biota, which arise under radiation exposure in a variable environment.

Modeling and mechanical perturbations reveal how spatially regulated anchorage gives rise to spatially distinct mechanics across the mammalian spindle.

During cell division, the spindle generates force to move chromosomes. In mammals, microtubule bundles called kinetochore-fibers (k-fibers) attach to and segregate chromosomes. To do so, k-fibers must be robustly anchored to the dynamic spindle.

Nonequilibrium, weak-field-induced cyclotron motion: A mechanism for magnetobiology.

There is a long-time quest for understanding physical mechanisms of weak magnetic field interaction with biological matter. Two factors impeded the development of such mechanisms: first, a high (room) temperature of a cellular environment, where a weak, static magnetic field induces a (classically) zero equilibrium response. Second, the friction in the cellular environment is large, preventing a weak field to alter nonequilibrium processes such as a free diffusion of charges.

Work Extraction from Fluid Flow: The Analog of Carnot's Efficiency.

Aiming to explore physical limits of wind turbines, we develop a model for determining the work extractable from a compressible fluid flow. The model employs conservation of mass, energy, and entropy and leads to a universal bound for the efficiency of the work extractable from kinetic energy. The bound is reached for a sufficiently slow, weakly forced quasi-one-dimensional, dissipationless flow.