Cardiovascular Complications of Pan-Cancer Therapies: The Need for Cardio-Oncology.

It is more likely that a long-term survivor will have both cardiovascular disease and cancer on account of the progress in cancer therapy. Cardiotoxicity is a well-recognized and highly concerning adverse effect of cancer therapies. This side effect can manifest in a proportion of cancer patients and may lead to the discontinuation of potentially life-saving anticancer treatment regimens.

The Important Role of Transporter Structures in Drug Disposition, Efficacy, and Toxicity.

The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) and solute carrier (SLC) transporters are critical determinants of drug disposition, clinical efficacy, and toxicity as they specifically mediate the influx and efflux of various substrates and drugs. ABC transporters can modulate the pharmacokinetics of many drugs via mediating the translocation of drugs across biologic membranes. SLC transporters are important drug targets involved in the uptake of a broad range of compounds across the membrane.

Unraveling the Drivers of Tumorigenesis in the Context of Evolution: Theoretical Models and Bioinformatics Tools.

Cancer originates from somatic cells that have accumulated mutations. These mutations alter the phenotype of the cells, allowing them to escape homeostatic regulation that maintains normal cell numbers. The emergence of malignancies is an evolutionary process in which the random accumulation of somatic mutations and sequential selection of dominant clones cause cancer cells to proliferate.

State-of-the-art Application of Artificial Intelligence to Transporter-centered Functional and Pharmaceutical Research.

Protein transporters not only have essential functions in regulating the transport of endogenous substrates and remote communication between organs and organisms, but they also play a vital role in drug absorption, distribution, and excretion and are recognized as major determinants of drug safety and efficacy. Understanding transporter function is important for drug development and clarifying disease mechanisms. However, the experimental-based functional research on transporters has been challenged and hinged by the expensive cost of time and resources.

RNAincoder: a deep learning-based encoder for RNA and RNA-associated interaction.

Ribonucleic acids (RNAs) involve in various physiological/pathological processes by interacting with proteins, compounds, and other RNAs. A variety of powerful computational methods have been developed to predict such valuable interactions. However, all these methods rely heavily on the 'digitalization' (also known as 'encoding') of RNA-associated interacting pairs into a computer-recognizable descriptor.

Multilineage commitment of Sca-1 cells in reshaping vein grafts.

Vein graft failure remains a significant clinical problem. Similar to other vascular diseases, stenosis of vein grafts is caused by several cell lines; however, the sources of these cells remain unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate the cellular sources that reshape vein grafts.

Fate mapping RNA-sequencing reveal Malat1 regulates Sca1 progenitor cells to vascular smooth muscle cells transition in vascular remodeling.

Regeneration of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) is vital in vascular remodeling. Sca1 stem/progenitor cells (SPCs) can generate de novo smooth muscle cells after severe vascular injury during vessel repair and regeneration. However, the underlying mechanisms have not been conclusively determined.

Risk of Death Associated With Reversion From Prediabetes to Normoglycemia and the Role of Modifiable Risk Factors.

Importance: Individuals with prediabetes have a higher risk of death than healthy individuals. However, previous findings have suggested that individuals with reversion from prediabetes to normoglycemia may not have a lower risk of death compared with individuals with persistent prediabetes.

Objectives: To investigate the associations between changes in prediabetes status and risk of death and to elucidate the roles of modifiable risk factors in these associations.

ANPELA: Significantly Enhanced Quantification Tool for Cytometry-Based Single-Cell Proteomics.

ANPELA is widely used for quantifying traditional bulk proteomic data. Recently, there is a clear shift from bulk proteomics to the single-cell ones (SCP), for which powerful cytometry techniques demonstrate the fantastic capacity of capturing cellular heterogeneity that is completely overlooked by traditional bulk profiling. However, the in-depth and high-quality quantification of SCP data is still challenging and severely affected by the large numbers of quantification workflows and extreme performance dependence on the studied datasets.

SoCube: an innovative end-to-end doublet detection algorithm for analyzing scRNA-seq data.

Doublets formed during single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) severely affect downstream studies, such as differentially expressed gene analysis and cell trajectory inference, and limit the cellular throughput of scRNA-seq. Several doublet detection algorithms are currently available, but their generalization performance could be further improved due to the lack of effective feature-embedding strategies with suitable model architectures. Therefore, SoCube, a novel deep learning algorithm, was developed to precisely detect doublets in various types of scRNA-seq data.

The effects of melatonin in the treatment of acute brachial plexus compression injury in rats.

Introduction: Brachial plexus injury (BPI) is one of the most destructive peripheral nerve injuries and there is still a lack of effective treatment.

Methods: This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of melatonin in the treatment of acute brachial plexus compression injury in rats using histopathological, histomorphometric, immunohistochemical and electrophysiological methods. Forty-eight adult male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly allocated into three groups: sham, melatonin and vehicle groups.

The Superiority of Fibroblast Activation Protein Inhibitor (FAPI) PET/CT Versus FDG PET/CT in the Diagnosis of Various Malignancies.

Cancer represents a major cause of death worldwide and is characterized by the uncontrolled proliferation of abnormal cells that escape immune regulation. It is now understood that cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), which express specific fibroblast activation protein (FAP), are critical participants in tumor development and metastasis. Researchers have developed various FAP-targeted probes for imaging of different tumors from antibodies to boronic acid-based inhibitor molecules and determined that quinoline-based FAP inhibitors (FAPIs) are the most appropriate candidate as the radiopharmaceutical for FAPI PET/CT imaging.

Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors: Latest Concepts in Disease Pathogenesis and Clinical Management.

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) is an aggressive soft tissue sarcoma with limited therapeutic options and a poor prognosis. Although neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) and radiation exposure have been identified as risk factors for MPNST, the genetic and molecular mechanisms underlying MPNST pathogenesis have only lately been roughly elucidated. Plexiform neurofibroma (PN) and atypical neurofibromatous neoplasm of unknown biological potential (ANNUBP) are novel concepts of MPNST precancerous lesions, which revealed sequential mutations in MPNST development.

The impact of hypertension for metabolites in patients with acute coronary syndrome.

Background: Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is one of the leading causes of death and is often accompanied by hypertension.

Methods: We investigated whether hypertension affects the metabolism of patients with ACS. Serum samples were provided from healthy controls (HCs; n=26), patients with ACS (n=20), or those patients with ACS complicated with hypertension (HTN, n=21), and all were subjected to non-targeted metabolomics analyses based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS).

Single cell and lineage tracing studies reveal the impact of CD34 cells on myocardial fibrosis during heart failure.

Background: CD34 cells have been used to treat the patients with heart failure, but the outcome is variable. It is of great significance to scrutinize the fate and the mechanism of CD34 cell differentiation in vivo during heart failure and explore its intervention strategy.

Methods: We performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) of the total non-cardiomyocytes and enriched Cd34-tdTomato lineage cells in the murine (male Cd34-CreERT2; Rosa26-tdTomato mice) pressure overload model (transverse aortic constriction, TAC), and total non-cardiomyocytes from human adult hearts.

MecDDI: Clarified Drug-Drug Interaction Mechanism Facilitating Rational Drug Use and Potential Drug-Drug Interaction Prediction.

Drug-drug interactions (DDIs) are a major concern in clinical practice and have been recognized as one of the key threats to public health. To address such a critical threat, many studies have been conducted to clarify the mechanism underlying each DDI, based on which alternative therapeutic strategies are successfully proposed. Moreover, artificial intelligence-based models for predicting DDIs, especially multilabel classification models, are highly dependent on a reliable DDI data set with clear mechanistic information.

Systematic Description of the Content Variation of Natural Products (NPs): To Prompt the Yield of High-Value NPs and the Discovery of New Therapeutics.

Natural products (NPs) have long been associated with human production and play a key role in the survival of species. Significant variations in NP content may severely affect the "return on investment" of NP-based industries and render ecological systems vulnerable. Thus, it is crucial to construct a platform that relates variations in NP content to their corresponding mechanisms.

Traumatic neuromas of peripheral nerves: Diagnosis, management and future perspectives.

Traumatic neuromas are infrequent in clinical settings but are prevalent following trauma or surgery. A traumatic neuroma is not a true malignancy, rather, it is a hyperplastic, reparative nerve reaction after injury and typically manifests as a nodular mass. The most common clinical manifestations include painful hypersensitivity and the presence of a trigger point that causes neuralgic pain, which could seriously decrease the living standards of patients.

The potential roles of dental pulp stem cells in peripheral nerve regeneration.

Peripheral nerve diseases are significantly correlated with severe fractures or trauma and surgeries, leading to poor life quality and impairment of physical and mental health. Human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are neural crest stem cells with a strong multi-directional differentiation potential and proliferation capacity that provide a novel cell source for nerve regeneration. DPSCs are easily extracted from dental pulp tissue of human permanent or deciduous teeth.

New advances in treatment of skin malignant tumors with nanosecond pulsed electric field: A literature review.

Background: Nanosecond pulsed electric field, with its unique bioelectric effect, has shown broad application potential in the field of tumor therapy, especially in malignant tumors and skin tumors.

Main Body: In this paper, we discuss the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of nanosecond pulsed electric field on three common skin cancers, namely, malignant melanoma, squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma, as well as its application to other benign skin diseases and future development and improvement directions.

Conclusion: In general, nanosecond pulsed electric field mainly exerts its ablative effect on tumors through subcellular membrane electroporation effect.

Structure-guided peptide engineering of a positive allosteric modulator targeting the outer pore of TRPV1 for long-lasting analgesia.

Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) ion channel is a classic analgesic target, but antagonists of TRPV1 failed in clinical trials due to their side effects like hyperthermia. Here we rationally engineer a peptide s-RhTx as a positive allosteric modulator (PAM) of TRPV1. Patch-clamp recordings demonstrate s-RhTx selectively potentiated TRPV1 activation.

Clinical characteristics and management experience of schwannoma in extremities: Lessons learned from a 10-year retrospective study.

Introduction: Schwannomas are the most common neoplastic lesions of the peripheral nerves when growing on the extremities, they usually have adverse effects on patients due to the exposed and functional nature of the region.

Methods: In the present single-center retrospective study, we included all patients with pathologically confirmed schwannoma located in extremities between 2011 and 2021 totaling 183 patients. Data on gender, age, duration history, clinical presentation, occurrence region, nerve affiliation, imaging data, modus operation, mass volume, immunohistochemistry, postoperative neurological function, and recurrence were collected.

[Associations between multimorbidity patterns of 4 chronic diseases and physical activity with all-cause mortality].

To identify the prevalence of multimorbidity among a Chinese population, analyze the risk of all-cause mortality with different multimorbidity patterns, and the impact of exercise on the risk of multimorbidity-related mortality and life lost. The study was based on 437 408 MJ Health Management Center participants. The classification decision tree was used to explore multimorbidity patterns composed of hypertension, diabetes, chronic kidney disease (CKD), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

TEMPO: A transformer-based mutation prediction framework for SARS-CoV-2 evolution.

The widespread of SARS-CoV-2 presents a significant threat to human society, as well as public health and economic development. Extensive efforts have been undertaken to battle against the pandemic, whereas effective approaches such as vaccination would be weakened by the continuous mutations, leading to considerable attention being attracted to the mutation prediction. However, most previous studies lack attention to phylogenetics.